scholarly journals Assessing the Inter-Relationship between Rural Population Migration and Environmental Change in the Dano Watershed, Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
Binta Dansoko ◽  
Souleymane Sidi Traore
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
And Migration

The study analyses the Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) dynamics as an important environmental factor and links it to migration trends towards the study area. The work uses data collected across two (2) villages, both located in the Dano watershed. Three sets of 30-m Landsat images were used to measure the changes in LULC types for the years 1986, 1999 and 2014. Cumulatively focus group discussion and household interview were employed for socio-economic data collection. Census data for the periods 1987, 1996 and 2006 were also collected from the national census reports. LULC analysis revealed that vegetation area was progressively converted into croplands with an annual rate of 0.92% during the period of study. Pearson correlation analysis between population and cropland on one hand and population and vegetation on the second hand revealed a high positive correlation between population size and cropland (r = 0.99), while there was a high negative correlation between population size and vegetation (r = 0.96). The survey of 180 farmers revealed a diversity of questions about environmental change on their livelihood. Most 78% of farmers believe that deforestation is the main driver of environmental change as a result of the decrease of rainfall and strong wind. Many strategies are used by local communities as a response to environmental changes and migration is seen by 31% of the respondents as a common strategy used by the affected communities. These results from the study showed that migration is one of the major local responses to environmental change.

scholarly journals Exploring Connections—Environmental Change, Food Security and Violence as Drivers of Migration—A Critical Review of Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor Morales-Muñoz ◽  
Srijna Jha ◽  
Michelle Bonatti ◽  
Henryk Alff ◽  
Sabine Kurtenbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Development Paths

Migration, whether triggered by single events, such as violent conflict, or by long term pressures related to environmental change or food insecurity is altering sustainable development in societies. Although there is a large amount of literature, there is a gap for consolidating frameworks of migration-related to the interaction and correlation between drivers. We review scientific papers and research reports about three categories of drivers: Environmental Change (EC), Food Security (FS), and Violent Conflict (VC). First, we organize the literature to understand the explanations of the three drivers on migration individually, as well as the interactions among each other. Secondly, we analyse the literature produced regarding Colombia, Myanmar, and Tanzania; countries with different combinations of the driving factors for migration. Although we find that many correlations are explained in the literature, migration is mostly driven by structural vulnerabilities and unsustainable development paths in places that have a low resilience capacity to cope with risk. For example, food insecurity, as a product of environmental changes (droughts and floods), is seen as a mediating factor detonating violent conflict and migration in vulnerable populations. The paper contributes to the literature about multi-driven migration, presenting an overview of the way in which different driver combinations trigger migration. This is important for determining the best governance mechanisms and policy responses that tackle forced migration and improve the resilience of vulnerable communities as well as sustainable development.

scholarly journals Environmental Change and Migration in Morocco: What Has Been Done So Far?

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-59
Author(s):  
Lore Van Praag ◽  
Loubna Ou-Salah ◽  
Elodie Hut ◽  
Caroline Zickgraf
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Environmental Migration ◽  
Migration History ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Migration ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Unexpected Outcomes ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBefore we delve further into the relationship between migration and environmental change, it is important to gain more insight into the migration history of Moroccans going abroad and the specific environmental changes faced by people in Morocco. Therefore, in the first part of this chapter, we outline the history of Moroccan migration to Europe in general and to Belgium in particular. Morocco provides an interesting case of study with regard to environmental migration, as in the second half of the twentieth century, Morocco evolved into one of the world’s leading emigration countries. Moroccan migration is one of the unexpected outcomes in which colonial migration, labour migration, family reunification, and, most recently, undocumented migration combine. Hence, there is a high degree of internal differentiation and dynamics within the migrant population of Morocco (De Haas 2007).

scholarly journals How Environmental Change Relates to the Development of Adaptation Strategies and Migration Aspirations

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-123
Author(s):  
Lore Van Praag ◽  
Loubna Ou-Salah ◽  
Elodie Hut ◽  
Caroline Zickgraf
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Environmental Migration ◽  
And Migration

AbstractThe focus on perceived environmental changes and risks is a necessary precondition before people’s vulnerabilities and abilities to migrate can be taken into account (Adam 2005). This approach contrasts with previous research on environmental migration that has mainly focused on the vulnerabilities of people towards environmental changes. This vulnerability approach is, for instance, widely used in reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2014) and refers to the potential loss or harm one encounters or could encounter when facing environmental changes. This vulnerability is assumed to depend on the nature of the physical risks one could be exposed to and inherent sensitivity one has. The latter refers, for instance, to the type of economic activities of a community. For example, communities that rely heavily on agricultural activities are more sensitive to water scarcity and suffer more from drought, than other communities. It is within this framework that migration is often seen as a potential adaptation strategy to deal with environmental changes (Smit and Wandel 2006; Gemenne 2010). However, this framework hardly considers people’s own perceived vulnerabilities or risks or resilience towards environmental change. Hence, this vulnerability approach diminishes the agency of the actors involved and their active role in the development of migration aspirations and trajectories related to environmental changes and risks. Furthermore, as already stated by McLeman et al. (2016), the use of this framework of adaptation and the focus on the use of vulnerability may not encompass all drivers of environmental migration. This could certainly apply to the Moroccan context in which environmental changes mostly occur gradually and are to a lesser extent immediately visible to the human eye.

scholarly journals The intensity of slope and fluvial processes after a catastrophic windthrow event in small catchments in the Tatra Mountains

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1405-1423
Author(s):  
Dariusz Strzyżowski ◽  
Elżbieta Gorczyca ◽  
Kazimierz Krzemień ◽  
Mirosław Żelazny
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Bedload Transport ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Salvage Logging ◽  
Fluvial Processes ◽  
Wind Events ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Tatra Mountains ◽  
The Impact

AbstractStrong wind events frequently result in creating large areas of windthrow, which causes abrupt environmental changes. Bare soil surfaces within pits and root plates potentially expose soil to erosion. Absence of forest may alter the dynamics of water circulation. In this study we attempt to answer the question of whether extensive windthrows influence the magnitude of geomorphic processes in 6 small second- to third-order catchments with area ranging from 0.09 km2 to 0.8 km2. Three of the catchments were significantly affected by a windthrow which occurred in December 2013 in the Polish part of the Tatra Mountains, and the other three catchments were mostly forested and served as control catchments. We mapped the pits created by the windthrow and the linear scars created by salvage logging operations in search of any signs of erosion within them. We also mapped all post-windthrow landslides created in the windthrow-affected catchments. The impact of the windthrow on the fluvial system was investigated by measuring a set of channel characteristics and determining bedload transport intensity using painted tracers in all the windthrow-affected and control catchments. Both pits and linear scars created by harvesting tend to become overgrown by vegetation in the first several years after the windthrow. The only signs of erosion were observed in 10% of the pits located on convergent slopes. During the period from the windthrow event in 2013 until 2019, 5 very small (total area <100 m2) shallow landslides were created. The mean distance of bedload transport was similar (t-test, p=0.05) in most of the windthrow-affected and control catchments. The mapping of channels revealed many cases of root plates fallen into a channel and pits created near a channel. A significant amount of woody debris delivered into the channels influenced the activity of fluvial processes by creating alternating zones of erosion and accumulation.

Pleistocene–Holocene environmental change in the Canary Archipelago as inferred from the stable isotope composition of land snail shells

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 658-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurena Yanes ◽  
Crayton J. Yapp ◽  
Miguel Ibáñez ◽  
María R. Alonso ◽  
Julio De-la-Nuez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
The Times

AbstractThe isotopic composition of land snail shells was analyzed to investigate environmental changes in the eastern Canary Islands (28–29°N) over the last ~ 50 ka. Shell δ13C values range from −8.9‰ to 3.8‰. At various times during the glacial interval (~ 15 to ~ 50 ka), moving average shell δ13C values were 3‰ higher than today, suggesting a larger proportion of C4 plants at those periods. Shell δ18O values range from −1.9‰ to 4.5‰, with moving average δ18O values exhibiting a noisy but long-term increase from 0.1‰ at ~ 50 ka to 1.6–1.8‰ during the LGM (~ 15–22 ka). Subsequently, the moving average δ18O values range from 0.0‰ at ~ 12 ka to 0.9‰ at present. Calculations using a published snail flux balance model for δ18O, constrained by regional temperatures and ocean δ18O values, suggest that relative humidity at the times of snail activity fluctuated but exhibited a long-term decline over the last ~ 50 ka, eventually resulting in the current semiarid conditions of the eastern Canary Islands (consistent with the aridification process in the nearby Sahara). Thus, low-latitude oceanic island land snail shells may be isotopic archives of glacial to interglacial and tropical/subtropical environmental change.

Double displacement – Interactions between resettlement, environmental change and migration

Geoforum ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 13-27
Author(s):  
Fiona Miller ◽  
Tran Thi Phung Ha ◽  
Huynh Van Da ◽  
Ngo Thi Thanh Thuy ◽  
Boi Huyen Ngo
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
And Migration

Estimating Effective Population Size and Migration Rates From Genetic Samples Over Space and Time

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 429-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinliang Wang ◽  
Michael C Whitlock
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Effective Population Size ◽  
Joint Estimation ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Likelihood Methods ◽  
Marker Allele ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
And Migration

Abstract In the past, moment and likelihood methods have been developed to estimate the effective population size (Ne) on the basis of the observed changes of marker allele frequencies over time, and these have been applied to a large variety of species and populations. Such methods invariably make the critical assumption of a single isolated population receiving no immigrants over the study interval. For most populations in the real world, however, migration is not negligible and can substantially bias estimates of Ne if it is not accounted for. Here we extend previous moment and maximum-likelihood methods to allow the joint estimation of Ne and migration rate (m) using genetic samples over space and time. It is shown that, compared to genetic drift acting alone, migration results in changes in allele frequency that are greater in the short term and smaller in the long term, leading to under- and overestimation of Ne, respectively, if it is ignored. Extensive simulations are run to evaluate the newly developed moment and likelihood methods, which yield generally satisfactory estimates of both Ne and m for populations with widely different effective sizes and migration rates and patterns, given a reasonably large sample size and number of markers.

HUMAN MOBILITY UNDER THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana BĂLAN ◽  
Simona Maria STĂNESCU
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Joint Effort ◽  
Sustainable Resources ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
Droughts And Floods ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Impact

The movement of people due to environment changes is not a new phenomenon. Despite this, only in the most recent 20 years, the international community has begun to acknowledge it as an unprecedented challenge in terms of sustainable resources involved. All over the world, the number of storms, droughts and floods has tripled in the last 30 years, with devastating effects on communities. The paper presents a brief analysis of global climate change in recent years and human mobility due to this phenomenon. The research is based on international regulations addressing the interdependencies between environmental change and migration. The climate risk management with impact on human mobility involves economic, political, cultural, and demographic factors. It also shows how a devastating natural disaster shapes people's mobility towards a more friendly environment protected shelter. The development of resilience community strategies implies a joint effort of communities and stakeholders in protecting human beings against effects of natural disasters.

Environmental change and migration

2018 ◽  
pp. 163-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria van der Land ◽  
Clemens Romankiewicz ◽  
Kees van der Geest
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
And Migration
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