scholarly journals Aktivitas Antidiare Daun Harendong (Malestoma malabathricum L)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Ika Kurnia Sukmawati ◽  
Elin Yulinah Sukandar ◽  
Neng Fisheri Kurniati
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Better Than

Diarrhea still become main health problem especially in several developing countries including Indonesia. Hharendong leaf have been used by people traditionally as the treatment of various Gastrointestinal tract disorders including diarrhea. The purpose of this study was tested antidiarrhea and antibacterial activity of extracts and fractions of the three selected plants. The extraction was conducted using reflux method with ethanol 96% as solvent. Extract was fractinated by liquid-liquid extraction methods using n-hexane and ethylacetate solvents gradually. Antimicrobial activity assays was performed by using broth microdiluiton methods toward extract and fractions of plants selected. Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri, and Salmonella typhi. were used as microbes test. Antidiarhhea activity was tested to diarrhea animal induced by castor oil. Dosage test was given one hour before induction then carried out observations of feces (frequency, consistency and weight). Transit intestinal method was also performed in this experiment with comparing the length of the intestinal through by marker with the total length of the intestine. Antidiarrhea activity result have shown that Harendong leaf extract at the doses 50 and 100 mg/kg BW showed decreased of frequency ,consistency and weight of feces better than another extract. Ethylacetate fraction of the leaf harendong showed antibacterial activity to Shigella dysenteriae ( MIC of 128 µg/ml), dan Salmonella typhi (MIC 512 µg/ml), and fraction n-heksan of the leaf harendong showed antibacterial activity to Shigella dysenteriae and Salmonella typhi the MIC 512 µg/ml.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Solanum surattense Burm. F

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Sheeba
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Solanum Surattense ◽  
Engineering And Technology ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Ethanol extracts of Solanum surattense used in traditional medicine for treatmentof various infections. The antibacterial activity detected was againstStaphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sp.; Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae and Vibriocholerae. The highest antibacterial activity was observed in 500μg concentrationof leaf extracts of all bacteria screened except Shigella dysenteriae. The minimumzone of inhibition observed in 25μg concentration of leaf extract exceptPseudomonas aeruginosa and Shigella dysenteriae. These results indicate that theextracts were bacteriostatic at higher concentrations.Keywords: Antibacterial activity; Solanum surattense; pathogenicmicro organisms.DOI: 10.3126/kuset.v6i1.3278Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol.6(1) 2010, pp 1-4

Comparison of Sorption and Extraction Methods for Recovery of Trace Organics from Water

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 149-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
V C Blok ◽  
G P Slater ◽  
E M Giblin
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Standard Mixture ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Trace Organics ◽  
Tenax Gc

Several commercially available adsorbents were compared with solvent extraction methods for their utility in recovering trace organics from water. The adsorbents examined included Amberlite XAD-2, XAD-4 and XAD-8, Ambersorb XE340 and XE348 and Tenax-GC. All were found to produce high artifact levels, even after extensive clean-up, making them unsuitable for the analysis of trace organics in water. Quantitatively, Likens-Nickerson or continuous liquid-liquid extraction with méthylene chloride gave better recoveries than the adsorbents. Qualitatively, extractive methods were preferred as they yielded much lower levels of impurities than the adsorbents. These methods of recovering trace organics were evaluated using a standard mixture of compounds added to the water at a level of 55 µg/l. Likens-Nickerson extraction gave comparable recoveries of this mixture at 55 µg/l and 11 µg/l.

scholarly journals Extraction and Analysis of Tetrahydrocannabinol, A Cannabis Compound in Oral Fluid

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Zhiyuan Mi ◽  
Jiangtao Su ◽  
Xiangyu You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Testing ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Target

Although misuse and abuse of Cannabis is well known, the health benefits have been proved by various biomedical studies. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the major active substance in leaves of Cannabis, which is the common target for drug testing. In field drug testing, oral fluid (OF) has its unique advantages over other specimens such as blood, urine, and hair. Thus the study of THC in OF is gaining popularity in Cannabis research. In this review, extraction methods are introduced in three categories, which are Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE), Solid Phase Extraction (SPE), and Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE). Examples of application with each method will be covered. Advantages and disadvantages of these methods will be compared. In addition, methods in analysis following extraction will be briefly discussed.

scholarly journals EXTRACTION, CLEAN-UP, AND HPLC DETECTION OF CARBARYL AND CARBOFURAN FROM CABBAGE (Brassica oleracea)

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iip Izul Falah
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Good Separation ◽  
Carbamate Pesticides ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Better Than

Carbaryl (1-naphthyl-N-methylcarbamate) and carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranol-N-methylcarbamate) are very important N-methylcarbamate pesticides due to their high insecticide and nematocide effects, and widely used in vegetables plantations. The increasing use of carbamate pesticides poses a risk to human and environment. Thus, it is necessary to quantify their residue amount in food and vegetables to prevent harmful effect on animals, human and environment. This work was aimed to study of carbaryl and carbofuran analysis from fortified cabbage (Brassica oleracea) by liquid-liquid extraction, clean-up using SPE, followed by HPLC detection. Result of the work showed that detection of carbaryl using spectrophotometer detector at wavelength of 220 nm was better than at 230 and 280 nm, respectively. When the carbamates were extracted from cabbage using methanol, followed by liquid-liquid extraction using dichloromethane, cleaned-up with SPE-C18 and eluted by acetonitrile, the recovery was 96.8%. The detection by HPLC involved 4.6 x 25 mm, 5 µm C18 column, spectrophotometer detector at wavelength of 220 nm, and isocratic mobile phase at ratio of 35:65 of acetonitrile:aquabidest gave a good separation between co-extracted compounds and the carbamates.   Keywords: HPLC, carbaryl, carbofuran, extraction, clean-up

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF THREE EXTRACTION METHODS OF ALLOPURINOL IN URIC ACID HERBAL MEDICINE WITH HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY QUANTIFICATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
RIMADANI PRATIWI ◽  
RASPATI D. MULYANINGSIH ◽  
NYI M. SAPTARINI
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Filtering Method ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Parameters Of Accuracy

Objective: This study was aimed to understand and determine the effectiveness of allopurinol extraction in herbal medicine from three extraction methods based on parameters of accuracy and precision. Methods: The study consisted of three methods including dissolving and filtering, liquid-liquid extraction, and solid-phase extraction with mixed-mode cation exchanger (SPE-MCX). The procedures were carried out using NaOH and HCl in dissolving and filtering method; methanol, HCl, and ethyl acetate in liquid-liquid extraction; and NH4OH elution solvent in SPE-MCX. Results: The results showed that extraction effectiveness based on accuracy level was the dissolving and filtering method>SPE-MCX>liquid-liquid extraction with % recovery+SD of 91.314+2.903%, 87.533+4.950%, and 54.549+3.517%, respectively. The precision level was the dissolution and filtering method>SPE-MCX>liquid-liquid extraction based on % relative standard deviations (RSD) of 3.18%, 5.226%, and 6.446%, respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the allopurinol extraction method with the highest effectiveness based on accuracy and precision parameters in herbal medicine is the dissolving and filtering method.

scholarly journals In vitro Study on Anti-salmonella Activities of Boerhaavia diffusa (L. syn) Leaf Extract

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ologun, Oluwabusayo ◽  
Dada, Ebenezer Oluyemi ◽  
Ajayi, Kehinde Oluyemi
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Clinical Isolate ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Boerhaavia Diffusa ◽  
Broth Dilution

Various strategies have been employed in the treatment and management of Salmonella infection however, Salmonella strains have gained resistance to antibiotics. This study was to determine in vitro anti-Salmonella activity of Boerhaavia diffusa leaf extract against clinical isolate of Salmonella typhi and Salmonella typhi ATCC 14028. The aqueous and ethanol extracts of B. diffusa were studied for their antibacterial activity against pathogenic Salmonella typhi. This study was carried out between April and September 2018. The in vitro antibacterial activity was performed by agar well diffusion method and broth dilution using spectrophotometric method and the results were expressed as the average diameter of zone of inhibition of bacterial growth around the well and optical density respectively. It was observed that aqueous extract exerted slightly higher activity than ethanolic extract as revealed by the mean diameter of zone of inhibitions at a concentration of 200 mg/ml, the aqueous extract had 35.21±0.47 mm (Salmonella typhi ATCC 14028) compared with ethanol extract 26.41±0.32 mm (clinical). However, in the broth dilution method, ethanol extract significantly (p=0.05) reduced the cell, at 48 hours, the optical density of clinical isolate of S. typhi treated at concentration of 200 mg/ml of extract was 0.47±0.02 nm while at the same concentration of extract, aqueous extract had an optical density of 0.52±0.11 nm respectively. The phytochemical assay revealed that tannin (5.18±0.02 mg/g) and quinone (8.45±0.13 mg/g) in ethanol extract was significantly (p=0.05) higher than aqueous extract while saponin (14.18±0.06 mg/g) was higher in the aqueous extract. The ethanol and aqueous extracts of leaves of B. diffusa whole plant exhibited significant antibacterial activity against both clinical and typed Salmonella typhi. Therefore, the plant extract could be used for the treatment of Salmonellosis, however, the in vivo studies is needed to ascertain the safety of the extract.

scholarly journals THE PHYSIOCHEMICAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF GALACTOMANNAN EDIBLE FILM OF ARENGA PINNATA INCORPORATED WITH ZINGIBER OFFICINALE ESSENTIAL OIL

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Juliati Br Tarigan ◽  
Irwana Nainggolan ◽  
Jamaran Kaban
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Edible Films ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Fourier Transform

Objective: This study aimed to demonstrate the incorporation of Zingiber officinale essential (ZOE) oil onto galactomannan from Arenga pinnata (GAP) matrix and determined the antibacterial activity of the edible films (EF).Methods: EF was obtained from the incorporation of GAP (0.5, 0.9, or 1.3 g) with ZOE (0.5 or 1 g) using glycerol (0.6 g) and monoglycerol oleic (0.2 g) as a plasticizer.Results: The thickness of the films increased with the increase of GAP and ZOE oil. However, the tensile strength and water permeability decreased in the fourth EF when the ZOE oil was increased. The maximum value of tensile strength and modulus elongation was obtained with the ratio of GAP to ZOE oil at 0.9, 0.5, 4.502 MPa, and 0.0633 MPa, respectively. The Fourier transform infrared spectrum showed that the interaction occurred between GAP and ZOE oil. The EFs showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae with the highest activity in the third EF. The total bacteria amount in a colony decreased until the 5th day compared with the control. Furthermore, the third EF could inhibit oxygen migration with a respiratory quotient of 7.71.Conclusions: This study revealed that EFs from GAP and ZOE could be prepared and have antibacterial activity against several pathogenic bacteria. 

Quantitation and Confirmation of Chloramphenicol, Florfenicol, and Nitrofuran Metabolites in Honey Using LC-MS/MS

2018 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 897-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian T Veach ◽  
Renea Anglin ◽  
Thilak K Mudalige ◽  
Paula J Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Tandem Ms ◽  
Robust Method ◽  
Calibration Standards ◽  
Single Extraction ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Lc Tandem Ms ◽  
Nitrofuran Metabolites

Abstract This paper describes a rapid and robust method utilizing a single liquid–liquid extraction for the quantitation and confirmation of chloramphenicol, florfenicol, and nitrofuran metabolites in honey. This methodology combines two previous extraction methods into a single extraction procedure and utilizes matrix-matched calibration standards and stable isotopically labeled standards to improve quantitation. The combined extraction procedure reduces the average extraction time by >50% when compared with previously used procedures. The drug residues were determined using two separate LC-tandem MS conditions. Validation of all the analytes was performed, with average quantitation ranging from 92 to 105% for all analytes and the RSDs for all analytes being ≤12%.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document