scholarly journals Scenario methodology for modelling of future landscape developments as basis for assessing ecosystem services

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Rosenberg ◽  
Ralf Uwe Syrbe ◽  
Juliane Vowinckel ◽  
Ulrich Walz
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Scenario Development ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Alternative Scenarios ◽  
Definition Of

The ecosystems of our intensively used European landscapes produce a variety of natural goods and services for the benefit of humankind, and secure the basics and quality of life. Because these ecosystems are still undergoing fundamental changes, the interest of the society is to know more about future developments and their ecological impacts. To describe and analyze these changes, scenarios can be developed and an assessment of the ecological changes can be carried out subsequently. In the project "Landscape Saxony 2050"; a methodology for the construction of exploratory scenarios was worked out. The presented methodology provides a possibility to identify the driving forces (socio-cultural, economic and ecological conditions) of the landscape development. It allows to indicate possible future paths which lead to a change of structures and processes in the landscape and can influence the capability to provide ecosystem services. One essential component of the applied technique is that an approach for the assessment of the effects of the landscape changes on ecosystem services is integrated into the developed scenario methodology. Another is, that the methodology is strong designed as participatory, i.e. stakeholders are integrated actively. The method is a seven phase model which provides the option for the integration of the stakeholders' participation at all levels of scenario development. The scenario framework was applied to the district of Görlitz, an area of 2100 sq km located at the eastern border of Germany. The region is affected by strong demographic as well as economic changes. The core issue focused on the examination of landscape change in terms of biodiversity. Together with stakeholders, a trend scenario and two alternative scenarios were developed. The changes of the landscape structure are represented in story lines, maps and tables. On basis of the driving forces of the issue areas "cultural/social values" and "political control", three scenarios were developed up to the time horizons in 2030 and 2050. They are titled "Trend", "Tradition and Ecology" and "Technology and Energy". These scenarios differ markedly in the degree of the future lignite exploitation, in the use of renewable energy and in the environmental compatibility of the agricultural production. In total, the investigation shows that the integration of the ecosystem services approach into the scenario technology has brought new aspects. However, the procedure became more complex. For the development of the scenarios a precise definition of the driving forces turned out to be essential. The experiences of the project further show that only two or at most three key driving forces (KDF) can be distinguished really sensibly or can be looked at in their interactions. It could be shown that from these results itself concrete measures can be derived which support desirable developments or counteract against undesirable effects. By the integration of stakeholders in different working steps, the scenarios can contribute to the sensitization and better perception of future problems and chances of a region.

ECOSYSTEM ASSETS OF THE COMMUNITIES NATURE PROTECTED TERRITORIES: APPROACHES TO THE ASSESSMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Iryna Patoka
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Local Ecosystem ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Compensation Payments

The paper proves the need to reform the system of ecological management of protected areas of communities on an ecosystem basis, taking into account the general processes of decentralization and European integration. It is noted that the main problems of adequate assessment of local natural resource potential of communities, in particular the assessment of ecosystem assets of their protected areas, are related to the imperfection of the general methodology of its implementation and the relevant regulatory framework. It is emphasized that the achievement of the goals of sustainable spatial development at the local level is ensured via full mobilization of all types of local resources, e.g. in protected areas, in particular by taking into account the value of ecosystem assets and ecosystem services produced by them in the interests of local communities. It is shown that economic assessments allow to substantiate the economic efficiency of investments in the environmental complex in order to preserve biodiversity, compare the costs and benefits of ecosystem services, as well as calculate the amount of compensation payments. It is determined that the process of assessment of ecosystem assets of territories is a measurement of the total monetary value of ecosystem-related goods and services in the region, i.e. the assessment of ecosystem assets is primarily to assess the ecosystem services produced by these assets. As a result of the study, successive stages of developing an algorithm for assessing ecosystem assets of protected areas of communities with the definition of the main structural components of assessment: valuation of ecosystem services produced by assets of protected areas, using a combination of relevant assessment methods and valuation component of the total local ecosystem asset of a particular territorial community. The calculation of the total value of ecosystem assets of protected areas of communities on the example of Blagodatnenskaya OTG of the Pervomaisky district of the Nikolaev area is executed. Proposals for optimizing the use of ecosystem assets of protected areas of communities have been developed.

Simultaneous heat and mass transfer during evaporation from a film of liquid into the turbulent gas

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 766-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Václav Kolář ◽  
Jan Červenka
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Liquid Film ◽  
Heat And Mass Transfer ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Proper Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Simultaneous Heat ◽  
Theory And Experiment

The paper presents results obtained by processing a series of published experimental data on heat and mass transfer during evaporation of pure liquids from the free board of a liquid film into the turbulent gas phone. The data has been processed on the basis of the earlier theory of mechanism of heat and mass transfer. In spite of the fact that this process exhibits a strong Stefan's flow, the results indicate that with a proper definition of the driving forces the agreement between theory and experiment is very good.

scholarly journals Identifying key processes and sectors in the interaction between climate and socio-economic systems: a review toward integrating Earth–human systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaoru Tachiiri ◽  
Xuanming Su ◽  
Ken’ichi Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
The Impact

AbstractFor the purpose of identifying the key processes and sectors involved in the interaction between Earth and socio-economic systems, we review existing studies on those processes/sectors through which the climate impacts socio-economic systems, which then in turn affect the climate. For each process/sector, we review the direct physical and ecological impacts and, if available, the impact on the economy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Based on this review, land sector is identified as the process with the most significant impact on GHG emissions, while labor productivity has the largest impact on the gross domestic product (GDP). On the other hand, the energy sector, due to the increase in the demand for cooling, will have increased GHG emissions. Water resources, sea level rise, natural disasters, ecosystem services, and diseases also show the potential to have a significant influence on GHG emissions and GDP, although for most of these, a large effect was reported only by a limited number of studies. As a result, more studies are required to verify their influence in terms of feedbacks to the climate. In addition, although the economic damage arising from migration and conflict is uncertain, they should be treated as potentially damaging processes.

scholarly journals How Do Trade-Offs and Synergies between Ecosystem Services Change in the Long Period? The Case Study of Uxin, Inner Mongolia, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 6041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang ◽  
Li ◽  
Buyantuev ◽  
Bao ◽  
Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Development And Utilization ◽  
Long Term Trends

Ecosystem services management should often expect to deal with non-linearities due to trade-offs and synergies between ecosystem services (ES). Therefore, it is important to analyze long-term trends in ES development and utilization to understand their responses to climate change and intensification of human activities. In this paper, the region of Uxin in Inner Mongolia, China, was chosen as a case study area to describe the spatial distribution and trends of 5 ES indicators. Changes in relationships between ES and driving forces of dynamics of ES relationships were analyzed for the period 1979–2016 using a stepwise regression. We found that: the magnitude and directions in ES relationships changed during this extended period; those changes are influenced by climate factors, land use change, technological progress, and population growth.

scholarly journals Risks inherent in the digital surveillance economy: A research agenda

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Research Agenda ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Digital Surveillance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Alternative Scenarios ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Surveillance Society ◽  
New Phase

The digitisation of data about the world relevant to business has given rise to a new phase of digitalisation of business itself. The digitisation of data about people has linked with the notions of information society, surveillance society, surveillance state and surveillance capitalism, and given rise to what is referred to in this article as the digital surveillance economy. At the heart of this is a new form of business model that is predicated on the acquisition and consolidation of very large volumes of personal data, and its exploitation to target advertisements, manipulate consumer behaviour, and price goods and services at the highest level that each individual is willing to bear. In the words of the model’s architects, users are ‘bribed’ and ‘induced’ to make their data available at minimal cost to marketers. The digital surveillance economy harbours serious threats to the interests of individuals, societies and polities. That in turn creates risks for corporations. The new economic wave may prove to be a tsunami that swamps the social dimension and washes away the last five centuries’ individualism and humanism. Alternatively, institutional adaptation might occur, overcoming the worst of the negative impacts; or a breaking-point could be reached and consumers might rebel against corporate domination. A research agenda is proposed, to provide a framework within which alternative scenarios can be investigated.

scholarly journals Waiora: the importance of Indigenous worldviews and spirituality to inspire and inform Planetary Health Promotion in the Anthropocene

2021 ◽  
pp. 175797592110622
Author(s):  
Sione Tu’itahi ◽  
Huti Watson ◽  
Richard Egan ◽  
Margot W. Parkes ◽  
Trevor Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
International Union ◽  
Planetary Health ◽  
Indigenous Worldviews ◽  
Health Promotion And Education ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Geological Age ◽  
The Social

We now live in a new geological age, the Anthropocene – the age of humans – the start of which coincides with the founding of the International Union for Health Promotion and Education (IUHPE) 70 years ago. In this article, we address the fundamental challenge facing health promotion in its next 70 years, which takes us almost to 2100: how do we achieve planetary health? We begin with a brief overview of the massive and rapid global ecological changes we face, the social, economic and technological driving forces behind those changes, and their health implications. At the heart of these driving forces lie a set of core values that are incompatible with planetary health. Central to our argument is the need for a new set of values, which heed and privilege the wisdom of Indigenous worldviews, as well as a renewed sense of spirituality that can re-establish a reverence for nature. We propose an Indigenous-informed framing to inspire and inform what we call planetary health promotion so that, as the United Nations Secretary General wrote recently, we can make peace with nature.

scholarly journals MONITORING CHANGES OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES SUPPLY AND DEMAND PATTERN IN CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN LIAONING URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS, CHINA USING LANDSAT IMAGES

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-3 ◽  
pp. 765-770
Author(s):  
B. Li ◽  
F. Huang ◽  
S. Chang ◽  
H. Qi ◽  
H. Zhai
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Indentifying the spatio-temporal patterns of ecosystem services supply and demand and the driving forces is of great significance to the regional ecological security and sustainable socio-economic development. Due to long term and high-intensity development, the ecological environment in central and southern Liaoning urban agglomerations has been greatly destroyed thereafter has restricted sustainable development in this region. Based on Landsat ETM and OLI images, land use of this urban agglomeration in 2005, 2010 and 2015 was extracted. The integrative index of multiple-ecosystem services (IMES) was used to quantify the supply (IMESs), demand (IMESd) and balance (IMESb) of multiple-ecosystem services, The spatial patterns of ecosystem services and its dynamics for the period of 2005–2015 were revealed. The multiple regression and stepwise regression analysis were used to explore relationships between ecosystem services and socioeconomic factors. The results showed that the IMESs of the region increased by 2.93 %, whereas IMESd dropped 38 %. The undersupplied area was reduced to 2. The IMESs and IMESb were mainly negatively correlated with gross domestic product (GDP), population density, foreign investment and industrial output, while GDP per capita and the number of teachers had significant positive impacts on ecosystem services supply. The positive correlation between IMESd and GDP, population density and foreign investment were found. The ecosystem services models were established. Supply and balance of multiple-ecosystem services were positively correlated with population density, but the demand was the opposite. The results can provide some reference value for the coordinately economic and ecological development in the study area.

scholarly journals Theoretical approach of the international business environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolae Țău ◽  
◽  
Ibrahim Mustafa Sharfeldin Mohammedelkhatim ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Business ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
Definition Of

The definition of international business is related to commercial transactions that occur across country borders. The exchange of goods and services among peoples and businesses is organized between multiple countries. The term is composed of two words; International has many meanings, among them external and global. The word Business has also various senses such as trade, transaction and commercial relations. This huge number of words and concepts describes the large field of affairs. International business means the exchange of goods, services, resources, knowledge and skills among other things between two or more firms and/ or countries. It can also denote the trade conducted across national boundaries for the profit of all parties connected on an industry. It refers to negotiated commerce and investment performed by firms across boarders functioning together at several levels.

scholarly journals Structural model of forest ecosystem services’ payment for water quality improvement

2019 ◽  
pp. 238-245
Author(s):  
Mariyana Lybenova ◽  
Alexandre Chikalanov ◽  
Yulian Petkov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Forest Ecosystem Services ◽  
Payment Schemes ◽  
Structured Information ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Web Platform

The publication deals with the development of a structural model of payment schemes for ecosystem services (PES) oriented to usage of forests for water, soil and microclimate quality improvement. Proposed structural model is built on the Meta analyses base of more than 50 PES schemes worldwide. The proposed structural model has three top down levels – groups of categories, categories and attributes. There are seven groups of categories, 17 categories and more than 120 attributes. The structured information about studied PES schemes is stored in a warehouse managed by unique web platform created by the authors. An important part presented study is the developed generic use case of PES schemes with definition of seven participated actors.

scholarly journals Book-trade networks in Siberia and the Far East: the initiation history, present state and development trends (part 1)

Bibliosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. N. Alshevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Book Market ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Book Selling ◽  
Ussr State ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
Definition Of

Based on the analysis of publications of scholars and book practitioners the author formulates main features and definition of the bookselling network as a set of wholesale, wholesale-retail and retail bookselling enterprises under common management (a single management center and unified management principles), which sell the similar book and accompanying assortment of goods and services for personal and public (library) consumption to get profit. The world largest, having no analogues to date, national bookselling network was the unified state centralized system of the USSR State Printing Committee, which included 3,763 stores in 1988. After its disintegration in 1996-2000, the federal, regional and local bookselling networks started forming both in the center of Russia and in regions on other principles and in other ways. The phenomenon of the Russian book market at the turn of the XX and XXI centuries was a wholesale and retail book-selling company «Top-book» (1995-2011). The company built a system of logistics centers, developed and implemented various formats of the retail distribution network. By 2010, the «Top-Book» had over 500 stores in more than 230 Russian cities and sold above 3 million books a month. At the same time, the company's unprecedented pace of development required organizational changes: improving manageability, optimizing the budget expenditure part by reducing costs. The impossibility to solve the problems led the company to bankruptcy in 2011. The largest federal bookstore network enterprise in Russia by 2017 is the integrated retail network «Chitai-gorod» - «Bukvoed» over 528 enterprises in 167 cities of Russia. There are 55 stores in 21 cities of Siberia and the Far East. But the most significant for the regional book market is the activity of bookselling associations established in Siberia and the Far East. Mostly there are networks created by booksellers in the region, but publishing and book-selling holdings («Bichik», «Apex», «Novaya kniga», etc.) form networks to sale their own printed products as well.

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