Intrinsic Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Change and Associated Events Mediate Apoptosis in Chemopreventive Effect of Diclofenac in Colon Cancer

Author(s):  
Jasmeet Kaur ◽  
S. N. Sanyal
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wang ◽  
Jia-Lin Sun ◽  
Ying-Xing Xu ◽  
Zhong-Guo Sui

Abstract Background: A novel curcumin (Cur) derivative 1g can inhibit the proliferation of colon cancer in vitro and in vivo. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of 1g in inducing apoptosis of colon cancer cells, especially mitochondrial apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS).Methods: Bioinformatics was used to analyze differentially expressed mrnas. Gene expression was measured by using qRT-PCR and protein expression was measured by using western blotting. Cell apoptosis, cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS were analyzed by flow cytometry. Experiments on transplanted tumors in animals.Results: The mechanism of this effect was a change in mitochondrial membrane potential caused by 1g that increased its pro-apoptotic activity. In addition, 1g produced ROS, induced G1 checkpoint blockade, and enhanced ER-stress in colon cancer cells. On the contrary, pretreatment with the ROS scavenging agent N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) inhibited the mitochondrial dysfunction caused by 1g and reversed ER-stress, cell cycle stagnation, and apoptosis. Additionally, pretreatment with the p-PERK inhibitor GSK2606414 significantly reduced ER-stress and reversed the apoptosis induced by colon cancer cells.Conclusions: This study not only found that 1g inherits the safety of Cur and has a more inhibitory effect on colon cancer cells than Cur, but also revealed that excessive production of ROS is one of the mechanisms of anti-tumor action.


2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 1084-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Kothan ◽  
S Dechsupa ◽  
G Leger ◽  
J L Moretti ◽  
J Vergote ◽  
...  

Natural products from plants such as flavonoids are potential drugs to overcome multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer treatments. However, their modes of action are still unclear. In this study, the effects of quercetin on mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) change as well as quercetin's ability to induce apoptosis and inhibit Pgp-mediated efflux of 99mTc-MIBI in K562/adr cells were investigated. Quercetin exhibits cytotoxicity against erythroleukemic cells: IC50 are 11.0 ± 2.0 µmol/L and 5.0 ± 0.4 µmol/L for K562 and K562/adr, respectively. Quercetin induces cell death via apoptosis in both K562 and K562/adr cells and does not inhibit Pgp-mediated efflux of 99mTc-MIBI. Quercetin (10 µmol/L, 3 h) and etoposide (100 µmol/L, 24 h) induce similar levels of apoptosis in K562 and K562/adr cells. Quercetin induces an increase followed by a decrease in |ΔΨm| value depending on its concentration. A decrease in the |ΔΨm| value is associated with an increase in the percentage of early apoptotic cells. It is clearly shown that quercetin results in a spontaneous ΔΨm change during apoptotic induction. Therefore, quercetin is potentially an apoptotic-inducing agent, which reacts at the mitochondrial level.Key words: multidrug resistance (MDR), quercetin, apoptosis, 99mTc-Annexin V, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), 99mTc-MIBI.


2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Tang ◽  
Juan-Juan Zhao ◽  
Zhi-Hong Li

<p>The aim of the study was to see the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of ethanolic herbal extract of Artemisia sieversiana against three human colon cancer (HT-29, HCT-15 and COLO-205) cells. The cytotoxicity of the extract on these cell lines was evaluated by MTT assay. Phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy using acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/ETBR) staining was employed to investigate morphological alterations in COLO-205 cells by the herbal extract. Flow cytometry instrument measured the changes in mitochondrial membrane potential loss while as gel electrophoresis measured DNA damage in these cells. The extract at increasing doses exhibited a strong cytotoxic effect in a dose-dependent manner against all the three colon cancer cell lines. The IC<sub>50</sub> values of the extract against HT-29, HCT-15 and COLO-205 cancer cells were found to be 52.1, 43.2 and 38.6 µg/mL respectively. Mitochondrial membrane potential loss (ΔΨm) and DNA fragmentation events were also observed following extract treatment at increasing doses.  </p><p> </p>


Author(s):  
А.А. Соколовская ◽  
Э.Д. Вирюс ◽  
В.В. Александрин ◽  
А.С. Роткина ◽  
К.А. Никифорова ◽  
...  

Цель исследования. Ишемические повреждения головного мозга, являются одной из наиболее частой причин инвалидности и смертности во всем мире. Недавно была установлена роль апоптоза тромбоцитов в патофизиологии инсульта, однако его механизмы до сих пор остаются невыясненными. Несмотря на различные экспериментальные модели, направленные на мониторинг апоптоза тромбоцитов, результаты, относительно изучения и выявления апоптоза тромбоцитов при ишемии головного мозга у крыс, весьма немногочисленны. Цель исследования - анализ апоптоза тромбоцитов с помощью метода проточной цитофлуориметрии на модели глобальной ишемии мозга у крыс. Методика. В экспериментах использовано 6 крыс-самцов Вистар в возрасте от 5 до 6 мес., разделенных на 2 группы: интактный контроль (К) и глобальная ишемия головного мозга. Модель глобальной ишемии головного мозга у крыс воспроизводилась путём билатеральной окклюзии общих сонных артерий на фоне гипотензии. Уровень системного артериального давления снижали посредством кровопотери до 40-45 мм рт. ст. Суспензию тромбоцитов крыс получали методом гельфильтрации с использованием сефарозы 2B. Для анализа экстернализации фосфатидилсерина (ФС) тромбоциты крыс инкубировали с Аннексином V-PE в связывающем буфере. Для оценки митохондриального мембранного потенциала (ММП) тромбоциты инкубировали с катионным красителем JC-1. После инкубации образцы немедленно анализировали на проточном цитофлуориметре FACSCalibur (Becton Dickinson, США). Результаты. Согласно полученным данным, экстернализация ФС на тромбоцитах крыс, перенесших инсульт, была значительно выше (53,45 ± 4,21%), чем в контрольной группе крыс (5,27 ± 2,40%). Данный эффект подтверждается выраженной деполяризацией митохондриальных мембран (DYm). После экспериментальной ишемии мозга почти 40% тромбоцитов было деполяризовано. Заключение. Использованный в работе подбор методов и маркеров обеспечивает понимание механизмов апоптоза тромбоцитов как в экспериментальных, так и в клинических условиях. Полученные данные позволяют сделать заключение, что апоптоз тромбоцитов является одним из факторов развития глобальной ишемии головного мозга у крыс. Результаты могут быть использованы для понимания механизмов, участвующих в развитии ишемического повреждения, что, в свою очередь, может быть использовано при разработке новых терапевтических стратегий. Aim. Stroke is one of the most common causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Multiple experimental models of stroke have focused on monitoring of platelet apoptosis. However, studies on and detection of platelet apoptosis in rats with ischemic stroke are very scarce. We investigated platelet apoptosis in rats with global brain ischemia using flow cytometry. Methods. Experiments were carried out on healthy, adult Wistar male rats weighing 300-350 g. The rats were divided into the following 2 groups: intact rats and rats with global brain ischemia. Global brain ischemia was induced by two-vessel (2-VO) carotid occlusion in combination with hypotension. Systemic blood pressure was reduced by 40-45 mm Hg by inducing haemorrhage. Platelets were isolated by gel filtration on Sepharose 2B. For evaluation of phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, platelets were incubated with Annexin V-PE and analyzed on FACSCalibur (BD Biosciences). Mitochondrial membrane potential (DY) was measured during platelets apoptosis using JC-1, a mitochondrial membrane potential indicator. Platelets were analyzed by flow cytometry immediately after the incubation. Results. PS externalization on platelets was significantly greater after global brain ischemia (53.45 ± 4.21%) than in the control group (5.27 ± 2.40%). Pronounced depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (DYm) confirmed this finding. In the rat group with experimental brain ischemia, almost 40% (35.24 ± 5.21%) of platelets were depolarized. Conclusion. Our results provide insight into mechanisms involved in platelet apoptosis during ischemic stroke and can be used in further development of new therapeutic strategies.


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