RESEARCH HISTORY OF REPTILES OF THE WEST-KAZAKHSTAN REGION (REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN).  PART  1.  PRE-SOVIET PERIOD

The Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) considers conservation, research and conservation as a guarantee of ecosystem sustainability. One of the most pressing problems in the Republic of Kazakhstan is the conservation of biodiversity and the rational use of biological resources. Fungi as heterotrophic organisms play a vital role in the functioning of any ecosystem. Although the fungi depend on plants, leaning towards sufficiently closed connections with certain plant communities, plant communities, in turn, are not able to exist without fungi. The study of macromycetes as components of biogeocenosis, is impossible without studying their species composition. The lack of information about macromycetes in the regions under study prevents not only the diversification and exhaustion of the study of the corresponding ecosystem and the development of a comprehensive approach to the protection of natural resources in the department. Especially limited information about the microflora of the West Kazakhstan region, the introduction of only episodic data requires a review of the history of the study of mycobiotics. This is evidenced by the materials provided in this article.

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The Ethnographic Principle as a Phenomenon of History

Lietuvos istorijos studijos ◽

10.15388/lis.2021.47.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 8-29

Author(s):

Česlovas Laurinavičius

Keyword(s):

Central And Eastern Europe ◽

State Level ◽

Soviet Period ◽

Western World ◽

The West ◽

Modern Times ◽

Nation States ◽

Legal Legitimacy ◽

New States ◽

History Of

The concept of the ethnographic principle is rarely found in the literature, and there is hardly a legal qualification for it. However, historical material (in cases of the Lithuanian, Czech, Bulgarian and Polish peoples) indicates that the ethnographic principle is a significant political and geopolitical phenomenon. This phenomen is especialy characteristic of the development of the peoples of the region of Central and Eastern Europe. First, the ethnographic principle was closely related to the national principle, although it did not coincide with it. The concept of the ethnographic principle points to the special anatomy of nation states, where the basis is ethnic / linguistic culture. Secondly, the advancement of culture to the fore indicated the recognition of its significance, which had not happened before. Consequently, it was a question of freeing this culture from the restrictions imposed on it and even compensating for the damage caused to it. Thirdly, the culture, raised to the state level, needed appropriate guarantees for the future. The article reveals the tendency of great states at the level of their policies and propaganda to act according to the ethnographic principle, thereby encouraging the formation of national states. However, when the latter became a fact, another tendency arose: the Western world began to apply the criteria of a liberal civil society to new states (according to the principle of jus civis romanus sum). This was too hard for the new states. In this context, the alternative was the Soviet ethno-federalist protectorate, which, although under the conditions of a repressive system, actually continued to implement the projections of the ethnographic principle. A fixed paradox: the ethnographic principle, which originated in the West as a variant of democratization, gained strength thanks to Russia, while the West remained, as it were, in aristocratic opposition to this course. The ethnographic principle has not yet acquired a clearer legal legitimacy. But as a historical category, it can serve as a study of the history of Modern times, and especially the Soviet period.

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ON THE ACTUALIZATION OF SOURCE STUDIES IN THE LIGHT OF THE OPPOSITION TO THE FALSIFICATION OF HISTORICAL EVENTS OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE RUSSIAN REGIONS)

Region systems economics management ◽

10.22394/1997-4469-2021-53-2-79-87 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (53) ◽

pp. 79-87

Author(s):

L.M. Savushkin ◽

◽

 L.V. Kochetova ◽

 V. N. Pervushina ◽

 V. S. Ostapenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

Research Work ◽

Educational Process ◽

Soviet Period ◽

World War ◽

The West ◽

Great Patriotic War ◽

Source Studies ◽

History Of ◽

The Impact

Subject. Source studies and historiography of the war years, dynamics and forms of development under the influence of the Union and regional authorities. Topic. The impact of the source studies of the war period in the light of the opposition to the falsification of military events. Goals. Analysis of regional practice in the field of source studies of the war years from the standpoint of historical truth, directed against the falsification of the events of the heroic period. 81 № 2 (53), 2021 РЕГИОН: системы, экономика, управление Methodology. Methods of logical, retrospective and comparative analysis of the forms and methods of using the source base in the «West-East» format. Results. On the basis of the analysis and evaluation of the documents, the trends in the development of source studies at different stages of the Soviet period are revealed, and in this regard, the regional peculiarities of the source base in covering the problems of the rear and front are noted. The actualization of source studies is due to the global confrontation between Russia and the West on the problems of interpreting many events of the Second World War and the Great Patriotic War. It reflects the urgent actions of the state authorities to strengthen the source base and create a national center for the study of the history of the Great Patriotic War in this regard. Scope of application. The sphere of youth policy, its formation and regulation at the mesolevel. Research materials can and should be used in the educational process, as well as in the research work of students. Conclusions. Updating and expanding the base of source studies of the war years is especially urgently needed at the present stage to ensure the coordination of research and educational activities in order to resist the attempts of the West to slander and distort the history of our country, including the war period. Key words: source studies, actualization, falsification, confrontation, World War II, Great Patriotic War, silence, distortion of events, «new concepts», Ministry of Defense, National Center

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HISTORICAL FALSE AND TRUTH OF A.I. SOLZHENITSYN. NOTES ON THE FIELDS OF HIS BOOKS

Historical and social-educational ideas ◽

10.17748/2075-9908-2019-11-2-58-72 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 58-72

Author(s):

Sergey A. KISLITSYN

Keyword(s):

Soviet Period ◽

Scientific Article ◽

Historical Science ◽

Historical Knowledge ◽

The West ◽

History Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Post Soviet Period ◽

Gulag Archipelago

Introduction. The scientific article discusses the views of A.I. Solzhenitsyn on the history of Russia, set out in his writings and in the collection of ideas “Russia, the West, Ukraine” about new dangers threatening world civilization, about the relationship between Russia and Ukraine. His famous manuscript “The GULAG Archipelago”, which played an important role in exposing Stalinism, has a large number of inaccuracies, especially when counting the number of victims of repression. He surpassed the books of V. Shalamov, R. Medvedev and others with extraordinary emotionality and the ultimate specification of the sufferings of prisoners. Fixed idea of A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s books is to recognize the GULAG as the main, almost the only, core of the USSR. A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s collections of historical and artistic texts “Red Wheel” and “Two Hundreds Years Together (1795-1995)” are also not full-fledged sources of historical knowledge.Methods. The author of this scientific article reveals the incorrectness of criticism by the writer of both American and Soviet historical science.Results. In the article analyzes the A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s controversial criticism of the B.N. Yeltsin’s reforms in Russia and the nationalist regime in modern Ukraine. The opposition writer was the ideologue of the destruction of the centralized state-empire in socialist times and remained so in the post-Soviet period.Conclusions. The metamorphosis of an eternally opposition writer has been revealed: anti-Stalinist, anti-Communist, anti-Soviet-traditionalist, anti-state, anti-liberal, Russian nationalist.

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Gun violence research: History of the federal funding freeze

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e521422013-003 ◽

2013 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Christine Jamieson

Keyword(s):

Federal Funding ◽

Gun Violence ◽

Research History ◽

History Of

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A note on John Hawkins (1761–1841) and the Hawkins archive

Archives of Natural History ◽

10.3366/anh.2000.27.2.261 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 261-268

Author(s):

R. J. CLEEVELY

Keyword(s):

Major Part ◽

Reference Lists ◽

The West ◽

History Of ◽

The 1960S

A note dealing with the history of the Hawkins Papers, including the material relating to John Hawkins (1761–1841) presented to the West Sussex Record Office in the 1960s, recently transferred to the Cornwall County Record Office, Truro, in order to be consolidated with the major part of the Hawkins archive held there. Reference lists to the correspondence of Sibthorp-Hawkins, Hawkins-Sibthorp, and Hawkins to his mother mentioned in The Flora Graeca story (Lack, 1999) are provided.

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Fictive Mode, ‘Journey to the West’, and Transformation of Space: ‘Ali Mubarak’s Discourses of Modernization

Comparative Critical Studies ◽

10.3366/e1744185408000062 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 331-358

Author(s):

WEN-CHIN OUYANG

Keyword(s):

Cultural Transformation ◽

Recent History ◽

Theoretical Principle ◽

Time And Space ◽

The West ◽

Arab Culture ◽

History Of ◽

Journey To The West

I begin my exploration of ‘Ali Mubarak (1823/4–1893) and the discourses on modernization ‘performed’ in his only attempt at fiction, ‘Alam al-Din (The Sign of Religion, 1882), with a quote from Guy Davenport because it elegantly sums up a key theoretical principle underpinning any discussion of cultural transformation and, more particularly, of modernization. Locating ‘Ali Mubarak and his only fictional work at the juncture of the transformation from the ‘traditional’ to the ‘modern’ in the recent history of Arab culture and of Arabic narrative, I find Davenport's pronouncement tantalizingly appropriate. He not only places the stakes of history and geography in one another, but simultaneously opens up the imagination to the combined forces of time and space that stand behind these two distinct yet related disciplines.

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