MODERN METHODS FOR REDUCING AND OVERCOMING MIN DANGER FOR SHIPS (VESSELS) AND BOATS UKRAINIAN NAVY IN THE BLACK AND AZOV SEAS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
A. Kobzar ◽  
V. Shcherbakan
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
National Security ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mine Support ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Post War ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Working Out

This paper considers the problem that exists in the marine space of the Black and Azov Seas and related to the mine danger for warships of Ukraine in certain naval zones of responsibility of the Ukrainian Navy. The authors focused on the fact that the mine danger, which constitutes a real threat to the national security of Ukraine from the sea, not only does not decrease, but also increasesand becomes extremely dangerous.Particular attention was focused on circumstanceswhich might not be known, and were not taken into account when working out decisions on mine defense and mine protectionof the Ukrainian Navy.First of all, this is the existing mine danger in the Black and Azov Seas off the coast of Ukraine, which remained of past wars and post-war active naval activities,as well as from a sea mine threat, which was formed as a result of aggressive actions by the Russian Federation, which threatens Ukraine from the sea. That is, the authors paid special attention to circumstances that might be unknown and were not taken into account earlier when working out decisions on anti-mine defense and anti-mine support for the Ukrainian Navy. This is, first of all, the existing mine danger of the Black and Azov Seas off the coast of Ukraine, which has remained from the past World War II, as well as post-war active naval activities. And secondly, it is preparation and counteraction to possible aggressive manifestations and a mine threat from the side of the country, which constantly threatens Ukraine from the sea. To this end, іn the paper gave specific recommendations on ways to reduce the mine risk for warships of Ukraine and indicated, that in the near future, in Ukrainian Navy it is necessary to activate all existing and well-known components of the mine support system. Ukraine must guaranteedly solve any problems or possible resistance of interested parties in creating the necessary number of mine and mine ships (boats) as part of the Ukrainian Navy.

scholarly journals Organization of Medical Care at the Vascular Surgery of Pre-Stroke Disorders and Emergency Neurosurgical Care Ward

2019 ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
O. A. Ivantsov
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Vascular Surgery ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
High Tech ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Care Ward

The article analyses the organization and results of the activities of the Vascular Surgery of Pre-Stroke Disorders and Emergency Neurosurgical Care Ward, founded at Gomel Regional Clinical Hospital of the Disabled of World War II in 2015, to provide medical care to patients with vascular pathology. It gives the data on the bed fund, staffing and personnel potential of the ward, facilities for complex and high tech surgery, lists modern methods applied in the treatment of patients with vascular disorders. The article summarizes the prospects of the treatment and rehabilitation of this category of patients at the new ward taking into account the experience which has been accumulated for the past three years of its existence.

scholarly journals Introduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jonathan Bach ◽  
Benjamin Nienass
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
World War ◽  
Air War ◽  
Economic Miracle ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Body ◽  
Post War ◽  
War Victims ◽  
The Great War

Innocence is central to German memory politics; indeed, one can say that the German memory landscape is saturated with claims of innocence. The Great War is commonly portrayed as a loss of innocence, while the Nazis sought, in their way, to reclaim that innocence by proclaiming Germany as the innocent victim. After World War II, denazification and courts established administrative and legal boundaries within which claims of innocence could be formulated and adjudicated, while the “zero hour” and “economic miracle” established a basis for a different form of reclaiming innocence, one roundly critiqued by Theodor W. Adorno in his essay “What Does Coming to Terms with the Past Mean?”1 In the 1980s, Chancellor Helmut Kohl’s famous pronouncement of the “grace [Gnade] of a late birth” (also translatable as “mercy,” “pardon,” or “blessing”) became the touchstone for a resurgence of war children’s (Kriegskinder) memory. In the 1990s, the myth of the Wehrmacht as largely innocent of atrocities was publicly challenged. Today, rightwing critiques that cast Holocaust remembrance as a politics of shame draw upon tropes of innocence, of German air war victims and post-war generations, while right-wing images of migrants are cast in classic forms of threats to the purity of the “national body” (Volkskörper). The quickening pace of contemporary debates over Germany’s colonial past pointedly questions the innocence of today’s beneficiaries of colonialism, drawing attention to the borders and contours of implication.

scholarly journals Surplus country adjustment: revisiting the post-World War II Scarce Currency Clause

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1149-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosario Patalano
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
World War ◽  
Automatic Instrument ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
The Past ◽  
Trade Imbalances ◽  
Post War ◽  
Automatic Mechanism

AbstractThe Scarce Currency Clause (SCC) in the IMF’s Articles of Agreement (Article VII) was originally designed to establish an effective, automatic mechanism to stimulate the surplus countries to adopt adjustment policies and to correct chronic imbalances. The clause formally authorises countries with a chronic deficit to apply trade discrimination against a surplus country, by imposing tariffs and other restrictions on its exports. But the SCC has never been applied, and its permanence in the IMF’s Articles of Agreement appears today as a relic of the past, an example of post-war international cooperation. This paper presents an analytical survey of the debate on the SCC in the first decade of the IMF, exploring the contemporary opinions on the possibility that this instrument could be effectively used to correct the chronic imbalances in the post-war world and to resolve the problem of dollar shortage. More recently, the persistence of current global trade imbalances has stimulated a renewed reflection on the automatic instrument for encouraging or compelling countries to undertake necessary adjustments. The paper is focusing on recent proposals for correcting imbalances against surplus countries.

History, Myth, and Memory: A Biography of a Stalin Portrait

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-84
Author(s):  
Susan Corbesero
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Soviet Leader ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

AbstractDuring the troublous post-war and post-Soviet periods, the iconography of Stalin has served as a powerful interpreter of the past. Since World War II, portraits and attendant mass reproductions of the notorious Soviet leader have conveyed a historical memory that fused the triumphalist mythology of the Second World War and the cult of Stalin. Appropriated for political, national, nostalgic and commercial purposes, these iconic vehicles have functioned as integral “vectors of memory” in times of political change. In that vein, this article traces the remarkably dynamic and influential life of Aleksandr Laktionov's Portrait of I. V. Stalin (1949) in order to illuminate how its meaning and use, past and present, reflects and refracts the political landscape that deploys it.

Legal Changes in Adolescent Psychiatry

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-268
Author(s):  
K. S. Walshe-Brennan
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Juvenile Crime ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Near Future

Juvenile crime has increased considerably in the past decade. The Police Federation and the Justices' Clerks' Society blame the Children and Young Persons Act 1969 and want the law changed for several reasons. The British Association of Social Workers, however, disagrees. In view of possible changes in the near future, the development of the 1969 Act is traced from World War II with comments on the social conditions then existing. The results of the legislature are discussed with particular reference to Certificates of Unruliness, accommodation difficulties and the role of psychiatry at the present time.

scholarly journals War and humanity in historical perspective: Bosniak experiences in Sandžak in 1941.

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 23-70
Author(s):  
Safet Bandžović ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Interdisciplinary Studies ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
World War ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Post War

Complex socio-historical processes and turning epochs, as well as numerous segments that are an integral part of people's lives, are the subject of interdisciplinary studies. War is one of the most dramatic, most complex social phenomena. In addition to armed operations, there are a number of other dimensions related to war, starting from psychological, legal, sociological, social, economic, cultural to others. Critical and multiple perspectives contribute to the completion of images of politics, wars and their relations. The disintegrations of the ideological paradigm and the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia were accompanied by the (re)construction of new national identities, the outbreak and duration of „wars“ of different memories, the reshaping of consciousness and the re-examination of history, especially those related to World War II. The history of that war in Yugoslavia was undoubtedly the history of several wars which were stacked on top of each other. The main issue with Bosniaks in that war is a multiperspectival topic that requires a multidimensional and deideologized presentation of the position and the position of all involved actors. Numerous issues related to that war, the complex position of Bosniaks in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Sandžak, the emergence of civic responsibility, Bosniak protection of the vulnerable Serb Orthodox population, humanity and assistance, beyond post-war ideological premises and „official truths“ remained more or less marginalized, although they seek more objective and complete answers from multiple angles, for the sake of a more complete view of the past. What is called „local“ or „regional history“, as evidenced by diverse experiences, indicates the multidimensionality of the past, its features and specifics in a certain area. The Second World War in Sandžak could not be understood more objectively outside the broader Yugoslav context. This is also special for the history of Novi Pazar, the largest city in Sandžak which was the subject of many different political plans and conceptions. The history of this city has several sections. After the withdrawal of German forces from Novi Pazar, the Chetniks tried to conquer this city for three times in the fall of 1941. However, thanks to the dedicated defense and the help of Albanian armed groups from Kosovo, Bosniaks managed to defend themselves and Novi Pazar. Even in such a dramatic situation, numerous examples of humanity, solidarity and assistance of Bosniaks to the intimidated Serb urban population have been recorded. In the most difficult days of the war, when Novi Pazar was exposed to Chetnik attacks, a significant part of Bosniaks took actions to prevent anarchy, to save Serbs from terror and revenge. The task of science is to constantly discover forgotten and unknown parts of the past, to re-examine previous knowledge. Everything that happened has a whole range of perspectives. It is necessary to have a multidimensional understanding of the causes and course of events, circuits and time limits, to explain narrowed alternatives. Any reduction of historical totality to only one dimension is problematic. Every nation, every state, in a way, write their „histories“, remember different personalities, events, dates, emphasize various roles, perpetuates monuments, emphatize with different causes and consequences. Contemporary abuses of the interpretation of the war past, one-sided approaches, fierce prejucides and quasi-historical analyzes in the service of the politics damage interethic relations and lead to further growth of tensions and distancing between nations and states in their region.

Comprehending the Past: Soviet Visions, Post-Soviet Revisions and Modern Concepts in "Ukrainian Historical Journal" (1957— 2017)

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
World History ◽  
World War ◽  
Early Modern History ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
Historical Journal

Th is book elucidates complex and long process of the "Ukrainian Historical Journal" transformation from the republican professional publication, founded in 1957 in the Ukrainian SSR, to a modern journal of Ukrainian historians. Esseys and materials connected with the journal's history are published consisting of two main segments: 1) materials covering the history of Ukraine in the Soviet and post-Soviet times; 2) esseys with analytical interpretation of journal's publications and its changes with regards to the defi nite problems, topics, periods and epochs of the history of Ukraine, in particular, history of the Middle Ages and early modern history, history of the XIXth — the early XXth centuries, the Ukrainian revolution of 1917-1921, inter-war and post-war history of Soviet Ukrsine, Ukrainian dimension of the history of World War II, and also studying the problems of the world history in the journal's publications, etc.

Lessons of World War II and Strategic Planning of the Big Three (1945–1949)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-84
Author(s):  
I. E. Magadeev
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Far East ◽  
The United States ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
Post War

The paper examines how military and political leaders of the Soviet Union, the United States and Great Britain assessed in the first post-war years and in the face of emerging bipolar world order the lessons of World War II, how the latter influenced their strategic planning and forecasts with the emergence of nuclear weapons. The author outlines the key features of this period (1945–1949), including still fresh memories of the unprecedented destruction and losses of the past war, the US ‘nuclear monopoly’, and the absence of a system for nuclear deterrence. The paper provides a systematic comparison of lessons from the past war, learnt by the Soviet, the US and British establishment, identifies similarities and differences between them. The author concludes that WWII was perceived by the political and military leaders of that time as a model of the eventual ‘great war’ in the future, which almost certainly would be ‘total’ and ‘global’ in scope and would demand both thorough preparations during the peacetime and the militarization of civil life. Indeed, the experience of WWII had greatly influenced the strategic and operational planning in the USSR, the USA and Great Britain in 1945–1949. Moscow prepared to face the potential aggression on its Western borders or in the Far East in order to avoid the mistakes of 1941. In Washington the decisionmakers acknowledged the Soviet superiority in conventional weapons and didn’t exclude the possibility that the Soviet Army could quickly establish control over the Western Europe and that the US military would have to retake it in a ‘new Operation Overlord’. The pessimistic outlook of the ‘defense of the Rhine’ was also shared in London, and the British military planned to evacuate the troops to the British Isles (‘shadow of Dunkirk’) and to focus on strategic bombing of the USSR and its allies. Even the appearance of nuclear weapons, that would dramatically alter the strategic context in the following years, played a relatively minor role in 1945–1949. The author concludes that the shadow of World War II and its lessons had a long-lasting effect on the post-war international relations.

scholarly journals A composer’s inner biography a sketch for the study of influences in Ljubica Maric’s oeuvre

Muzikologija ◽  
2004 ◽  
pp. 61-82
Author(s):  
Milin Melita
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Arnold Schoenberg ◽  
World War ◽  
Music School ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chamber Ensembles ◽  
Creative Transformation ◽  
Romantic Music ◽  
Post War

Attempting to investigate works of music through frank examination of possible influences is a delicate thing, sometimes maybe dangerous - as has been suggested by Jonathan Cross in his book, The Stravinsky Legacy. While the originality of a composer may appear to be threatened with such types of critique, for musicologists it is important to draw upon a deeper appreciation for how a composer searched for his/her own creative voice. The music of Ljubica Maric (1909-2003), one of the most important Serbian composers of the 20th century, has been chosen to demonstrate how composers need different influences during different phases of their maturation and how they deeply integrate them in order to create an individual utterance. Ljubica Maric first studied composition with Josip Slavenski at the Belgrade Music School (1925-29), and continued her studies with Josef Suk at the Master School of the Prague Conservatory (1929-32) where she obtained her diploma. Finally, she took Alois H?ba?s course in quarter-tone music at the same institution from 1936 to 1937. The works she composed during the 1930?s were characterized by a radical will to break ties with traditional, mainly romantic music, so she chose to be influenced by the free atonal pre-dodecaphonic works of Arnold Schoenberg. Following World War II, she introduced some changes of expression that were more in keeping with links from the past. Her music became tonally stabilized, and thematic-motivational developments were rediscovered, resulting in an expression that became milder. But the changes need not necessarily be linked exclusively to the post-war climate of socialist realism. Rather, the previous style may have met up with some type of impasse - the sort that confounds or ultimately transforms an artist. For Ljubica Maric, however, it appears she was never truly satisfied with her first post-war works (1945-1950). What is certain is that she composed nothing during the several years that preceded her first masterpiece, the cantata The Songs of Space (1956). It is however worth examining whether or not they were really "dry years". It is certain that for Ljubica Maric, they were fresh discoveries of Serbian traditional singing, both folk and church, poetic and artistic treasures of the Middle Ages - but she also revived earlier experiences (from the pre-war decade) that she had rejected at the time, mainly the music of Stravinsky, Bart?k and Slavenski. Although those influences can be detected in the score of The Songs of Space, the work has a strong individual imprint, an identity of its own. In the works that followed, The Passacaglia for orchestra and in several compositions belonging to the cycle Musica octoicha (Octoicha 1, The Byzantine Concerto, Ostinato super thema octoicha, The Threshold of Dreams) original traits of Ljubica Maric?s poetics became even more pronounced. The last works that she produced (in the 1980?s and 1990?s) are all for instrumental soloists or chamber ensembles. They continue with, and refine the main characteristics of the earlier ones. Ljubica Maric?s evolvement thus presents a search for originality of expression that was reached only after a process of selective assimilation and creative transformation of tradition had been fulfilled - but not until any "anxiety of influences" had been abandoned. It has been shown that Ljubica Maric, like other artists needed to be ready to be influenced, in order to absorb such influences in a creative way.

scholarly journals Pressure Control on Carton and Pallet Accumulation Conveyors: Bulk Container Conveyor Systems

1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
Post War

In the past fifteen years, following the post war days of World War II, the packaging and package handling industries have unquestionably made as much progress as was made up to the beginning of that period. Paper published with permission.

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