ECOSYSTEM ASSETS OF THE COMMUNITIES NATURE PROTECTED TERRITORIES: APPROACHES TO THE ASSESSMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Iryna Patoka
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Local Ecosystem ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Compensation Payments

The paper proves the need to reform the system of ecological management of protected areas of communities on an ecosystem basis, taking into account the general processes of decentralization and European integration. It is noted that the main problems of adequate assessment of local natural resource potential of communities, in particular the assessment of ecosystem assets of their protected areas, are related to the imperfection of the general methodology of its implementation and the relevant regulatory framework. It is emphasized that the achievement of the goals of sustainable spatial development at the local level is ensured via full mobilization of all types of local resources, e.g. in protected areas, in particular by taking into account the value of ecosystem assets and ecosystem services produced by them in the interests of local communities. It is shown that economic assessments allow to substantiate the economic efficiency of investments in the environmental complex in order to preserve biodiversity, compare the costs and benefits of ecosystem services, as well as calculate the amount of compensation payments. It is determined that the process of assessment of ecosystem assets of territories is a measurement of the total monetary value of ecosystem-related goods and services in the region, i.e. the assessment of ecosystem assets is primarily to assess the ecosystem services produced by these assets. As a result of the study, successive stages of developing an algorithm for assessing ecosystem assets of protected areas of communities with the definition of the main structural components of assessment: valuation of ecosystem services produced by assets of protected areas, using a combination of relevant assessment methods and valuation component of the total local ecosystem asset of a particular territorial community. The calculation of the total value of ecosystem assets of protected areas of communities on the example of Blagodatnenskaya OTG of the Pervomaisky district of the Nikolaev area is executed. Proposals for optimizing the use of ecosystem assets of protected areas of communities have been developed.

Biodiversity Trends Associated with SEA and EIA Practices

2013 ◽  
pp. 134-153
Author(s):  
Pedro Beja ◽  
Julie A. Ewald ◽  
Robert Kenward
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Populations ◽  
Process Variables

This chapter compares trends in policies on land uses and economic activity to trends in ecosystem services and biodiversity in cultivated areas as well as in protected areas, using a database defined in Chapter 6. The analysis revealed associations between capacity, priority, and process variables on one hand, and impact variables on the other. For the TESS project, the most important analyses involved the number of EIAs and SEAs. There were relatively more of these in countries where local administrations consulted most with NGOs, were responsible for relatively small populations and perceived nature most positively. Except for consultation, the processes used when conducting assessments and monitoring their results did not positively affect the number of assessments, the environmental and social impacts investigated, or the numbers of those using the resources. Additional analysis indicated interesting relationships with conversion to artificial land-cover, positivity to nature indices, knowing the term “biodiversity,” species conservation status, consultation at local level with NGOs, and the proportion of a country’s population that was hunters or anglers.

ECOSYSTEM APPROACHES TO THE ORGANIZATION OF COMPENSATIVE MEASURES FOR LOSSES REFUND AT THE LOCAL LEVEL

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Iryna Patoka
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Compensation Mechanism ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Economic Mechanism ◽  
Ecosystem Approaches

The aim of the article is to introduce the up-to date approaches to the functioning of the compensation mechanism for the refund of the losses from ecosystems pollution and to elaborate proposals for its implementation in the local environmental policy. The paper identifies the main aspects of the formation of a compensation mechanism for refund of the losses from pollution and degradation of ecosystems at the local level, types of compensatory relations in the environmental sphere, levers of influence of local authorities and business on the implementation of an effective compensation mechanism. Ways and methods of compensation for the refund of the losses from the ecosystems decontamination are structured and instruments of the economic mechanism of compensation at different territorial levels of management are classified. It is proposed to take into account the configurations of reproduction processes in the territory ecosystems while introducing a compensation mechanism for the losses from their decontamination. The compensation mechanism for ecosystem decontamination losses at the local territorial level is proved to be a special type of institutional agreement as to protection and sustainable use of ecosystem services and ecosystems at the local level and adjusting the distribution of costs and benefits between different players and stakeholders mainly via economic means. The priority reforms in the sphere of liability for damage to ecosystems to form a compensation mechanism for compensation in Ukraine are outlined. Prospects for introduction of a compensation mechanism for the refund of the losses from the ecosystems decontamination at the local level are outlined. The reform of decentralization and extension of the local powers allows for the development and implementation of the regulations at the local level that would establish a procedure for the accumulation and use of compensation costs for the destroyed community ecosystems restoration. It will contribute to the receipt of significant compensatory financial resources in local budgets for communities, to be directed exclusively for the compensatory measures.

scholarly journals FORMALIZATION OF VALUE MEASUREMENT OF ECOSYSTEM ASSETS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF WATER RESOURCES)

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Valentyna Kolmakova
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Value Measurement

Scientific approaches to the formalization of valuations of ecosystem assets on the example of water resources are studied. The peculiarities of application of methods, approaches and directions of economic assessment to water as an ecosystem asset are revealed, key directions of practical application of results of economic assessment of ecosystem assets related to water in the system of nature management of territorial communities are determined. An algorithm for formalizing the valuation of water-related ecosystem assets from the following five blocks is proposed: the first involves consideration of the essence and differentiated components of water-related ecosystem assets from the standpoint of the ecosystem approach; the second defines the methodology for identifying a set of ecosystem services that can be provided by identified ecosystem assets within spatial formations; the third is focused on the study of integration processes related to the study of the combinatorics of ecosystem services and system interaction of spaces; fourth - provides a rationale for the model of reproduction of ecosystem assets related to water in a formal form with the prospect of parameterization of their components; The fifth block concerns the identification of methods used for their cost measurement and the solution of financial and economic settlement issues and the definition of innovative ways of sustainable spatial development of united territorial communities. Further research has prospects in the following areas: formation of a comprehensive strategic approach to formalizing the value measurement of water-related ecosystem assets; and development and introduction of effective methodological approaches to the assessment of ecosystem assets for the formation of investment attractiveness of the territory through the use of local natural resources, including water, as a powerful potential for sustainable spatial development at the local level.

scholarly journals SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES IN TOURISM AND THEIR IMPACT ON REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarína Kráľová ◽  
◽  
Jana Sochuľáková ◽  
Dagmar Petrušová ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

A long-term problem of the Slovak economy is significant regional disparities caused by insufficient use of existing local resources. Inefficient and unsystematic use of existing resources at the local level causes a decrease in the competitiveness of these regions, which is also reflected in the overall performance of the economy. In our article, after the initial definition of basic terminology, we will focus on the evaluation of regional disparities and the current development of regional differences in the conditions of the Slovak Republic. We will evaluate the impact of SMEs on regional development in the Slovak Republic. However, we will focus primarily on their positive benefits to reducing regional disparities in the conditions of the Slovak Republic. We will pay particular attention to SMEs operating in the field of tourism in individual regions, how they contribute or in the future can solve the problem of reducing regional disparities.

scholarly journals Scenario methodology for modelling of future landscape developments as basis for assessing ecosystem services

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Rosenberg ◽  
Ralf Uwe Syrbe ◽  
Juliane Vowinckel ◽  
Ulrich Walz
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Scenario Development ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Alternative Scenarios ◽  
Definition Of

The ecosystems of our intensively used European landscapes produce a variety of natural goods and services for the benefit of humankind, and secure the basics and quality of life. Because these ecosystems are still undergoing fundamental changes, the interest of the society is to know more about future developments and their ecological impacts. To describe and analyze these changes, scenarios can be developed and an assessment of the ecological changes can be carried out subsequently. In the project "Landscape Saxony 2050"; a methodology for the construction of exploratory scenarios was worked out. The presented methodology provides a possibility to identify the driving forces (socio-cultural, economic and ecological conditions) of the landscape development. It allows to indicate possible future paths which lead to a change of structures and processes in the landscape and can influence the capability to provide ecosystem services. One essential component of the applied technique is that an approach for the assessment of the effects of the landscape changes on ecosystem services is integrated into the developed scenario methodology. Another is, that the methodology is strong designed as participatory, i.e. stakeholders are integrated actively. The method is a seven phase model which provides the option for the integration of the stakeholders' participation at all levels of scenario development. The scenario framework was applied to the district of Görlitz, an area of 2100 sq km located at the eastern border of Germany. The region is affected by strong demographic as well as economic changes. The core issue focused on the examination of landscape change in terms of biodiversity. Together with stakeholders, a trend scenario and two alternative scenarios were developed. The changes of the landscape structure are represented in story lines, maps and tables. On basis of the driving forces of the issue areas "cultural/social values" and "political control", three scenarios were developed up to the time horizons in 2030 and 2050. They are titled "Trend", "Tradition and Ecology" and "Technology and Energy". These scenarios differ markedly in the degree of the future lignite exploitation, in the use of renewable energy and in the environmental compatibility of the agricultural production. In total, the investigation shows that the integration of the ecosystem services approach into the scenario technology has brought new aspects. However, the procedure became more complex. For the development of the scenarios a precise definition of the driving forces turned out to be essential. The experiences of the project further show that only two or at most three key driving forces (KDF) can be distinguished really sensibly or can be looked at in their interactions. It could be shown that from these results itself concrete measures can be derived which support desirable developments or counteract against undesirable effects. By the integration of stakeholders in different working steps, the scenarios can contribute to the sensitization and better perception of future problems and chances of a region.

Compliance and Conflict of Value in Public Policy Implementation: Comparison between the New Order and the Reformation Era

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwiyanto Indiahono ◽  
Erwan Purwanto ◽  
Agus Pramusinto
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
New Order ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Public Policy Implementation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Conflict Of Value ◽  
The Relationship

This research aims to examine differences in the relationship of bureaucratic and political officials during the New Order (Soeharto’s era) and the Reformation (post-Soeharto) era within the arena of public policy implementation. This is a matter of importance given that there is a change in relations between the two from integration in the New Order to bureaucratic impartiality in the Reformation Era. This study attempts to answer the question: How were the relations of bureaucratic and political officials in the implementation of local level public policy during the New Order and the Reformation Era? A qualitative research has been conducted in Tegal Municipality using the following data collection techniques: interview, focus group discussion, documentation, and observation. Tegal Municipality was selected as the study location because of the unique relationship shown between the mayor and the bureaucracy. Its uniqueness lies in the emergence of bureaucratic officials who dare to oppose political officials, based on their convictions that bureaucratic/public values should be maintained even if it means having to be in direct conflict with political officials. This research indicates that the relationship between bureaucratic and political officials in the arena of local level policy implementation during the New Order was characterized as being full of pressure and compliance, whereas during the Reformation Era bureaucrats have the audacity to hinder policy implementation. Such audacity to thwart policies is considered to have developed from a stance that aims to protect public budget and values in policies. The occurring conflict of values here demonstrates a dichotomy of political and bureaucratic officials that is different from the prevailing definition of politics-administration dichotomy introduced at the onset of Public Administration studies.

scholarly journals Sharing Lisboa: A Digital Social Market to Promote Sustainable and Energy Efficient Behaviours

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Catarina C. Rolim ◽  
Patrícia Baptista
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
New City ◽  
Social Market ◽  
The City ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Change Mitigation

Several solutions and city planning policies have emerged to promote climate change and sustainable cities. The Sharing Cities program has the ambition of contributing to climate change mitigation by improving urban mobility, energy efficiency in buildings and reducing carbon emissions by successfully engaging citizens and fostering local-level innovation. A Digital Social Market (DSM), named Sharing Lisboa, was developed in Lisbon, Portugal, supported by an application (APP), enabling the exchange of goods and services bringing citizens together to support a common cause: three schools competing during one academic year (2018/2019) to win a final prize with the engagement of school community and surrounding community. Sharing Lisboa aimed to promote behaviour change and the adoption of energy-saving behaviours such as cycling and walking with the support of local businesses. Participants earned points that reverted to the cause (school) they supported. A total of 1260 users was registered in the APP, collecting more than 850,000 points through approximately 17,000 transactions. This paper explores how the DSM has the potential to become a new city service promoting its sustainable development. Furthermore, it is crucial for this concept to reach economic viability through a business model that is both profitable and useful for the city, businesses and citizens, since investment will be required for infrastructure and management of such a market.

scholarly journals Incorporating Ecosystem Services in the Assessment of Water Framework Directive Programmes of Measures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Souliotis ◽  
Nikolaos Voulvoulis
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Ecological Objectives ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe EU Water Framework Directive requires the development of management responses aimed towards improving water quality as a result of improving ecosystem health (system state). Ecosystems have potential to supply a range of services that are of fundamental importance to human well-being, health, livelihoods and survival, and their capacity to supply these services depends on the ecosystem condition (its structure and processes). According to the WFD, Programmes of Measures should be developed to improve overall water status by reducing anthropogenic catchment pressures to levels compatible with the achievement of the ecological objectives of the directive, and when designed and implemented properly should improve the ecological condition of aquatic ecosystems that the delivery of ecosystem services depends on. Monitoring and evaluation of implemented measures are crucial for assessing their effectiveness and creating the agenda for consecutive planning cycles. Considering the challenges of achieving water status improvements, and the difficulties of communicating these to the wider public, we develop a framework for the evaluation of measures cost-effectiveness that considers ecosystem services as the benefits from the reduction of pressures on water bodies. We demonstrate its application through a case study and discuss its potential to facilitate the economic analysis required by the directive, and that most European water authorities had problems with. Findings demonstrate the potential of the methodology to effectively incorporate ecosystem services in the assessment of costs and benefits of proposed actions, as well as its potential to engage stakeholders.

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