scholarly journals Autism-Current Status and Challenges in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rida Fatima Saeed ◽  
Sara Mumtaz ◽  
Asma Saleem Qazi ◽  
Uzma Saeed Awan ◽  
Nosheen Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Physical Disability ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Mental Disability ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Traditional Therapies ◽  
Actual Prevalence

Autism is a group of neuro-developmental disabilities. It has an early-onset and can be diagnosed up to 3 yearsof age. It is characterized by disturbances in child's socialization, communication and cognitive abilities, and anunusual repetitive and restricted behavior. The majority of subjects have comorbid conditions. Males are more1 affected than females.1 The prevalence of autism is increasing in the world that could be due to improvement in1 diagnostic procedures and awareness in public and its worldwide prevalence is around 1%.1In Pakistan, there is a lack of widespread awareness and understanding about autism. We do not have exactprevalence data on this disease in Pakistan. However, according to the Autism Society of Pakistan, there are2 probably 350,000 children with this disease in the country.2 But the actual prevalence is believed to be muchhigher. Many cases remain undiagnosed because of unawareness, lack of medical facilities and stigma that is3 attached to mental conditions in Pakistan. In Pakistan, the distribution of disabilities includes mentalretardation (MR), hearing impairment, visual impairment and physical disability. Autism is not considered as adisability in Pakistani society. Moreover, the term mental disability or cognition problem is considered as asocial stigma or disgrace. Therefore, many people do not disclose the condition to avoid stigma. Anotherimportant reason of undiagnosed cases is lack of medical facilities and untrained doctors that categories autism under intellectual disability that is another condition. Many people especially from rural areas opt traditional therapies or go to preachers for healing.

RURAL MEDICINE. CONDITION AND ISSUES

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Yuliya M. Beglyakova ◽  
◽  
Aleksander S. Shchirskii ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Rural Medicine ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Number Of Treatment ◽  
The Village

The article analyses the accessibility of medical facilities in rural areas of modern Russia and the specifics of their organization and development. The authors reveal causes why rural residents have much less opportunities to seek quality medical care than urban ones, what leads to a disparity between the inhabitants of the city and the village. The thesis is substantiated that state programmes that should make health services accessible to the rural population to a greater extent do not cope with the task at hand. An attempt is made to highlight the public’s response to the existing disparity in the health services of the villagers compared to urban dwellers. Such a reaction can be considered an outflow of people from rural areas, and an increase in self-medication among rural people as a result of the difficulty in obtaining health services. The decrease in the number of treatment facilities in rural areas leads to a deterioration in the medicine situation in rural areas. That, according to the authors of the article, justifies the need to study the issues associated with the provision of medical care to the rural population.

Lifeline Express: Hospital Train in Rural India

2021 ◽  
pp. 251660422197724
Author(s):  
Jashim Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Saima Siddiqui ◽  
Asma Ahmed ◽  
Kazi Pushpita Mim
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Medical Service ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Medical Team ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Quality Healthcare ◽  
The People ◽  
Medical Facilities

India’s medical service industry is an emerging force in Southeast Asia, which should be recognized. A large portion of the country’s GDP is being earned through this sector. Paradoxically, India’s rural sphere has always been highly deprived of medical facilities even in rudimentary level. This huge imbalance was previously an issue for India to reach to a footing through innovation. India still being a developing country has majority of people living in rural areas where quality healthcare is not only difficult to avail but sometimes even hard to access. In such circumstances, an initiative like Lifeline Express (LLE) has provided the people with access to quality healthcare which has been crucially needed. It is a very simple idea but incredibly complex in terms of execution throughout the whole region. The LLE is a hospital which moves throughout rural India in a form of a fully equipped train. Since 1991, this initiative in India has generated some commendable projects through which it has served many rural Indians. Through this case, it will be comprehensible of how the train and the medical team function and will show the limitations and challenges healthcare in India is facing and how LLE has proved its fantastic ability to fight with the constraints and make healthcare reach the doorsteps of the rural people. Despite the challenges and limitations, it is also been revealed how the journey of LLE has grown from a three-coach train to seven-coach train where patients get treatment of many diseases from the early 1990s to this day.

scholarly journals Lifeline Express: Hospital Train in Rural India

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
Jashim Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Saima Siddiqui ◽  
Asma Ahmed ◽  
Kazi Pushpita Mim
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Medical Service ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Medical Team ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Quality Healthcare ◽  
The People ◽  
Medical Facilities

India’s medical service industry is an emerging force in Southeast Asia, which should be recognized. A large portion of the country’s GDP is being earned through this sector. Paradoxically, India’s rural sphere has always been highly deprived of medical facilities even in rudimentary level. This huge imbalance was previously an issue for India to reach to a footing through innovation. India still being a developing country has majority of people living in rural areas where quality healthcare is not only difficult to avail but sometimes even hard to access. In such circumstances, an initiative like Lifeline Express (LLE) has provided the people with access to quality healthcare which has been crucially needed. It is a very simple idea but incredibly complex in terms of execution throughout the whole region. The LLE is a hospital which moves throughout rural India in a form of a fully equipped train. Since 1991, this initiative in India has generated some commendable projects through which it has served many rural Indians. Through this case, it will be comprehensible of how the train and the medical team function and will show the limitations and challenges healthcare in India is facing and how LLE has proved its fantastic ability to fight with the constraints and make healthcare reach the doorsteps of the rural people. Despite the challenges and limitations, it is also been revealed how the journey of LLE has grown from a three-coach train to seven-coach train where patients get treatment of many diseases from the early 1990s to this day.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF CULTURAL, SOCIAL, RELIGIOUS AND SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL FACTORS ON HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT, CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECT DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF ARCHITECTURE OF MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS IN YEMEN

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
T. Kolesnikova ◽  
Mohammed Hasan Al'-Nahari
Keyword(s):  
Current Status ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Current State ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Spatial Environment ◽  
Institu Tions ◽  
Technical Factors ◽  
Psychological Assistance

the article analyzes the influence of cultural, social, religious, scientific and technical factors on the histori-cal development, current status and future directions of development of the architecture of medical institu-tions in Yemen. The research attempted to study the features of the work of medical institutions in Yemen. The study begins with a description of the literature on a general overview of the location, geographic sec-tions, climate and economy of the port city of Yemen. The study describes the problems and factors that influence the design of medical institutions in Yemen. The current situation demonstrates a tendency to-wards centralization of attention on the patient himself and the doctor-patient system. The hospital should create the most comfortable conditions for the patient, and the medical staff acts as consultants. That is, pa-tients should receive maximum attention, sympathy and psychological assistance. Based on this position, architectural decisions should take into account the relationship between the doctor and the patient. The ar-chitectural design of medical facilities in hot climates should be carried out taking into account the regional characteristics of the environment. The choice of a construction site for the architectural and planning organ-ization of a network of medical institutions for children and adults must be made based on the general con-ditions for the development of the city and its suburban area. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study are the provisions and conclusions of the works of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of development of the architecture of medical institutions. The research used materials from scientific seminars and conferences. In the process of research, a systematic approach and logical analysis methods were used. The scientific literature notes that the modern concept of the formation of the architectural and spatial environment of urban hospitals is associated with modern medical technologies, as well as with the increasing role of medical institutions at the present stage.

Case Study in Globalization of Hospitals

2008 ◽  
pp. 2115-2120
Author(s):  
Yi-chen Lan ◽  
Bhuvan Unhelkar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Administrative Staff ◽  
Patient Access ◽  
Health It ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Tremendous Importance ◽  
Real Patients

This chapter demonstrates the application of the GET process in the area of Tele-health, to a hospital. The reason for selecting the domain of Tele-health for this exercise is significant. In the modern communication age, there are still many situations where people who are in pain and/or have an acute need for help have to travel hundreds of miles just to be close to a physician or a healthcare specialist. This scenario is exacerbated by overworked physicians and surgeons, and ever shrinking funds for health care from governments and other funding bodies. Thus the need for, and the value of, being able to provide medical facilities and support by utilizing technology is at its highest leading us to believe in the extreme importance of Tele-health in today’s world. Tele-health is all about the use of technology to ease the ability to provide medical care beyond physical distances, especially in rural areas. Tele-health is also about alleviating the routine pressures on doctors beyond the needs of their own specialist or generalist skills. Tele-health goes further beyond patients and doctors, and also involves education, research and administration in the field of medicine. Given this tremendous importance of Tele-health, it is appropriate that the concepts of globalization discussed in this book, in all its previous chapters, are applied to a case study that deals with a hospital. In this chapter, we have appropriately considered the area of hospital management and patient access to care, in demonstrating the concepts of the GET process, as applied to a hospital. Needless to say, this remains a relatively small part of the overall effort required in globalizing a hospital. Nonetheless, we believe this is an excellent demonstration of most of the concepts discussed here. This chapter results from our attempts at verifying in practice the principles discussed in this book. Therefore, although the entire case study is hypothetical, it has its roots in a real life hospital, with real doctors, nurses, administrative staff, and of course, real patients. By considering the application of GET to Tele-health, we hope we will not only demonstrate the process to our readers, but also show how this process will come in handy in the health domain where globalization is going to become extremely important.

scholarly journals Policies and Challenges on the Distribution of Specialists and Subspecialists in Rural Areas of Iran

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 783
Author(s):  
Mirmoeini ◽  
Marashi Shooshtari ◽  
Battineni ◽  
Amenta ◽  
Tayebati
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Mesh Term ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
The Status ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Ottawa Scale

Background and objectives: Having fair access to medical services may probably be a standard feature and indisputable right of all health policies. The health policy of Iran enunciates this right. Unfortunately, as may happen in many countries, the execution of this policy depends on different factors. Among these parameters, the suitable distribution of professionals, hospitals, and medical facilities should be quoted. On the other hand, in Iran, there are many other problems linked to accessing areas with natural hindrances. Materials and methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed and CINAHL libraries, specifically studies from 2010 to 2019. A Boolean operated medical subject headings (MeSH) term was used for the search. Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) scoring was adopted to assess the quality of each study. Results: A total of 118 studies were displayed, and among them, 102 were excluded due to duplication and study relevance. Study selection was made based on content classified into two groups: (1) shortage and unsuitable distribution of specialist and subspecialist physicians in Iran and (2) studies that explained the status of degradation in different areas of Iran. Outcomes demonstrated that Iran is generally suffering a shortage and unsuitable distribution of specialists and subspecialists. This lack is particularly crucial in deprived and areas far away from the cities. Conclusions: The present study analyzed in detail research studies regarding policies and challenges that reflect on the provision of specialists and subspecialists in Iranian rural areas

Case Study in Globalization of Hospitals

2005 ◽  
pp. 159-231
Author(s):  
Yi-chen Lan ◽  
Bhuvan Unhelkar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Administrative Staff ◽  
Patient Access ◽  
Health It ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Tremendous Importance ◽  
Real Patients

This chapter demonstrates the application of the GET process in the area of Tele-health, to a hospital. The reason for selecting the domain of Tele-health for this exercise is significant. In the modern communication age, there are still many situations where people who are in pain and/or have an acute need for help have to travel hundreds of miles just to be close to a physician or a healthcare specialist. This scenario is exacerbated by overworked physicians and surgeons, and ever shrinking funds for health care from governments and other funding bodies. Thus the need for, and the value of, being able to provide medical facilities and support by utilizing technology is at its highest leading us to believe in the extreme importance of Tele-health in today’s world. Tele-health is all about the use of technology to ease the ability to provide medical care beyond physical distances, especially in rural areas. Tele-health is also about alleviating the routine pressures on doctors beyond the needs of their own specialist or generalist skills. Tele-health goes further beyond patients and doctors, and also involves education, research and administration in the field of medicine. Given this tremendous importance of Tele-health, it is appropriate that the concepts of globalization discussed in this book, in all its previous chapters, are applied to a case study that deals with a hospital. In this chapter, we have appropriately considered the area of hospital management and patient access to care, in demonstrating the concepts of the GET process, as applied to a hospital. Needless to say, this remains a relatively small part of the overall effort required in globalizing a hospital. Nonetheless, we believe this is an excellent demonstration of most of the concepts discussed here. This chapter results from our attempts at verifying in practice the principles discussed in this book. Therefore, although the entire case study is hypothetical, it has its roots in a real life hospital, with real doctors, nurses, administrative staff, and of course, real patients. By considering the application of GET to Tele-health, we hope we will not only demonstrate the process to our readers, but also show how this process will come in handy in the health domain where globalization is going to become extremely important.

scholarly journals The Nexus Between Agriculture and Tourism in the Island of Crete, Greece

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
John Vourdoubas
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Mass Tourism ◽  
Policies And Measures ◽  
New Policies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Two Sectors

The relationship between agriculture and tourism in the island of Crete, Greece has been studied. Both agriculture and the tourism industry contribute more than 50% in the Gross Domestic Product of the island. The linkages between agriculture and tourism in many tourism-dominated communities and rural areas worldwide have been reviewed. The current status of agriculture and the tourism industry in Crete has been examined as well as the agro-tourism development in the island during the last few decades which is considered a typical example of agriculture-tourism cooperation. The healthy tasty Cretan diet is based on locally produced food ingredients and it is famous all over the world. Therefore, it could be further promoted by the tourism industry in the island. Increased use of local gastronomy could improve the competitiveness of the Cretan tourism industry which is currently based on mass tourism and the “sea, sun and sand” model. This could be a springboard to the local agricultural production of the island to partly cover the demand for catering in the tourism industry. Various new policies and measures are required for increasing the linkages in these two sectors. The use of locally produced agricultural products would replace foodstuff transported to the island from long distances, reducing the carbon emissions due to their transportation. Strengthening the linkages between agriculture and tourism in Crete would trigger growth in both sectors, offering many economic, social and environmental benefits to the island.

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