scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF THE MAIN PARAMETERS OF OPERATION OF REVERSE OSMOSIS IN THE PURIFICATION OF EFFLUENTS OF LANDFILLS

Author(s):  
A. G. Pervov ◽  
T. N. Shirkova

Results of investigations are presented that were aimed at production of quality water that meets regulations for surface water sources discharge. All impurities rejected by reverse osmosis membranes that are contained in concentrate stream can be withdrawn together with the dewatered sludge. Experimental research is conducted to develop membrane operational modes during leachate treatment. Experimental procedure is described to evaluate reduction of membrane flux and rejection during leachate treatment and recovery increase. Results of investigations are presented that enable us to determine main characteristics of membrane process such as: membrane flux, ammonia rejection, membrane types required, number of stages, recovery values. Experimental relationships are developed to determine the required membrane recovery values that correspond to ammonia concentration in the feed water to meet required regulation values in the product water. Tools to evaluate the required membrane area and required amount of membrane modules are developed and described. Influence of organics defined as COD (chemical oxygen demand) on membrane performance is investigated. Optimum values of working pressure are evaluated as well as economical parameters of membrane process are determined. Main tools to handle concentrate streams of membrane facilities and to withdraw it with dewatered sludge as well as methods to utilize sludge and concentrate are discussed.

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 688-700
Author(s):  
Aleksei G. Pervov ◽  
Konstantin V. Tikhonov

Introduction. Possibilities to purify municipal wastewater using reverse osmosis membrane techniques are investigated aimed at production of quality water for industrial use or meeting regulations for surface water sources discharge. A new eveloped tools to utilize concentrate effluents by reducing its flow by a value that does not exceed 0.5–1.0 per cent of initial feed water flow and it’s withdrawal of all rejected impurities together with dewatered sludge as a sludge moisture. Objectives: development of reverse osmosis techniques to purify wastewater after biological treatment; evaluation of possibilities to radically reduce concentrate flow to withdraw it together with activated sludge as it’s moisture.  Materials and methods. Experimental research is conducted to develop membrane operational modes during wastewater treatment. Experimental procedure is developed and described to evaluate reduction of membrane rejection of dissolved impurities and product flow decrease during experimental wastewater treatment and concentrate utilization test run.  Results. The basic equations are derived that enable us to determine: the required concentrate flow value that corresponds to concentration values of COD and suspended solids values in the feed water; the required values of membrane recoveries that correspond to ammonia concentration in the feed water to meet required regulation values in the product water. The tools to evaluate membrane area and a number of membrane modules are developed and described. Optimum values of the working pressure are evaluated as well as other economic parameters are presented to compare the developed techniques with biological treatment. Conclusions. To reach the required ammonia concentration in product water, double stage treatment of feed water with low-pressure reverse osmosis membranes is required. Influence of dissolved organics defined as COD, on membrane performance. The optimum value of working pressure is determined which is 7.5–8 Bars.


2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1087-1092
Author(s):  
Ronei de Almeida ◽  
Daniele Maia Bila ◽  
Bianca Ramalho Quintaes ◽  
Juacyara Carbonelli Campos

The reverse osmosis (RO) process has been increasingly applied to landfill leachate treatment. The published literature reports several studies that investigated the technical feasibility of RO. However, information about process costs is scarce. Also, companies that run leachate treatment plants do not provide actual costs. To fill this gap, this study aimed to evaluate the treatment costs of a full-scale RO for the treatment of landfill leachate located in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. A procedure was proposed to estimate the capital expenses (CAPEX), operational expenses (OPEX), and specific total treatment cost, the total cost per m3 of treated leachate, of the leachate treatment by membrane process, and the results obtained are discussed. The CAPEX for this full-scale RO was estimated at MUS$ 1.413, and OPEX ranged from US$ 0.132 to US$ 0.265 m−3 per year. The cost of leachate treatment has been estimated at US$ 8.58 m−3 considering the operation of the RO-unit for 20 years after landfill closure.


2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 811-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Gazzani ◽  
Thomas Hartmann ◽  
José-Francisco Pérez-Calvo ◽  
Daniel Sutter ◽  
Marco Mazzotti

The optimal working pressure and composition of the draw solution is identified. The forward osmosis process is compared with reverse osmosis and thermal desalination in terms of specific work, membrane area, and second law efficiency.


2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Qu ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Deyin Hou ◽  
Zhaokun Luan ◽  
Baoqiang Wang

In the present work, a thermally driven membrane process-direct contact membrane distillation was investigated for concentrating the primary reverse osmosis concentrate to minimize the water loss. The primary reverse osmosis concentrate used in the work was obtained from the RO process of the direct drinking water preparation system designed for the 29th Olympic Games with 50% recovery. The feed water was Beijing tap water. Membrane fouling during the DCMD process was discussed, and acidification and accelerated precipitation softening was used as the pretreatment method to control the calcium scaling. Experimental results showed that acidification can alleviate and even eliminate CaCO3 scaling, but CaSO4 crystallization still occurred and led to a sharp decline of module efficiency. Accelerated precipitation softening enabled a high removal efficiency of Ca2 + , so both the CaCO3 and CaSO4 scaling was efficiently controlled. After proper pretreatment to control calcium scaling, the primary reverse osmosis concentrate could be concentrated 40 times and then the whole recovery was enhanced to 98.8%.


Author(s):  
М.Е. Ильина ◽  
И.Н. Курочкин

Рассмотрен вопрос оптимизации процесса мембранного обратноосмотического разделения имеющего повышенное содержание солей жесткости фильтрата полигона твердых бытовых отходов. Исследования проводились на экспериментальной двухступенчатой установке обратного осмоса. Для изучения возможности повышения эффективности процесса мембранного обратноосмотического разделения фильтрата и, в частности, удельной производительности мембраны в исходную осветленную фильтрационную воду (перед мембранным разделением) вводились различные ингибиторы осадкообразования: Avista Vitec 3000, Clarofos 381 и триполифосфат натрия. В качестве исследуемого водного раствора использовались фильтрационные воды полигона твердых бытовых отходов «Марьинский» (Владимирская область), которые имели повышенное содержание солей жесткости. По результатам проведенных исследований осуществлена оценка эффективности действия различных ингибиторов осадкообразования на процесс мембранного обратноосмотического разделения по показателю удельной производительности мембраны. Доказано положительное влияние на мембранное разделение введения в исходный осветленный фильтрат полигона ТБО ингибиторов процесса осадкообразования солей жесткости на поверхности мембран. Наилучшие результаты по увеличению удельной производительности мембраны при очистке осветленной фильтрационной воды были получены при использовании ингибитора Avista Vitec 3000. Проведенные исследования показали, что при выборе ингибитора осадкообразования необходимо учитывать особенности состава исходной воды, режим работы мембранного оборудования и особые требования технологии очистки. The aspects of optimizing the process of reverse osmosis membrane separation of the leachate of a municipal solid waste landfill with a high concentration of hardness salts is considered. The research was carried out in an experimental two-stage reverse osmosis unit. To study possible increasing the efficiency of the membrane reverse osmosis separation of the leachate and, in particular, of the membrane flux, various inhibitors of sediment formation were added to the feed clarified percolating water (before the membrane separation): Avista Vitec 3000, Clarofos 381, and sodium tripolyphosphate. Percolating water of the Mar’inskii solid waste landfill (Vladimir region) with a high concentration of hardness salts was used as a researchable aqueous solution. Based on the results of the executed studies, the effect of various inhibitors of sediment formation on the process of membrane reverse osmosis separation was estimated in terms of the membrane flux. The positive effect on membrane separation of the inhibitors of the sediment formation of hardness salts on the membrane surface added into the feed clarified leachate of the solid waste landfill has been proven. The best results in increasing the membrane flux during the purification of clarified percolating water were obtained with the use of the Avista Vitec 3000 inhibitor. The executed studies have shown that while choosing a sediment formation inhibitor, the specific composition of the feed water, the operating mode of the membrane equipment and the special requirements of the purification technology should be taken into account.


2012 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 199-202
Author(s):  
En Hua Liu ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
He Ying Xu

The paper studied advanced landfill leachate treatment with tubular membrane bio-electro reactor. The results showed that the tubular membrane flux be stability, COD of effluent be 350~650 mg L-1, while COD of feed water is 500~800 mgL-1, and the removal of COD reached 25%~45%.


2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2319-2331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gavrilescu ◽  
Ana-Maria Schiopu ◽  
George Ciprian Piuleac ◽  
Corneliu Cojocaru ◽  
Ion Apostol ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1302-1305
Author(s):  
Ali A. A. Al Janabi ◽  
Oana Cristina Parvulescu ◽  
Bogdan Trica ◽  
Tanase Dobre

The paper aimed at studying the performances of pervaporation separation of isopropanol-water system using a Pervatech ceramic membrane at various values of feed mixture flow rate (F=1000 kg/hr), feed water mass fraction (xF=0.1-0.2), operation temperature (t=60-90 �C), permeate pressure (pP=1000-9000 Pa) and water separation degree (sW=0.9, 0.95). Membrane total flux and separation factor were predicted applying a second order response surface model with 3 factors, i.e., xF, t and pP. An algorithm for estimating the membrane surface area was presented. Membrane area increased with sW and xF and its lowest values (A=13 m2 for xF=0.1 and A=24 m2 for xF=0.2) were attained for t=60 �C and pP=9000 Pa. These findings could be applied for optimizing the process of isopropanol dehydration by pervaporation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 611
Author(s):  
Zhendong Yang ◽  
Zhenghua Liu ◽  
Aleksandra Sklodowska ◽  
Marcin Musialowski ◽  
Tomasz Bajda ◽  
...  

Management of excessive aqueous sulfide is one of the most significant challenges of treating effluent after biological sulfate reduction for metal recovery from hydrometallurgical leachate. The main objective of this study was to characterize and verify the effectiveness of a sulfide-oxidizing bacterial (SOB) consortium isolated from post-mining wastes for sulfide removal from industrial leachate through elemental sulfur production. The isolated SOB has a complete sulfur-oxidizing metabolic system encoded by sox genes and is dominated by the Arcobacter genus. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of elemental sulfur in the collected sediment during cultivation of the SOB in synthetic medium under controlled physicochemical conditions. The growth yield after three days of cultivation reached ~2.34 gprotein/molsulfid, while approximately 84% of sulfide was transformed into elemental sulfur after 5 days of incubation. Verification of isolated SOB on the industrial effluent confirmed that it can be used for effective sulfide concentration reduction (~100% reduced from the initial 75.3 mg/L), but for complete leachate treatment (acceptable for discharged limits), bioaugmentation with other bacteria is required to ensure adequate reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD).


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