scholarly journals Attribute np control charts using resampling systems for monitoring non-conforming items under exponentiated half logistic distribution

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammara Tanveer ◽  
Muhammad Azam ◽  
Muhammad Aslam ◽  
Muhammad Shujaat Navaz
Keyword(s):  
Control Charts ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Logistic Distribution ◽  
Triangular Fuzzy Numbers ◽  
Rank Ordering ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Weighting Methods ◽  
Life Decision

Weight elicitation is an important part of multi-criteria decision analysis. In real-life decision-making problems precise information is seldom available, and providing weights is often cognitively demanding as well as very time- and effort-consuming. The judgment of decision-makers (DMs) de-pends on their knowledge, skills, experience, personality, and available information. One of the weights determination approaches is ranking the criteria and converting the resulting ranking into numerical values. The best known and most widely used are rank sum, rank reciprocal and centroid weights techniques. The goal of this paper is to extend rank ordering criteria weighting methods for imprecise data, especially fuzzy data. Since human judgments, including preferences, are often vague and cannot be expressed by exact numerical values, the application of fuzzy concepts in elicitation weights is deemed relevant. The methods built on the ideas of rank order techniques take into account imprecise information about rank. The fuzzy rank sum, fuzzy rank reciprocal, and fuzzy centroid weights techniques are proposed. The weights obtained for each criterion are triangular fuzzy numbers. The proposed fuzzy rank ordering criteria weighting methods can be easily implemented into decision support systems. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the practicality and validity of the proposed methods.

scholarly journals Ethical guidelines for the use of artificial intelligence and the challenges from value conflicts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Søbirk Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Ethical Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Value Conflict ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Value Conflicts ◽  
Life Decision

The aim of this article is to articulate and critically discuss different answers to the following question: How should decision-makers deal with conflicts that arise when the values usually entailed in ethical guidelines – such as accuracy, privacy, non-discrimination and transparency – for the use of Artificial Intelligence (e.g. algorithm-based sentencing) clash with one another? To begin with, I focus on clarifying some of the general advantages of using such guidelines in an ethical analysis of the use of AI. Some disadvantages will also be presented and critically discussed. Second, I will show that we need to distinguish between three kinds of conflict that can exist for ethical guidelines used in the moral assessment of AI. This section will be followed by a critical discussion of different answers to the question of how to handle what we shall call internal and external values conflicts. Finally, I will wrap up with a critical discussion of three different strategies to resolve what is called a ‘genuine value conflict’. These strategies are: the ‘accepting the existence of irresolvable conflict’ view, the ranking view, and value monism. This article defends the ‘accepting the existence of irresolvable conflict’ view. It also argues that even though the ranking view and value monism, from a merely theoretical (or philosophical) point of view, are better equipped to solve genuine value conflicts among values in ethical guidelines for artificial intelligence, this is not the case in real-life decision-making. Keywords: AI; ethical guidelines; algorithm-based sentencing; value conflicts

Battle over NatSteel: Undervaluation or Inimitable Foresight?

2004 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 133-172
Author(s):  
Ghee Soon Lim
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Senior Managers ◽  
Corporate World ◽  
Corporate History ◽  
Finance Law ◽  
Corporate Takeover ◽  
Management Buyout ◽  
The Many ◽  
Life Decision

On June 3, 2002, Singapore's longest corporate takeover battle broke out at NatSteel Ltd when its president Ang Kong Hua, together with his senior managers, launched a management buyout offer to acquire the only steel miller in Singapore. The management buyout offer for a government-linked company was unprecedented in terms of size. In the ensuing months, numerous twists and turns related to the saga emerged, making the takeover battle one of the most memorable and reported events in Singapore's corporate history. The long and winding case can be approached from three perspectives, namely, corporate finance, law, and strategic management. Readers would gain a lot of insight by looking at the case from all three perspectives instead of only one or two of them. A rich understanding of the dynamics of this case should help students understand and appreciate the many thorny and agonizing issues which real-life decision makers in the corporate world must face and address.

Cardinal and Rank Ordering of Criteria — Addressing Prescription within Weight Elicitation

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (06) ◽  
pp. 1299-1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aron Larsson ◽  
Mona Riabacke ◽  
Mats Danielson ◽  
Love Ekenberg
Keyword(s):  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Elicitation Method ◽  
Easy Method ◽  
Elicitation Methods ◽  
Precision Time ◽  
Simple Ratio

Weight elicitation methods in multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) are often cognitively demanding, require too much precision, time and effort. Some of the issues may be remedied by connecting elicitation methods to an inference engine facilitating a quick and easy method for decision-makers to use weaker input statements, yet being able to utilize these statements in a method for decision evaluation. In this paper, we propose a fast and practically useful weight elicitation method, answering to many of the requirements. The method builds on the ideas of rank-order methods, but can also take imprecise cardinal information into account. The method is subsequently employed in two real-life case studies and compared to a case where a simple ratio weight procedure using exact input statements was employed.

Disasters and Dilemmas: Strategies for Real-Life Decision Making.Adam Morton

Ethics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 382-385
Author(s):  
Jonathan E. Adler
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Life Decision

scholarly journals On Performance of Two-Parameter Gompertz-Based X¯ Control Charts

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Johnson A. Adewara ◽  
Kayode S. Adekeye ◽  
Olubisi L. Aako
Keyword(s):  
Control Chart ◽  
Coverage Probability ◽  
Control Charts ◽  
Average Run Length ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Gompertz Distribution ◽  
Real Life Data ◽  
Control Limits ◽  
Two Parameter

In this paper, two methods of control chart were proposed to monitor the process based on the two-parameter Gompertz distribution. The proposed methods are the Gompertz Shewhart approach and Gompertz skewness correction method. A simulation study was conducted to compare the performance of the proposed chart with that of the skewness correction approach for various sample sizes. Furthermore, real-life data on thickness of paint on refrigerators which are nonnormal data that have attributes of a Gompertz distribution were used to illustrate the proposed control chart. The coverage probability (CP), control limit interval (CLI), and average run length (ARL) were used to measure the performance of the two methods. It was found that the Gompertz exact method where the control limits are calculated through the percentiles of the underline distribution has the highest coverage probability, while the Gompertz Shewhart approach and Gompertz skewness correction method have the least CLI and ARL. Hence, the two-parameter Gompertz-based methods would detect out-of-control faster for Gompertz-based X¯ charts.

Decision-making styles in a real-life decision: Choosing a college major

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Galotti ◽  
Elizabeth Ciner ◽  
Hope E. Altenbaumer ◽  
Heather J. Geerts ◽  
Allison Rupp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
College Major ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Decision Making Styles ◽  
Life Decision

Optimal fuzzy scheduling and sequencing of multiple-period operating room

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Al-Refaie ◽  
Mays Judeh ◽  
Ming-Hsien Li
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Model ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Operating Rooms ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Optimization Models ◽  
Patients Satisfaction ◽  
Fuzzy Scheduling ◽  
Sequencing Problems

AbstractLittle research has considered fuzzy scheduling and sequencing problem in operating rooms. Multiple-period fuzzy scheduling and sequencing of patients in operating rooms optimization models are proposed in this research taking into consideration patient‘s preference. The objective of the scheduling optimization model is obtaining minimal undertime and overtime and maximum patients' satisfaction about the assigned date. The objective of sequencing the optimization model is both to minimize overtime and to maximize patients' satisfaction about the assigned time. A real-life case study from a hospital that offers comprehensive surgical procedures for all surgical specialties is considered for illustration. Research results showed that the proposed models efficiently scheduled and sequenced patients while considering their preferences and hospitals operating costs. In conclusion, the proposed optimization models may result in improving patient satisfaction, utilizing hospital's resources efficiently, and providing assistance to decision makers and planners in solving effectively fuzzy scheduling and sequencing problems of operating rooms.

scholarly journals Art of Formulating LPs and IPs from Real Life Problems

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-191
Author(s):  
Md Hasib Uddin Molla ◽  
M Babul Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Linear Constraints ◽  
Decision Problems ◽  
System Of Equations ◽  
Present Formulation ◽  
Real Life Problem ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
Life Decision

Formulation of LPs and IPs is a technique to convert real life decision problems into a mathematical model. This model consists of a linear objective function and a set of linear constraints expressed in the form of a system of equations or inequalities. In this paper, we present formulation from real life problem as an art. We discuss formulation through real life example and solve them using computer techniques AMPL and LINDO. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v61i2.17068 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 61(2): 185-191, 2013 (July)

scholarly journals X̅ and R control charts based on marshall-olkin inverse log-logistic distribution for positive skewed data

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
O. L. Aako ◽  
J. A. Adewara ◽  
K. S Adekeye ◽  
E. B. Nkemnole
Keyword(s):  
Control Chart ◽  
Control Charts ◽  
Average Run Length ◽  
Logistic Distribution ◽  
Skewed Data ◽  
Process Data ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Control Limits ◽  
Normally Distributed

The fundamental assumption of variable control charts is that the data are normally distributed and spread randomly about the mean. Process data are not always normally distributed, hence there is need to set up appropriate control charts that gives accurate control limits to monitor processes that are skewed. In this study Shewhart-type control charts for monitoring positively skewed data that are assumed to be from Marshall-Olkin Inverse Loglogistic Distribution (MOILLD) was developed. Average Run Length (ARL) and Control Limits Interval (CLI) were adopted to assess the stability and performance of the MOILLD control chart. The results obtained were compared with Classical Shewhart (CS) and Skewness Correction (SC) control charts using the ARL and CLI. It was discovered that the control charts based on MOILLD performed better and are more stable compare to CS and SC control charts. It is therefore recommended that for positively skewed data, a Marshall-Olkin Inverse Loglogistic Distribution based control chart will be more appropriate.

Conceptualizing Emergency Department Scenarios

2015 ◽  
pp. 1351-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Kaner ◽  
Tamar Gadrich ◽  
Shuki Dror ◽  
Yariv N. Marmor
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Management Staff ◽  
Ed Operations ◽  
Relevant Factors

To handle problems and trends in emergency department (ED) operations, designers and decision makers often simulate and evaluate various case-specific scenarios before testing them in a real-life environment. However, conceptualizing broad possible scenarios for ED operations prior to simulation operationalization is usually neglected. The authors developed a methodology that integrates design of simulation experiments (DSE) as follows: 1) From a literature survey, they culled generic factors whose varying levels determine possible scenarios; 2) the authors drew up a set of generic interactions among these generic factors; 3) a questionnaire was constructed to serve as an instrument to gather the relevant information from management staff about relevant factors, their levels and interactions for a specific ED. Questionnaire responses support a schematic conceptualization of scenarios that should be simulated for a specific ED. They illustrate the application of the authors' methodology for conceptualization of ED simulation scenarios in two different EDs.

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