scholarly journals In vitro Study on Anti-salmonella Activities of Boerhaavia diffusa (L. syn) Leaf Extract

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ologun, Oluwabusayo ◽  
Dada, Ebenezer Oluyemi ◽  
Ajayi, Kehinde Oluyemi
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Clinical Isolate ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Boerhaavia Diffusa ◽  
Broth Dilution

Various strategies have been employed in the treatment and management of Salmonella infection however, Salmonella strains have gained resistance to antibiotics. This study was to determine in vitro anti-Salmonella activity of Boerhaavia diffusa leaf extract against clinical isolate of Salmonella typhi and Salmonella typhi ATCC 14028. The aqueous and ethanol extracts of B. diffusa were studied for their antibacterial activity against pathogenic Salmonella typhi. This study was carried out between April and September 2018. The in vitro antibacterial activity was performed by agar well diffusion method and broth dilution using spectrophotometric method and the results were expressed as the average diameter of zone of inhibition of bacterial growth around the well and optical density respectively. It was observed that aqueous extract exerted slightly higher activity than ethanolic extract as revealed by the mean diameter of zone of inhibitions at a concentration of 200 mg/ml, the aqueous extract had 35.21±0.47 mm (Salmonella typhi ATCC 14028) compared with ethanol extract 26.41±0.32 mm (clinical). However, in the broth dilution method, ethanol extract significantly (p=0.05) reduced the cell, at 48 hours, the optical density of clinical isolate of S. typhi treated at concentration of 200 mg/ml of extract was 0.47±0.02 nm while at the same concentration of extract, aqueous extract had an optical density of 0.52±0.11 nm respectively. The phytochemical assay revealed that tannin (5.18±0.02 mg/g) and quinone (8.45±0.13 mg/g) in ethanol extract was significantly (p=0.05) higher than aqueous extract while saponin (14.18±0.06 mg/g) was higher in the aqueous extract. The ethanol and aqueous extracts of leaves of B. diffusa whole plant exhibited significant antibacterial activity against both clinical and typed Salmonella typhi. Therefore, the plant extract could be used for the treatment of Salmonellosis, however, the in vivo studies is needed to ascertain the safety of the extract.

scholarly journals In vitro antibacterial activity of Terminalia chebula leaf gall extracts against some human pathogenic strains

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 217-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
BE Ravi Shankara ◽  
YL Ramachandra ◽  
S Sundara Rajan ◽  
J Preetham ◽  
PS Sujan Ganapathy
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Terminalia Chebula ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
South Indian

The leaf galls of Terminalia chebula is used widely as Karkatasringi in south Indian markets. Karkatashringi is an important crude drug employed in various indigenous systems of medicine against several diseases and the drug has diverse medicinal properties. The present study was carried out to understand the antimicrobial activity of various extracts. The antibacterial activity of T. chebula (leaf gall) was evaluated against ten bacterial strains including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using the agar-well diffusion method. Among the two extracts tested, the ethanol extract presented the best results against all the bacteria while aqueous extract showed moderate inhibition of the microbial growth. Each extract is unique against different microorganisms; Staphylococcus aureus was more susceptible to both extract among the tested organisms, whereas Serratia marcescens and Proteus mirabilis were less susceptible for ethanol and aqueous extract respectively. The inhibitory effect of the extracts was compared with standard antibiotic Ciprofloxacin.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i8.11254 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(8): 217-220 

scholarly journals Actividad antibacteriana in vitro de Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae) frente a bacterias nosocomiales en Montería, Colombia

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Méndez Álvarez ◽  
Alberto Angulo Ortíz ◽  
Orfa Contreras Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Clinical Isolate ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Future Research ◽  
E Coli

Bacterial resistance is a growing health problem worldwide that has serious economic and social impacts, compromising public health, and the therapeutic action of current antibiotics. Therefore, the search for new compounds with antimicrobial properties is relevant in modern studies, particularly against bacteria of clinical interest. In the present study, in vitro antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract and essential oil of Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae) was evaluated against nosocomial bacteria, using the microdilution method. Escherichia coli strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus sp. were used, Salmonella sp. and Bacillus sp., isolated from nosocomial infections in a hospital in the city of Monteria and reference strains of S. aureus ATCC 43300, S. aureus ATCC 29213, S. aureus ATCC 25923, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, E. coli ATCC 25922 and K. pneumonia ATCC 700603. The ethanol extract antibacterial profile was more efficient at higher concentrations (1 000 ppm), obtaining significant percentages of reduction of more than 50 % against K. pneumoniae ATCC 700603 and a clinical isolate of E. coli; while compared to Bacillus clinical isolate, was more active than the essential oil. For the rest of microorganisms, the reduction percentages obtained at a concentration of 1 000 ppm varied between 17 and 42 % with ethanolic extract, and 8 to 43 % with essential oil. At concentrations of 100 and 500 ppm antibacterial activity of the extracts was lower. The results indicated that the ethanolic extract and essential oil of C. longa rhizomes have active compounds with antibacterial properties that could be used in future research as a therapeutic alternative for the treatment of infections caused by nosocomial pathogens.

scholarly journals Antibacterial activity test of Simargaolgaol (Aglaonema modestum Schott ex Engl) leaves extract against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158
Author(s):  
Tiurma Solomasi Zega ◽  
◽  
Putri Mandaoni Pakpahan ◽  
Rahmayani Siregar ◽  
Givinda Sitompul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Inhibitory Power ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

The Simargaolgaol (Aglaonema modestum Schott ex Engl) plant is a plant that grows wild in Barus District, Central Tapanuli, North Sumatra which is used by the community as a medicinal plant. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts from Simargaolgaol leaves against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi bacteria. The antibacterial activity test of Simargaolgaol leaves was carried out using the disc diffusion method. The results of antibacterial activity showed that the highest inhibitory power of Simargaolgaol leaf extract was ethanol extract (polar), ethyl acetate extract (semi polar) and n-hexane extract (non polar). The inhibitory power of ethanol extract, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane against Escherichia coli bacteria was 13.1 mm (strong); 9.7 mm (medium); 8.0 mm (medium) and for Salmonella typhi bacteria respectively 11.2 mm (strong); 10.7 mm (strong) and 9.3 mm (medium). With the concentration of the extract in the diameter is 10%. Based on this, it can be concluded that Simargaolgaol leaf extract has potential as an antibacterial. Keywords: Aglaonema modestum Schott ex Engl, Antibacterial activity, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi

scholarly journals IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CHALCONE DERIVATIVES FROM Kaempferia pandurata RHIZOMES AGAINST CLINICAL ISOLATE BACTERIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soerya Dewi Marliyana ◽  
Yana Maolana Syah ◽  
Didin - Mujahidin
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Clinical Isolate ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Chalcone Derivatives ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Vacuum Liquid Chromatography

<p>In vitro antibacterial activity of chalcone derivatives from “temu kunci” (<em>K. pandurta</em>) rhizomes against clinical isolate bacteria has been done. Two chalcone derivatives, panduratin A (<strong>1</strong>) and 4-hydroxypanduratin A (<strong>2</strong>) were isolated from <em>Kaempferia pandurata</em> rhizomes. Isolation of the chemical components were done with extraction (maceration), vacuum liquid chromatography and radial chromatography methods. The structures were determined by NMR spectroscopy (<sup>1</sup>H-NMR, <sup>13</sup>C-NMR, 1D and 2D), then compare with data from literatures. Antibacterial activity was carried out with reference to the CLSI microdilution method, against eight clinical isolate bacteria such as <em>Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysentriae </em>and<em> Vibrio cholerae.</em> Compounds <strong>1</strong> and <strong>2</strong> showed significant antibacterial activity with highest activity against <em>S. aureus</em> and <em>B. subtilis</em> with MIC values of 2.4 to 18.8 µg/mL and MBC values of 4.8 to 37.5 µg/mL. These results showed these compounds as potential antibacterial agent for clinical isolate bacteria.</p>

scholarly journals Synthesis of Phenyl-1,3-thiazole Substituted Amino s-triazines as Antibacterial Agents

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Gahtori ◽  
BK Singh ◽  
Aparoop Das
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Dilution Technique ◽  
Triazine Derivatives ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Broth Dilution

Amino s-triazines are widely believed to exert their antibacterial effects by nonspecific mechanisms. We assessed the extent to which physicochemical properties can be exploited to promote discriminative activity. In a wide search program towards new and efficient antibacterial agents, a series of amino substituted s-triazines were synthesized and subsequently screened for their in-vitro antibacterial activity against three Gram positive (Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, Staphylococcus aureus) and three Gram-negative microorganism (Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes) by the broth dilution technique, recommended by European Committee for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (EUCAST) with reference to streptomycin. The phenyl-1,3-thiazole substituted amino-s-triazine derivatives showed good antibacterial activity. Key words: Antibacterial activity, Bacterial resistance, Broth dilution technique, Physicochemical properties, s-Triazine. doi: 10.3329/dujps.v7i2.2164 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 7(2): 107-111, 2008 (December)

In Vitro Evaluation of Ethanolic and Aqueous Crude Extracts of Newbouldia laevis Leaves on Bacterial Isolates from Ear Infections

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Anulika M. Kanu ◽  
J.E. Kalu ◽  
T. Kalu
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Ear Infections ◽  
High Concentrations

The antibacterial effects of ethanolic and aqueous crude extract of leaves of Newbouldia laevis were evaluated against pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli isolated from ear infections. A concentration gradient of the ethanolic and aqueous extract (12.5 mg/ml – 100 mg/ml) was prepared and its effectiveness was tested by agar well diffusion method and nutrient broth dilution technique. The organisms tested varied in pattern of susceptibility but were more sensitive at high concentrations. The zone of inhibition of aqueous extract of Newbouldia laevis on test organisms ranged from 4.0 to 15 mm while the ethanolic extracts of Newbouldia laevis on test organisms ranged from 6.5 to 21.00 mm. The comparative susceptibility of test bacteria to Newbouldia and ciprofloxacin showed that there was a significant difference in the antibacterial activity of leaf extract and the antibiotic standard. The MIC values ranged from 12.5 mg/ml to 25 mg/ml. The extract showed a higher antibacterial activity against E. coli, Bacillus spp and S. epidermidis. The result of the study suggests that the leaf extract of N. laevis has the potential and could be used as a source for new broad spectrum antibiotics to treat ear infections caused by test organisms.

scholarly journals Isolasi, Identifikasi Senyawa Alkaloid Dan Uji Efektivitas Penghambatan Dari Ekstrak Daun Sirih (Piper betle L.) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwendolyn L. Kapondo ◽  
. Fatimawali ◽  
Meilani Jayanti
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Betel Leaf ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Density Values

Abstract: Betel leaf (Piper betle L) contains alkaloid compounds and has antibacterial and antiseptic functions. The purpose of this research was to isolated alkaloid compounds also to tested the effectiveness of inhibition of the betel leaf extract against the Staphylococcus epidermidis bacterial growth. Simplicia betel leaf was extracted used 96% of ethanol solvent. Antibacterial activity tested of betel leaf extract with a concentration variation of 25%, 20%, 15%, 10% and 5% using the liquid dilution method. The results of identification of alkaloid isolates used UV-Vis Spectrophotometry method can be known alkaloid compounds contained in betel leaves include alkaloids with indole base framework that was absorption at 262 nm and 274 nm wavelengths. The results of the effectiveness of betel leaf on Bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis used the liquid dilution method showed that betel leaf extract with Optical density values at concentrations of 25%, 20%, 15% and 10% before and after incubation decreased respectively by -0.347, -0.304, -0.192 and -0.104, while at a concentration of 5% there was increase in Optical density values of 0.162. From the results of the research, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of betel leaf contains an alkaloid with an indole base framework and was inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria with a MIC at a concentration of 10%.Keywords: betel leaf, Staphylococcus epidermidis, alkaloid compound, liquid dilution.  Abstrak: Daun Sirih (Piper betle L) mengandung senyawa alkaloid dan memiliki fungsi sebagai antibakteri dan antiseptik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi senyawa alkaloid dan menguji efektivitas penghambatan dari ekstrak daun sirih hijau terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis. Simplisia daun sirih hijau diekstraksi dengan menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun sirih dengan variasi konsentrasi 25%, 20%, 15%, 10% dan 5% menggunakan metode dilusi cair. Hasil identifikasi terhadap isolat alkaloid menggunakan metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis dapat diketahui senyawa alkaloid yang terkandung dalam daun sirih termasuk alkaloid dengan kerangka dasar Indol yang mempunyai serapan pada panjang gelombang 262 nm dan 274 nm. Hasil uji efektivitas daun sirih terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis dengan metode dilusi cair menunjukan bahwa ekstrak daun sirih dengan nilai densitas optik pada konsentrasi 25%, 20%, 15% dan 10% sebelum dan sesudah inkubasi mengalami penurunan berturut-turut sebesar -0.347, -0.304, -0.192 dan -0.104, sedangkan pada konsentrasi 5% mengalami kenaikan nilai densitas optik sebesar 0.162. Dari hasil penelitian yang diperoleh, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun sirih mengandung alkaloid dengan kerangka dasar indol dan memiliki aktivitas penghambatan terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis dengan KHM pada konsentrasi 10%.Kata Kunci: daun sirih, Staphylococcus epidermidis, senyawa alkaloid, dilusi cair.

scholarly journals IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CHALCONE DERIVATIVES FROM Kaempferia pandurata RHIZOMES AGAINST CLINICAL ISOLATE BACTERIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Soerya Dewi Marliyana ◽  
Yana Maolana Syah ◽  
Didin - Mujahidin
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Clinical Isolate ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Chalcone Derivatives ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Vacuum Liquid Chromatography

<p>In vitro antibacterial activity of chalcone derivatives from “temu kunci” (<em>K. pandurta</em>) rhizomes against clinical isolate bacteria has been done. Two chalcone derivatives, panduratin A (<strong>1</strong>) and 4-hydroxypanduratin A (<strong>2</strong>) were isolated from <em>Kaempferia pandurata</em> rhizomes. Isolation of the chemical components were done with extraction (maceration), vacuum liquid chromatography and radial chromatography methods. The structures were determined by NMR spectroscopy (<sup>1</sup>H-NMR, <sup>13</sup>C-NMR, 1D and 2D), then compare with data from literatures. Antibacterial activity was carried out with reference to the CLSI microdilution method, against eight clinical isolate bacteria such as <em>Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysentriae </em>and<em> Vibrio cholerae.</em> Compounds <strong>1</strong> and <strong>2</strong> showed significant antibacterial activity with highest activity against <em>S. aureus</em> and <em>B. subtilis</em> with MIC values of 2.4 to 18.8 µg/mL and MBC values of 4.8 to 37.5 µg/mL. These results showed these compounds as potential antibacterial agent for clinical isolate bacteria.</p>

scholarly journals UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PIRDOT (SAURAUIA VULCANI KORTH.) TERHADAP BAKTERI SALMONELLA THYPI

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Debi Dinha Octora ◽  
Romauli Anna Teresia Marbun ◽  
Rahmadona Koto
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Soluble Extract ◽  
The Many

Indonesia is known for the many plants that are used as traditional medicine for disease prevention, including the leaves of the pirdot (Saurauia vulcani Korth) family Actinidiaceae. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of pirdot leaves (Saurauia vulcani Korth). The results of the characterization of pirdot leaf simplicia powder were obtained 3.99% water content, water soluble extract 12.15%, ethanol soluble extract 8.89%, total ash content 9.97%, insoluble ash content in acids 3.17%. The results of phytochemical screening tests contained the chemical compounds of steroids / triterpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins and saponins. Ethanol extract of pirdot leaf has antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi bacteria. The treatment consisted of 4 concentrations, pirdot leaf extract with 3 repetitions, each blank (DMSO), 50 mg / ml, 100 mg / ml, 150mg / ml, 200 mg / ml. After that, it was incubated for 24 hours at 37oC. Inhibition zone diameter observations were made using calipers. The results obtained showed that administration of pirdot leaf extract at concentrations of 50 mg / ml, 100 mg / ml, 150 mg / ml and 200 mg / ml can inhibit the growth of Salmonella typhi bacteria. The results of the antibacterial activity test of pirdot leaf ethanol extract against Salmonella typhi bacteria obtained the highest inhibitory concentration of 200 mg / ml with a diameter of 20.48 mm.

scholarly journals In vitro antibacterial potential of acetone leaf extract of Otostegia integrifolia Benth against human selected bacterial pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 3024-3033
Author(s):  
Kidu Hintsa ◽  
Tekleweyni Tadege ◽  
Tesfay Weletnsae ◽  
Gopalakrishnan V K ◽  
Kamalakararao K ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Broth Dilution ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

Otostegia integrifolia Benth (O. integrifolia) is the endogenous medicinal plant of Ethiopia mostly used for the treatment of Stomach ache, tonsillitis, hypertension, malaria, ascariasis, and lung diseases. The current study was focused on phytochemical analysis and evaluation of the antibacterial activity of O. integrifolia Benth leave extracts against selected human bacterial pathogen by the agar well diffusion and microtube broth dilution method. Plant leaves were extracted with less polar to high polar solvents such as petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, and ethanol. Phytochemical investigation was carried out for the identification of secondary metabolites responsible for antibacterial activity. In vitro antibacterial potential of O.integrifolia Benth leaf organic extracts against human pathogenic gram-negative (E. coli, K. pneumonia, V. cholera) and positive bacteria (B.subtilis, E. faecalis, S.aureus) were assessed by agar well diffusion, and bacterial inhibitory concentration of effective plant extracts was determined by 96 well plate broth dilution assay. Among all the tested organic leaf extracts, the acetone leaf extract of O.integrifolia Benth exhibited a promising broad spectrum of in vitro antibacterial activity against all tested multiple drug-resistant bacteria pathogens with significant MIC values of K.pneumoniae (2.144µg/ml), V. cholera (2.025µg), B.substilis (2.604 µg), and S.aureus (3.028 µg), respectively. The significant antibacterial activity of acetone leaf extracts of O. integrifolia Benth was due to the existence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds. The current studies demonstrated that the broad-spectrum antibacterial activity of acetone leaf extracts of O.integrifolia Benth might be helpful for the isolation of novel potent antibacterial agents against infectious bacterial pathogens without any side effects.

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