scholarly journals Russian Scientific Investigations in China in the Nineteenth Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-30
Author(s):  
Tatiana FEKLOVA 塔季扬娜·费克洛娃
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
Russian Scientific

Oken, Lorenz (1779–1851)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Gower
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
Style Of Thought

In the early nineteenth century, Oken was one of several German scientists who developed views about the metaphysical presuppositions of science, promoted by Kant and especially by Schelling in order to forge links between their scientific investigations and the prevailing Romantic style of thought. Oken’s particular concern was with biology, where he introduced bold taxonomic principles drawing on analogies with mathematical polarities and with our sensory and emotional capacities.

Towards the G. von Charasoff’s Legacy as a Crucial Point in Evolution of Russian Tradition Based on the Circular Flow Concept

2008 ◽  
pp. 133-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Klyukin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Literature ◽  
Crucial Point ◽  
Circular Flow ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
First Time

For the first time in Russian non-translated economic literature the legacy of G. von Charasoff as an economist and mathematician is introduced and investigated. The task to evaluate Charasoff’s contribution to Quesnay-Marx theory based on the circular flow principle is posed. An attempt is made to resolve it by considering Charasoff’s views in the context of evolution of Russian scientific investigations of Marx’s "Capital" during 1890-1910. It is shown that Charasoff’s reasoning and analytical tools represent a crucial point (or closing stage) of Russian analytical tradition which includes the theories of Tugan-Baranowsky, Dmitriev, Shaposhnikov and Bortkiewicz.

scholarly journals Tibetan medicine with respect to increased attention to the east in Russian society: The second half of the nineteenth century to early twentieth century

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-31
Author(s):  
Valeriy V. Suvorov ◽  
Anton R. Kiselev ◽  
Alexander S. Fedonnikov
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Tibetan Medicine ◽  
Experimental Medicine ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Scientific Medicine ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Early Twentieth Century

AbstractGrowing interest to Tibetan medicine among the Russian scientific community and popularisation of its practices in the Russian Empire metropolitan areas in the second half of the nineteenth century to early twentieth century concurred with on-going changes in perception of the Orient by Russian society, establishment of its positive image, increased interest to the elements of oriental culture and practices within the framework of the Silver Age values, and the development of the natural science and experimental medicine, both of which caused an improvement in the healthcare system in Russia. At the turn of the twentieth century, Russian society manifested an ambivalent attitude towards Tibetan medicine. On the one hand, there was an increasing interest to theoretical foundations, a desire for scientific understanding, and spread of the Tibetan medicine practical component in the sociocultural environment of the metropolitan society, previously unfamiliar with oriental traditions and beliefs. On the other hand, an issue of the possibilities and principles of Tibetan medical treatment had opposed Western scientific medicine, which produced many discussions and critical reviews. The controversy was repeatedly caused by the negative attitude towards principal metropolitan specialist in Tibetan medicine – Peter Badmaev and distrust to his activities, as opposed to the medical skills of actual lamas. Despite the fact that it was virtually impossible to integrate Tibetan medicine into the Russian healthcare system, interest in it became a factor of attraction to the East and the oriental culture in Russian society at the turn of the twentieth century.

scholarly journals A short history of scientific investigations on glaciers

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 4-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garry K.C. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Short History ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Natural Philosophers ◽  
Louis Agassiz

AbstractScientific investigations on valley glaciers engaged some of the greatest natural philosophers of the nineteenth century. Among these, Louis Agassiz has unique importance for he personifies the transition from the protoscientific period of de Saussure and Scheuchzer to the scientific one of Forbes and his successors. In this brief history I have attempted to connect the achievements of the past 50 years with the aspirations of our predecessors.“The air immediately above me seemed filled with rainbow-dust, for the ice-needles glittered with a thousand hues under the decomposition of light upon them, while the dark storm in the valley below offered a strange contrast to the brilliancy of the upper region in which I stood”.–Louis Agassiz“To myself, I confess that this now appears the strongest argument of all for considering the glacier as a united mass like a river, in which there is a nice equilibrium between the force of gravitation, acting by hydrostatic pressure, and the molecular resistance of the semi-solid; the degree of regularity of the law which connects the partial movements is wonderful, and I maintain that it is inexplicable except upon the viscous theory”.–James D. Forbes

scholarly journals Ernst Mach Dan Ekonomi Pikiran

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-60
Author(s):  
Karlina Supelli
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
Unity Of Science ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
Ernst Mach ◽  
Mechanistic Worldview ◽  
The Common ◽  
Theory And Experiment

Abstract: Ernst Mach stands as a representative figure of the positivist philosophy of science at the turn of the twentieth century, yet he is by far the most misunderstood scientist-philosopher. The misunderstanding is largely caused by his epistemological rejection of the use of hypothetical entities that are ordinarily posited by scientists. He also argued against the mechanistic worldview which dominated scientific investigations in the nineteenth century. This essay will demonstrate that Mach’s positivism differs from the earlier positivism of August Comte. His anti metaphysical stance is deeply-rooted in his physical phenomenology, guided by the economy of thought in pursuit of the unity of science. In Mach’s view, scientific theories are merely biological tools for organizing experience by means of the fewest possible concepts, and all metaphysical elements are to be eliminated from science as methodologically and epistemologically superfluous. But Mach’s thesis of the unification of science does not share the common concern of the logical positivists to reduce various scientific statements to physical language. While Mach’s philosophy of science clearly exhibits a miscalculation of the strength of scientific conceptual tools, his physical phenomenology serves as a bridge between theory and experiment which has proved to be fruitful. Keywords: The economy of thought, evolution, element, physical phenomenology, the unity of science, instrumentalism, emphirical realism.   Abstrak: Ernst Mach tampil sebagai tokoh representatif dari Filsafat Ilmu Pengetahuan positivis pada peralihan menuju abad ke-20, sekaligus sebagai ilmuwan-filsuf yang paling disalahpahami. Kesalahpahaman tersebut sebagian besar disebabkan oleh penolakan epitemologisnya terhadap penggunaan wujud-wujud hipotetis yang kerap diajukan oleh para ilmuwan. Ia juga melawan cara pandang mekanistis yang mendominasi penyelidikan ilmiah pada abad ke-19. Artikel ini memperlihatkan bahwa positivisme Mach berbeda dengan positivisme August Comte yang mendahuluinya. Pandangan anti-metafisis Mach berakar sangat dalam pada fisika fenomenologi yang dipandu oleh ekonomi pikiran untuk mencapai sains terpadu. Dalam pandangan Mach, teori-teori ilmiah semata-mata sarana biologis untuk menata pengalaman dengan memanfaatkan sesedikit mungkin konsep, dan semua elemen metafisika perlu disingkirkan dari sains karena secara metodologis dan epistemologis tidak bermanfaat. Namun, tesis Mach tentang sains terpadu tidak sejalan dengan gagasan para positivis logis yang mereduksi berbagai macam pernyataan ilmiah ke dalam bahasa fisika. Sementara Filsafat Ilmu Pengetahuan Mach jelas-jelas keliru dalam memperhitungkan kekuatan piranti-piranti konseptual sains, fisika fenomenologi yang menjembatani teori dan eksperimen telah terbukti sangat bermanfaat. Kata-kata kunci: Ekonomi pikiran, evolusi, elemen, fisika fenomenologi, sains terpadu, instrumentalisme, realisme empiris.

Pioneers in Optics: Joseph Jackson Lister and Maksymilian Pluta

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
Michael W. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Instruments ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
Powerful Means

Though microscopes and telescopes had been invented in the late sixteenth century, various optical difficulties meant that the devices were more commonly considered novelties than useful scientific instruments for many years. Chief among these problems were aberrations in the images caused by optical errors from the lenses. Many scientists had attempted to rectify such difficulties, but the nineteenth-century amateur microscopist Joseph Jackson Lister is credited with making some of the most important advances toward correcting image aberrations and establishing the microscope as a powerful means of carrying out serious scientific investigations.

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