The effects of printing orientation on the electrochemical behaviour of 3D printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)/carbon black electrodes

AbstractExperiments and finite element (FE) calculations were performed to study the raster angle–dependent fracture behaviour of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) thermoplastic processed via fused filament fabrication (FFF) additive manufacturing (AM). The fracture properties of 3D-printed ABS were characterized based on the concept of essential work of fracture (EWF), utilizing double-edge-notched tension (DENT) specimens considering rectilinear infill patterns with different raster angles (0°, 90° and + 45/− 45°). The measurements showed that the resistance to fracture initiation of 3D-printed ABS specimens is substantially higher for the printing direction perpendicular to the crack plane (0° raster angle) as compared to that of the samples wherein the printing direction is parallel to the crack (90° raster angle), reporting EWF values of 7.24 kJ m−2 and 3.61 kJ m−2, respectively. A relatively high EWF value was also reported for the specimens with + 45/− 45° raster angle (7.40 kJ m−2). Strain field analysis performed via digital image correlation showed that connected plastic zones existed in the ligaments of the DENT specimens prior to the onset of fracture, and this was corroborated by SEM fractography which showed that fracture proceeded by a ductile mechanism involving void growth and coalescence followed by drawing and ductile tearing of fibrils. It was further shown that the raster angle–dependent strength and fracture properties of 3D-printed ABS can be predicted with an acceptable accuracy by a relatively simple FE model considering the anisotropic elasticity and failure properties of FFF specimens. The findings of this study offer guidelines for fracture-resistant design of AM-enabled thermoplastics. Graphical abstract

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Surface modification of carbon black for the reinforcement of polycarbonate/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene blends

Applied Surface Science ◽

10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.05.106 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 351 ◽

pp. 280-288 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

B.B. Zhang ◽

Y. Chen ◽

F. Wang ◽

R.Y. Hong

Keyword(s):

Surface Modification ◽

Carbon Black ◽

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽

Butadiene Styrene

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Robust Design of PC/ABS Filled with Nano Carbon Black for Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness and Surface Resistivity

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr8050616 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 616

Author(s):

Wipoo Sriseubsai ◽

Arsarin Tippayakraisorn ◽

Jun Wei Lim

Keyword(s):

Carbon Black ◽

Electromagnetic Interference ◽

Electrostatic Discharge ◽

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽

Surface Resistivity ◽

Shielding Effectiveness ◽

Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Effectiveness ◽

Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness ◽

Emi Se ◽

Butadiene Styrene

This study focuses on the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE), dissipation of electrostatic discharge (ESD), and surface resistivity of polymer blends between polycarbonate (PC) and acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) filled with carbon black powder (CBp) and carbon black masterbatch (CBm). The mixtures of PC/ABS/CB composites were prepared by the injection molding for the 4-mm thickness of the specimen. The D-optimal mixture design was applied in this experiment. The EMI SE was measured at the frequency of 800 and 900 MHz with a network analyzer, MIL-STD-285. The result showed that the EMI SE was increased when the amount of filler increased. The surface resistivity of the composites was determined according to the ASTM D257. It was found that the surface resistivity of the plastic with no additives was 1012 Ω/ square. When the amount of fillers was added, the surface resistivity of plastic composites decreased to the range of 106–1011 Ω/square, which was suitable for the application without the electrostatic discharge. The optimization of multi-response showed using high amounts of PC and CB was the best mixture of this research.

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Does vaporized hydrogen peroxide sterilization affect the geometrical properties of anatomic models and guides 3D printed from computed tomography images?

3D Printing in Medicine ◽

10.1186/s41205-021-00120-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mauricio Toro ◽

Aura Cardona ◽

Daniel Restrepo ◽

Laura Buitrago

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Dimensional Stability ◽

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽

Dimensional Error ◽

Material Extrusion ◽

Anatomic Models ◽

3D Printed ◽

Mean Differences ◽

Butadiene Styrene

Abstract Background Material extrusion is used to 3D print anatomic models and guides. Sterilization is required if a 3D printed part touches the patient during an intervention. Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide (VHP) is one method of sterilization. There are four factors to consider when sterilizing an anatomic model or guide: sterility, biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and geometric fidelity. This project focuses on geometric fidelity for material extrusion of one polymer acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) using VHP. Methods De-identified computed tomography (CT) image data from 16 patients was segmented using Mimics Innovation Suite (Materialise NV, Leuven, Belgium). Eight patients had maxillary and mandibular defects depicted with the anatomic models, and eight had mandibular defects for the anatomic guides. Anatomic models and guides designed from the surfaces of CT scan reconstruction and segementation were 3D printed in medical-grade acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) material extrusion. The 16 parts underwent low-temperature sterilization with VHP. The dimensional error was estimated after sterilization by comparing scanned images of the 3D printed parts. Results The average of the estimated mean differences between the printed pieces before and after sterilization were − 0,011 ± 0,252 mm (95%CI − 0,011; − 0,010) for the models and 0,003 ± 0,057 mm (95%CI 0,002; 0,003) for the guides. Regarding the dimensional error of the sterilized parts compared to the original design, the estimated mean differences were − 0,082 ± 0,626 mm (95%CI − 0,083; − 0,081) for the models and 0,126 ± 0,205 mm (95%CI 0,126, 0,127) for the guides. Conclusion This project tested and verified dimensional stability, one of the four prerequisites for introducing vaporized hydrogen peroxide into 3D printing of anatomic models and guides; the 3D printed parts maintained dimensional stability after sterilization.

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Elasto-Plastic Finite Element Modeling of Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced 3D Printed Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Composites

JOM ◽

10.1007/s11837-019-03895-w ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 475-484 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sunil Bhandari ◽

Roberto A. Lopez-Anido ◽

Lu Wang ◽

Douglas J. Gardner

Keyword(s):

Finite Element ◽

Carbon Fiber ◽

Finite Element Modeling ◽

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽

Fiber Reinforced ◽

Short Carbon Fiber ◽

Element Modeling ◽

3D Printed ◽

Short Carbon ◽

Butadiene Styrene

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Environmentally benign metallization of material extrusion technology 3D printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene parts using physical vapor deposition

Additive Manufacturing ◽

10.1016/j.addma.2018.05.016 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. 279-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Justin White ◽

Christopher Tenore ◽

Austin Pavich ◽

Ryan Scherzer ◽

Stephen Stagon

Keyword(s):

Vapor Deposition ◽

Physical Vapor Deposition ◽

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽

Environmentally Benign ◽

Material Extrusion ◽

3D Printed ◽

Extrusion Technology ◽

Butadiene Styrene

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Characterization of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene for 3D Printed Patch Antenna

Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science ◽

10.11591/ijeecs.v6.i1.pp116-123 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 116 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Norun Abdul Malek ◽

Athirah Mohd Ramly ◽

Atiah Sidek ◽

Sarah Yasmin Mohamad

Keyword(s):

Patch Antenna ◽

Complex Geometry ◽

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽

Simulation Software ◽

Tangent Loss ◽

Time Saving ◽

Conformal Antennas ◽

Complex Design ◽

3D Printed ◽

Butadiene Styrene

<p>3D printing is one of the additive manufacturing technology that has gain popularity for time saving and complex design. This technology increases a degree of flexibility for potential 3D RF applications such as wearable and conformal antennas. This paper demonstrates a circular patch antenna fabricated on 3D printed Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) filament. The main reason of using a 3D printer is that it is accurate, easy to fabricate of a complex geometry and the ability to create new antennas that cannot be made using conventional fabrication techniques. The ABS material has a tangent loss of 0.0051 and the relative permittivity is 2.74. The thickness of the substrate is 1.25 mm. The simulation has been performed using Computer Simulation Technology (CST). The return loss from simulation software is in good match with measurement which is 12.5dB at 2.44GHz. Hence, from the results obtained, the ABS could be used as a substrate for an antenna.</p>

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