scholarly journals Policies and Challenges on the Distribution of Specialists and Subspecialists in Rural Areas of Iran

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 783
Author(s):  
Mirmoeini ◽  
Marashi Shooshtari ◽  
Battineni ◽  
Amenta ◽  
Tayebati
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Mesh Term ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
The Status ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Ottawa Scale

Background and objectives: Having fair access to medical services may probably be a standard feature and indisputable right of all health policies. The health policy of Iran enunciates this right. Unfortunately, as may happen in many countries, the execution of this policy depends on different factors. Among these parameters, the suitable distribution of professionals, hospitals, and medical facilities should be quoted. On the other hand, in Iran, there are many other problems linked to accessing areas with natural hindrances. Materials and methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed and CINAHL libraries, specifically studies from 2010 to 2019. A Boolean operated medical subject headings (MeSH) term was used for the search. Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) scoring was adopted to assess the quality of each study. Results: A total of 118 studies were displayed, and among them, 102 were excluded due to duplication and study relevance. Study selection was made based on content classified into two groups: (1) shortage and unsuitable distribution of specialist and subspecialist physicians in Iran and (2) studies that explained the status of degradation in different areas of Iran. Outcomes demonstrated that Iran is generally suffering a shortage and unsuitable distribution of specialists and subspecialists. This lack is particularly crucial in deprived and areas far away from the cities. Conclusions: The present study analyzed in detail research studies regarding policies and challenges that reflect on the provision of specialists and subspecialists in Iranian rural areas

The study of Iranian children and adolescents’ physical activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel Alizadeh ◽  
Reza Negarandeh ◽  
Fahimehe Bagheri Amiri ◽  
Zahra Yazdani
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Status ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Iranian Children

Abstract Objectives This systematic and meta-analysis review was conducted to determine the status of Iranian children and adolescents’ physical activity. Content All the related articles which were published in the major databases, including Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Magiran, SID from the beginning of 2010 to the end of 2019, were reviewed by researchers. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was also used to evaluate the quality of articles. Moreover, I 2 index and chi-square were used to assess the heterogeneity between the results. Summary 490 articles were found as a result of the search in the selected international and local databases, where finally, 10 articles were included into the meta-analysis after the elimination of the duplicated articles and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results indicated that 29.5% of the girls were considered active according to WHO criteria (16.1–42.8: 95% CI) and also 20.5% of the boys (7.3–33.7: 95% CI). Outlook Overall, this study’s findings showed that a large percentage of Iranian children and adolescents do not achieve the level of physical activity recommended by the World Health Organization. This can lead to undesirable consequences for this group of population that is considered as the human capital of any country; consequently, it seems necessary to take basic measures at the micro and macro levels in order to reduce such problems in the society.

The promise of Telemedicine in Pakistan: A Systematic Review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Sarosh Mahdi ◽  
Franceso Amenta ◽  
Raheel Allana ◽  
Gopi Battineni 3rd ◽  
Tamsal Khalid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Implementation Costs ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Good Support ◽  
Ottawa Scale

BACKGROUND Telemedicine is a medical practice of assisting remote patients and it has great potential in developing countries like Pakistan. Telemedicine solves the logistical barriers, deliver good support to weak health systems and unite worldwide networks of healthcare personals. Because of high implementation costs, yet it is not possible to adopt telehealth systems for low and middle-income nations. OBJECTIVE In this systematic review, we aim to present an update revision of region-based telemedical services in Pakistan. METHODS Libraries such as PubMed (Medline), CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Scopus (EMBASE) and Google Scholar were used for document search. Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) is adopted to conduct study quality. Majority of the studies (n-8) included in the review were of high quality as assessed through the Newcastle Ottawa scale. Selected study characteristics further analyzed based on different parameters such as publication year, sample size, study design, methods, motivation and outcomes. RESULTS Search produced 955 articles and 11 items were ultimately selected to conduct the review. These studies further characterized as region-based telemedicine implementation. Out of 11, eight studies were conducted in the urban region and three studies were conducted in the rural areas of Pakistan. Majority of studies produced evidence on telehealth interventions by smartphone services like SMS, apps and web-based telemedicine. CONCLUSIONS Telehealth interventions like mHealth, eHealth, telemedicine, and telepharmacy are starting to evaluate for the last two decades but certainly needs to become an integral part of Pakistan's current health infrastructure.

scholarly journals The Quality of Life of Coronavirus Disease Survivors Living in Rural and Urban Area of Riau Province, Indonesia

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Suyanto Suyanto ◽  
Shashi Kandel ◽  
Rahmat Azhari Kemal ◽  
Arfianti Arfianti
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Status ◽  
Rural And Urban Area

This study assesses the status of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among coronavirus survivors living in rural and urban districts in Riau province, Indonesia. The cross-sectional study was conducted among 468 and 285 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) survivors living in rural and urban areas, respectively in August 2021. The St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) was used to measure the HRQOL of COVID-19 survivors. A higher total score domain corresponds to worse quality of life status. Quantile regression with the respect to 50th percentile found a significant association for the factors living in rural areas, being female, having comorbidities, and being hospitalized during treatment, with total score of 4.77, 2.43, 7.22, and 21.27 higher than in their contra parts, respectively. Moreover, having received full vaccination had the score 3.96 in total score. The HRQOL of COVID-19 survivors living in rural areas was significantly lower than in urban areas. Factors such as living in rural areas, female sex, having comorbidities, and history of symptomatic COVID-19 infection were identified as significant predictors for lower quality of life. Meanwhile, having full vaccination is a significant predictor for a better quality of life. The results of this study can provide the targeted recommendations for improvement of HRQOL of COVID-19 survivors.

scholarly journals Status of the quality of education and accountability unit in the educational process from the point of view of the principals of Kasbah Al Mafraq schools: واقع الاستفادة من وحدة جودة التعليم والمساءلة في العملية التربوية من وجهة نظر مديري مدارس قصبة المفرق بالأردن

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muneera Abdalkareem Alshdefat
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Educational Leaders ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Development Methodology ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Status

This Present study aimed at finding out the Status of the quality of education and accountability unit in the educational process from the point of view of the principals of Kasbah Al Mafraq schools To achieve the goal of the study, a descriptive development methodology was developed, which was developed in three areas (evaluation criteria, cooperation and coordination, feedback and incentives) (21) items, and verified their validity and stability, and then distributed to the sample of the study consisting of (167) managers and directors in schools Kasbah Mafraq. The study results showed that the degree of appreciation and the reality of Status of the quality of education and accountability unit in the educational process from the point of view of the principals of Kasbah Al Mafraq schools was at low degree The average of the tool as a whole was (2.00) with a standard deviation of (.55) and at the level of domains, All of them were rated low, with feedback and incentives having the highest average (2.09) followed by evaluation criteria (2.00) and cooperation and coordination (1.90), and the results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in The study sample of the Status of the quality of education and accountability unit in the educational process from the point of view of the principals of Kasbah Al Mafraq schools, according to gender, at the macro level of the instrument and on all dimensions. The study recommended in light of those results the necessity for that efforts should be join efforts to support and deepen the concept of quality of education and accountability, cooperation and coordination between the quality unit of education and accountability and educational leaders, and try to provide incentives and thanks to those who deserve it, to achieve the concept of guidance and support.

The Status and Financing of Off-System Bridges

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-26
Author(s):  
Norman Walzer ◽  
Lori A. Sutton ◽  
Steven C. Deller
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Federal Aid ◽  
Bridge Program ◽  
Federal Highway ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Status ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Alternative Means

The network of off-system bridges supporting the rural economy has been a concern for a long time. Federal Highway Administration data show that 31.4% of the bridges off the federal aid system qualify for replacement and/or rehabilitation funds, the worst category under the federal bridge program. Although there is some evidence that the quality of these bridges has marginally improved in recent years, the sheer number of deficient bridges in rural areas necessitates major expenses for rural local governments in the future. Study results suggest, however, that local highway officials expect to be able to spend far less than what they believe the system requires. The outcome is that part of the transportation backbone of the rural economy is at risk, and additional sources of revenue and/or alternative means for reinvesting in the bridge network are needed.

scholarly journals Depression, anthropometric parameters, and body image in adults: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Silva ◽  
Lara Ferriani ◽  
Maria Carmen Viana
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Employed Women ◽  
Language Restriction ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ottawa Scale

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between depression, anthropometric parameters and body image in adults through a systematic review of the literature. METHOD: Medline, Lilacs and PsycInfo databases were searched by two independent reviewers up to August 2018, without language restriction, including cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies in adults (18-65 years), of both genders. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale instrument. The PRISMA standards were adopted for the conduct of this review, whose protocol is registered in PROSPERO, number CRD42018105248. RESULTS: The search resulted in 1,770 articles; however, a total of 5 articles were included in this review, whose designs were transversal. Quality scores ranged from 8 to 9 points. The association between depression, anthropometric parameters, and body image was found in all included studies, regardless of the different statistical methods employed. Women perceived their body larger than it really was by idealizing a lean body, whereas in men the perception of being underweight or dissatisfaction was observed by idealizing a larger body, both conditions were associated with the presence of depression or depressive symptoms and body mass index in the same time. CONCLUSION: Depression, anthropometric parameters and body image were associated. It is necessary to conduct other studies, especially longitudinal studies to elucidate the relationship among depression, weight, body image, and other associated factors.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Sarcopenia and Its Association With Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of Community-Dwelling Asian Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Min Chung ◽  
Jun Sung Moon ◽  
Min Cheol Chang
Keyword(s):  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Diabetic Population ◽  
Ottawa Scale

Purpose: Sarcopenia is a major disease affecting mortality and quality of life in the elderly population. We performed a meta-analysis of studies on the community-dwelling population to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia and its association with diabetes.Methods: Databases were searched for studies published up to February 3, 2021, reporting the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with and without diabetes. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.Results: Six articles were included in the systematic review. All the patients were Asian, aged ≥60 years (women 53.4%), and the diabetic and non-diabetic population was 1,537 and 5,485, respectively. In all six studies, the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria were used to diagnose sarcopenia. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 15.9% in diabetics and 10.8% in non-diabetics. Diabetics showed a significantly higher risk of sarcopenia than non-diabetics (pooled OR = 1.518, 95% CI = 1.110 to 2.076, Z-value = 2.611, p = 0.009).Conclusion: Among the Asian community-dwelling geriatric population, the prevalence of sarcopenia was significantly higher in diabetics than in non-diabetics. These results suggest that strategies for the management of sarcopenia are required in Asian elderly patients, especially with diabetes.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in the management of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gollapalle L Viswanatha ◽  
CH K V L S N Anjana Male ◽  
Hanumanthappa Shylaja
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Soc Control ◽  
Ottawa Scale

AbstractBackgroundThis systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab (TCZ) in treating severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).MethodsThe electronic search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL, and Google scholar to identify the retrospective observational reports. The studies published from 01 January 2020 to 30th September 2020. Participants were hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Interventions included tocilizumab versus placebo/standard of care. The comparison will be between TCZ versus standard of care (SOC)/placebo. Inconsistency between the studies was evaluated with I2 and quality of the evidences were evaluated by Newcastle-Ottawa scale.ResultsBased on the inclusion criteria there were 24 retrospective studies involving 5686 subjects were included. The outcomes of the meta-analysis have revealed that the TCZ has reduced the mortality (M-H,RE-OR −0.11(−0.18 to −0.04) 95% CI, p =0.001, I2 =88%) and increased the incidences of super-infections (M-H, RE-OR 1.49(1.13 to 1.96) 95% CI, p=0.004, I2=47%). However, there is no significant difference in ICU admissions rate (M-H, RE-OR −0.06(−0.23 to 0.12), I2=93%), need of MV (M-H, RE-OR of 0.00(−0.06 to 0.07), I = 74%), LOS (IV −2.86(−0.91 to 3.38), I2=100%), LOS-ICU (IV: −3.93(−12.35 to 4.48), I2=100%), and incidences of pulmonary thrombosis (M-H, RE-OR 1.01 (0.45 to 2.26), I2=0%) compared to SOC/control.ConclusionBased on cumulative low to moderate certainty evidence shows that TCZ could reduce the risk of mortality in hospitalized patients. However, there is no statistically significant difference observed between the TCZ and SOC/control groups in other parameters.

scholarly journals Efficiency and Quality of Data Collection Among Public Mental Health Surveys Conducted During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review

10.2196/25118 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. e25118
Author(s):  
Yu-Hsuan Lin ◽  
Chung-Yen Chen ◽  
Shiow-Ing Wu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Public Mental Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Ottawa Scale

Background The World Health Organization has recognized the importance of assessing population-level mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. During a global crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic, a timely surveillance method is urgently needed to track the impact on public mental health. Objective This brief systematic review focused on the efficiency and quality of data collection of studies conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We searched the PubMed database using the following search strings: ((COVID-19) OR (SARS-CoV-2)) AND ((Mental health) OR (psychological) OR (psychiatry)). We screened the titles, abstracts, and texts of the published papers to exclude irrelevant studies. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to evaluate the quality of each research paper. Results Our search yielded 37 relevant mental health surveys of the general public that were conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, as of July 10, 2020. All these public mental health surveys were cross-sectional in design, and the journals efficiently made these articles available online in an average of 18.7 (range 1-64) days from the date they were received. The average duration of recruitment periods was 9.2 (range 2-35) days, and the average sample size was 5137 (range 100-56,679). However, 73% (27/37) of the selected studies had Newcastle-Ottawa Scale scores of <3 points, which suggests that these studies are of very low quality for inclusion in a meta-analysis. Conclusions The studies examined in this systematic review used an efficient data collection method, but there was a high risk of bias, in general, among the existing public mental health surveys. Therefore, following recommendations to avoid selection bias, or employing novel methodologies considering both a longitudinal design and high temporal resolution, would help provide a strong basis for the formation of national mental health policies.

scholarly journals The INSTRUCTION OF SCIENCE IN RURAL JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
Wiworo Retnadi Rias Hayu ◽  
Anna Permanasari ◽  
Omay Sumarna ◽  
Sumar Hendayana
Keyword(s):  
Rural Schools ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Learning Activity ◽  
Learning Needs ◽  
Model Research ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Government ◽  
Taxonomy Development

The teacher is an essential component of learning. Learning that is often focused by the government is learning in urban schools. Even though rural schools also have the same right to consider. Longer distances and access to schools that are more difficult to reach causes a lack of attention in rural areas schools. Learning in rural areas also requires attention to improve the quality of teaching. Knowing learning activities in rural schools is very important because it will understand what learning needs to be improved. The purpose of the research is to find out how teaching science in rural schools. This research uses mixed methods with the Taxonomy Development Model research design.  The phase of QUAL  is carried out to identify important variables. The development of a taxonomy or classification system, the development of theories that are not yet stable, and supporting it is a test in the phase of QUAN to obtain more thorough study results. The findings of this study illustrate that learning begins with answering questions, so students are enthusiastic. The next learning activity showing films about the reproduction of students was very excited about learning. The obstacle found in learning is the lack of preparation in the learning that is done so that time is wasted to condition the video playback.

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