scholarly journals Microevolutionary trend in Pratylenchus coffeae sensu stricto (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae): the diversity in PCR-RFLP phenotype, compatibility on host plants and reproductive segregation

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Mizukubo ◽  
Yukio Orui ◽  
Kaoru Hanada ◽  
Zenichi Sano
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Pratylenchus Coffeae ◽  
Pcr Rflp

scholarly journals Update and New Epidemiological Aspects about Grapevine Yellows in Chile

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás Quiroga ◽  
Camila Gamboa ◽  
Daniela Soto ◽  
Ana Maria Pino ◽  
Alan Zamorano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Alternative Host ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Grapevine Yellows ◽  
Rubus Ulmifolius ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Study Management

To date, phytoplasmas belonging to six ribosomal subgroups have been detected to infect grapevines in Chile in 36 percent of the sampled plants. A new survey on the presence of grapevine yellows was carried out from 2016 to 2020, and 330 grapevine plants from the most important wine regions of the country were sampled and analyzed by nested PCR/RFLP analyses. Phytoplasmas enclosed in subgroups 16SrIII-J and 16SrVII-A were identified with infection rates of 17% and 2%, respectively. The vineyards in which the phytoplasma-infected plants were detected were further inspected to identify alternative host plants and insects of potential epidemiological relevance. Five previously unreported plant species resulted positive for 16SrIII-J phytoplasma (Rosa spp., Brassica rapa, Erodium spp., Malva spp. and Rubus ulmifolius) and five insect species were fully or partially identified (Amplicephalus ornatus, A. pallidus, A. curtulus, Bergallia sp., Exitianus obscurinervis) as potential vectors of 16SrIII-J phytoplasmas. The 16SrVII-A phytoplasmas were not detected in non-grape plant species nor in insects. This work establishes updated guidelines for the study, management, and prevention of grapevine yellows in Chile, and in other grapevine growing regions of South America.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of the Fusarium graminearum Species Complex in Japan

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Suga ◽  
G. W. Karugia ◽  
T. Ward ◽  
L. R. Gale ◽  
K. Tomimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Differential Distribution ◽  
The North ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum Species Complex

Members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex are important cereal pathogens worldwide and belong to one of at least nine phylogenetically distinct species. We examined 298 strains of the F. graminearum species complex collected from wheat or barley in Japan to determine the species and trichothecene chemotype. Phylogenetic analyses and species-diagnostic polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLPs) revealed the presence and differential distribution of F. graminearum sensu stricto (s. str.) and F. asiaticum in Japan. F. graminearum s. str. is predominant in the north, especially in the Hokkaido area, while F. asiaticum is predominant in southern regions. In the Tohoku area, these species co-occurred. Trichothecene chemotyping of all strains by multiplex PCR revealed significantly different chemotype compositions of these species. All 50 strains of F. graminearum s. str. were of a 15- or 3-acetyl deoxynivalenol type, while 173 (70%) out of 246 strains of F. asiaticum were of a nivalenol type. The possibility of gene flow between the two species was investigated by use of 15 PCR-RFLP markers developed in this study. However, no obvious hybrids were detected from 98 strains examined, including strains collected from regions where both species co-occur.

scholarly journals New species within Candida parapsilosis and Candida glabrata

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Dariusz Domański ◽  
Magdalena Anna Sikora ◽  
Robert Tomasz Kuthan ◽  
Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć ◽  
Ewa Swoboda-Kopeć
Keyword(s):  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Secondary Alcohol ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
D2 Domain ◽  
Dehydrogenase Gene ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Secondary Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Candida Nivariensis

Introduction: Candida parapsilosis and Candida glabrata are another yeasts that form complexes of crypospecies. Although these species have been described more than a decade ago, knowledge about them is still limited. The reason for this is the large phenotypic similarity that unables them from being differentiated by classical diagnostic methods. The aim of the study was to identify species of clinical strains within C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis complexes. Material and methods: Standard PCR-RFLP of the secondary alcohol dehydrogenase gene (SADH) with BanI restriction enzyme served to determine species affiliation within the C. parapsilosis complex. The internal transcribed spacer was used to confirm the identification of C. glabrata sensu stricto. The D1/D2 domain of the 26S rDNA gene was sequenced in order to identify C. nivariensis and C. bracarensis strains. Results: As a result of the molecular analysis, 24 Candida nivariensis isolates and 4 C. metapsilosis strains and 9 C. orthopsilosis strains were detected. Conclusions: Prevalence of new cryptic species was relatively low.

scholarly journals Gall-inducing arthropods in a Neotropical savanna area in the EPA of Rio Pandeiros (Bonito de Minas, MG, Brazil): effects of plant species richness and super-host abundance

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. e20206032
Author(s):  
Walter Santos de Araújo ◽  
Kelly Christie dos Santos Costa ◽  
Luana Teixeira Silveira ◽  
Érica Vanessa Durães de Freitas ◽  
Yule Roberta Ferreira Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Neotropical Savanna ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Arthropod Species ◽  
Environmental Protection Area

Several plant-related factors can influence the diversity of gall-inducing species communities. In the present study we performed an inventory of gall-inducing arthropods and we tested if the plant species richness and the abundance of super-host plants (Copaifera oblongifolia) influenced positively in the diversity of gall-inducing arthropod species. The study was realized in an area of Neotropical savanna (cerrado sensu stricto) in the Environmental Protection Area (EPA) of Rio Pandeiros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Host-plant species and gall-inducing arthropods were sampled in 18 10 × 10 m plots distributed in the vegetation. In total we found 40 arthropod gall morphotypes, distributed on 17 botanical families and 29 plant species. Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) induced the most arthropod galls (85%), and the plant family Fabaceae had the greatest richness of gall morphotypes (16). The plant species Copaifera oblongifolia and Andira humilis (Fabaceae) were the most important host species with five and three morphotypes, respectively. Galling species richness was not affected by none of explanatory variables (plant species richness and abundance of super-host plants). On the other hand, galling species per plant species was negatively affected by plant species richness and positively affected by abundance of super-host plants. This is the first study of arthropod-induced galls conducted in EPA of Rio Pandeiros, Brazil. Our results corroborate previous studies that highlight the importance of super-host plants for galling arthropod diversity on a local scale.

scholarly journals Insect galls from Serra Geral, Caetité, BA, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravena Malheiros Nogueira ◽  
Elaine Cotrim Costa ◽  
Sheila Patrícia Carvalho-Fernandes ◽  
Juliana Santos-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Associated Fauna ◽  
Insect Galls ◽  
First Time

We inventoried and characterized the kinds of gall, gall-inducing insects and host plants from Serra Geral between August 2013 and July 2014. Two phytophysiognomies, cerrado sensu stricto and caatinga-cerrado, were examined monthly along transects during ca. 4 hours per visit, totaling 48 hours of sampling effort. A total of 49 gall morphotypes were found on 14 species of host plants in 18 genera and 13 families. Fabaceae and Malpighiaceae were the families with the most galls, with 22 and 10 gall morphotypes, respectively. The genera of host plant with the greatest richness of galls were Copaifera L. (n=10), Bauhinia Benth. (n=6), and Mimosa L. (n=5). Galls were found on leaves, buds and stems. The majority of the galls were globoid, glabrous, isolated, and one-chambered. The inducers belong to Coleoptera, Diptera, and Lepidoptera, Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) being the most frequent and diverse gall-inducers. The associated fauna included parasitoids (Hymenoptera), successors (Formicidae), and predators (Pseudoscorpiones), obtained from 13, 2, and 1 gall morphotypes, respectively. Five plant taxa are recorded as hosts of gall-inducing insects for the first time.

A PCR-RFLP assay for discrimination of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto and Taenia spp. in dogs stool

2019 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Alejandro Hidalgo ◽  
Angélica Melo ◽  
Fernando Romero ◽  
José Villanueva ◽  
Carolina Carrasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus Sensu Stricto ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Rflp Assay

scholarly journals Status and monitoring of the buff-tailed bumblebee Bombus terrestris Linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Southern Finland

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salla-Riikka Vesterlund ◽  
Maria Kakko ◽  
Anti Vasemägi ◽  
Jouni Sorvari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Bombus Terrestris ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Degraded Dna ◽  
Native Bees ◽  
Regular Monitoring ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Correct Species Identification

Bombus terrestris can cause pollination disturbance in native plants and compete with native bumblebees and other pollinators. The accompanying non-native parasites may also threaten native bees. We report new observations of the commercially used Bombus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) using trapping data and sporadic samples identified with a PCR–RFLP-method for degraded DNA. A total of 863 individuals (355 queens, 442 workers, 66 drones) of Bombus sensu stricto were collected during the years 2008–9, of which, 642 were B. lucorum, ten B. cryptarum, four B. terrestris and none were B. magnus. Three trap types were compared in two modified transects near areas that use the commercial B. terrestris for pollination in Southern Finland: the tree trap that was hung at approximately 3 metres height was the most effective. Regular monitoring is important in the risk assessment of B. terrestris, and for correct species identification, molecular methods are recommended.

scholarly journals Characterization of Rhizobial Bacteria Nodulating Astragalus corrugatus and Hippocrepis areolata in Tunisian Arid Soils

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mosbah Mahdhi ◽  
Nadia Houidheg ◽  
Neji Mahmoudi ◽  
Abdelhakim Msaadek ◽  
Mokhtar Rejili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
16S Rdna Pcr ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Phenotypic Features ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Fifty seven bacterial isolates from root nodules of two spontaneous legumes (Astragalus corrugatus and Hippocrepis areolata) growing in the arid areas of Tunisia were characterized by phenotypic features, 16S rDNA PCR-RFLP and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Phenotypically, our results indicate that A. corrugatus and H. areolata isolates showed heterogenic responses to the different phenotypic features. All isolates were acid producers, fast growers and all of them used different compounds as sole carbon and nitrogen source. The majority of isolate grew at pHs between 6 and 9, at temperatures up to 40°C and tolerated 3% NaCl concentrations. Phylogenetically, the new isolates were affiliated to four genera Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium, Mesorhizobium and Agrobacterium. About 73% of the isolates were species within the genera Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium. The isolates which failed to nodulate their host plants of origin were associated to Agrobacterium genus (three isolates).

A taxonomic revision of the southern African leaf-cutter bees, Megachile Latreille sensu stricto and Heriadopsis Cockerell (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3601 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
CONNAL EARDLEY
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Entire Group

The five southern African subgenera of Megachile with recessed cutting edges between their teeth are revised. The entire group comprises 37 valid species, two of which are new: Megachile (Eutricharaea) gobabebensis sp. n. and Megachile (Eutricharaea) goegabensis sp. n. Other species are: Megachile (Amegachile) fimbriata Smith, Megachile (Amegachile) nasalis Smith, Megachile (Amegachile) bituberculata Ritsema, Megachile (Eutricharaea) afra Pasteels, Megachile (Eutricharaea) aurifera Cockerell, Megachile (Eutricharaea) barbata Smith, Megachile (Eutricharaea) basalis Smith, Megachile (Eutricharaea) bucephala (Fabricius), Megachile (Eutricharaea) cyanescens Friese, Megachile (Eutricharaea) eurymera Smith, Megachile (Eutricharaea) familiaris Cockerell, Megachile (Eutricharaea) konowiana Friese, Megachile (Eutricharaea) meadewaldoi Brauns, Megachile (Eutricharaea) muansae Friese, Megachile (Eutricharaea) pachyceps Friese, Megachile (Eutricharaea) regina Friese, Megachile (Eutricharaea) salsburyana Friese, Megachile (Eutricharaea) venusta Smith, Megachile (Eutricharaea) wahlbergi Friese, Megachile (Heriadopsis) whiteana Cameron, Megachile (Paracella) admixta Cockerell, Megachile (Paracella) barkeri Cockerell, Megachile (Paracella) chrysopogon Vachal, Megachile (Paracella) curtula Gerstaecker, Megachile (Paracella) edwardsi Friese, Megachile (Paracella) filicornis Friese, Megachile(Paracella) frontalis Smith, Megachile (Paracella) malangensis Friese, Megachile (Paracella) pilosella Friese, Megachile (Paracella) semierma Vachal, Megachile (Paracella) ungulata Smith, Megachile (Platysta) khamana Cockerell. Of the 78 new synonymies fimbriata vulpecula Pasteels is M. fimbriata; volkmanni ventrifasciata Strand is M. nasalis; sjoestedti var. rubripedana Strand is M. tuberculata; gratiosa Gerstaecker,concinna Smith, marusa Cameron, robertiana Cameron, venustella Cockerell, umbiloensis Cockerell and acallognatha Cockerell are M. venusta Smith; latimetatarsis Strand and rozenii Pasteels are M. basalis Smith; semifulva Friese and planatipes Cockerell are M. bucephala (Fabricius); seclusiformis Cockerell is M. salsburyana Friese; flava Friese and rhodoleucura Cockerell are M. eurymera Smith; luteola Pasteels and stellensis Pasteels are M. familiaris Cockerell; nasutula Brauns, coelostoma Cockerell, and nitidicauda Cockerell are M. barbata Smith; venustoides Strand, venustella zambesica Cockerell and pondonis Cockerell are wahlbergi Friese; okanjandica Strand and vittatula Cockerell are cyanescens Friese; leucospilura Cockerell is M. muansae Friese; cordata Smith,tardula Cameron, ekuivella Cockerell, krebsiana Strand, rhodesica Cockerell, natalica Cockerell, masaiella Cockerell, chromatica Cockerell, gratiosella Cockerell, rhodesica haematognatha Cockerell, mackieae Cockerell,flammicauda Cockerell, venusta var. semiflava Cockerell, rufulina Cockerell, rufosuffusa Cockerell, melanura Cockerell, asarna Cockerell, capiticola Cockerell, heteroscopa Cockerell, capiticola Cockerell and chrysognatha Cockerell are M. frontalis Smith; boswendica Cockerell, rubrociliata Pasteels and rufisetosa Pasteels are M. pilosella Friese; apiformis Smith is M. ungulata Smith; stellarum Cockerell, laticeps Friese, malangensis mamalapia Pasteels, obesa Pasteels and ovatomaculata Pasteels are M. malangensis Friese; flavibasis Cockerell,heterotricha Cockerell, candidicauda Cockerell, candidigena Cockerell, candidicauda spinarum Cockerell, neliCockerell, albofilosa Cockerell, discretula Cockerell, rubeola Pasteels and meesi Pasteels are M. chrysopogon Vachal; lydenburgiana Strand, aliceae Cockerell, pretoriaensis Pasteels and pycnocephala Pasteels are M. semierma Vachal; benitocola Strand and granulicauda Cockerell are M. curtula Gerstaecker; and spatulicornis Pasteels is M. edwardsi Friese. Brief descriptions are provided for all the species, as are their distributions in southern Africa, known host plants and parasites. Keys for the identification of the species are also given.

scholarly journals Two Sibling Species of the Botrytis cinerea Complex, transposa and vacuma, Are Found in Sympatry on Numerous Host Plants

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 967-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Giraud ◽  
D. Fortini ◽  
C. Levis ◽  
C. Lamarque ◽  
P. Leroux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
New Type ◽  
Botryotinia Fuckeliana ◽  
High Degree

Strains of Botrytis cinerea (the anamorph of Botryotinia fuckeliana) were collected from 21 different plant species around vineyards in the Champagne region (France). Strains were analyzed using three new polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers that were found by SWAPP (sequencing with arbitrary primer pairs), in addition to 15 other markers (PCR-RFLP, transposable elements, and resistance to fungicides). The markers revealed a high degree of genetic diversity and were used to investigate population structure. The two sympatric species transposa and vacuma, previously identified on grapes in these vineyards, were also detected on many of the plant species sampled. A new type of strain was also detected, having only the transposable element Boty. We did not detect any differentiation between strains from different organs or locations, but the prevalences of transposa and vacuma were significantly different on the different host plants. Fungicide resistance frequencies were significantly different in transposa and vacuma species. This study confirms that B. cinerea is a complex of sibling species and shows that the sibling species occur sympatrically on many host plants. However, the two species seemed to have different pathogenic behaviors. These findings contradict the traditional view of B. cinerea as a clonal population without specialization.

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