The Evaluation of the Levels of Greenhouse Gases due to Activities Carried Out on a Livestock Farm

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1700-1702
Author(s):  
Valeriu Danciulescu ◽  
Andrei Vasile ◽  
Luoana Florentina Pascu ◽  
Bogdan Stanescu ◽  
Ileana Nicolescu
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Dispersion ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Animal Shelters ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Land Cultivation ◽  
Ch4 And N2o

The paper presents the results of tests carried out on a Romanian farm with the purpose of assessing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions specific to agricultural activities. GHG emissions from the agricultural sector come mainly from the livestock sector, manure management, land cultivation and fertilization. The tests carried out mainly focused on the CO2 , CH4 and N2O emissions generated from related manure storage activities as well as the emission level identified in animal shelters. For a correct interpretation of the results obtained, at the same time with the measurement of the GHG concentration, the weather parameters were measured: temperature, humidity and wind direction. The results obtained revealed the presence of these compounds in the air in the animal shelters and in the ambient air (CO2 and CH4) in concentrations that are in the range identified in similar studies around the world. The pollutant dispersion in the air leads to a reduction in the pollutant concentration with increasing distance from the observed source as well as the measurement points at 50, 100 and 500 m, that reaches values below the detection limit of the instrument for CH4 and N2O, whereas in the case of CO2 it reaches the level of the usual concentration in the ambient air.

scholarly journals Greenhouse gas emissions from fen soils used for forage production in northern Germany

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 5221-5244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Poyda ◽  
Thorsten Reinsch ◽  
Christof Kluß ◽  
Ralf Loges ◽  
Friedhelm Taube
Keyword(s):  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Climatic Impact ◽  
Northern Germany ◽  
Ch4 And N2o

Abstract. A large share of peatlands in northwestern Germany is drained for agricultural purposes, thereby emitting high amounts of greenhouse gases (GHGs). In order to quantify the climatic impact of fen soils in dairy farming systems of northern Germany, GHG exchange and forage yield were determined on four experimental sites which differed in terms of management and drainage intensity: (a) rewetted and unutilized grassland (UG), (b) intensive and wet grassland (GW), (c) intensive and moist grassland (GM) and (d) arable forage cropping (AR). Net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 and fluxes of CH4 and N2O were measured using closed manual chambers. CH4 fluxes were significantly affected by groundwater level (GWL) and soil temperature, whereas N2O fluxes showed a significant relation to the amount of nitrate in top soil. Annual balances of all three gases, as well as the global warming potential (GWP), were significantly correlated to mean annual GWL. A 2-year mean GWP, combined from CO2–C eq. of NEE, CH4 and N2O emissions, as well as C input (slurry) and C output (harvest), was 3.8, 11.7, 17.7 and 17.3 Mg CO2–C eq. ha−1 a−1 for sites UG, GW, GM and AR, respectively (standard error (SE) 2.8, 1.2, 1.8, 2.6). Yield-related emissions for the three agricultural sites were 201, 248 and 269 kg CO2–C eq. (GJ net energy lactation; NEL)−1 for sites GW, GM and AR, respectively (SE 17, 9, 19). The carbon footprint of agricultural commodities grown on fen soils depended on long-term drainage intensity rather than type of management, but management and climate strongly influenced interannual on-site variability. However, arable forage production revealed a high uncertainty of yield and therefore was an unsuitable land use option. Lowest yield-related GHG emissions were achieved by a three-cut system of productive grassland swards in combination with a high GWL (long-term mean  ≤  20 cm below the surface).

scholarly journals Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca dan Hasil Padi dari Cara Olah Tanah dan Pemberian Herbisida Di Lahan Sawah MK 2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranti Ariani ◽  
Hesti Yulianingrum ◽  
Prihasto Setyanto
Keyword(s):  
Rice Yield ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Deep Tillage ◽  
Tillage Treatment ◽  
Ch4 And N2o

Tanpa olah tanah (NT) telah banyak ditunjukkan sebagai praktik pengelolaan lahan sawah yang mampu mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK) karena kemampuannya untuk menyerap karbon dalam tanah. Di luar negeri, bahkan juga oleh FAO, sekarang ini sedang banyak dikembangkan apa yang disebut dengan conservation agriculture, yaitu cara bercocok tanam dengan meminimalkan gangguan pada tanah atau dikenal juga dengan istilah No tillage/Zero Tillage (tanpa olah tanah). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi emisi CH4 dan N2O dari lahan sawah di daerah tropis dengan perlakuan cara olah tanah. Percobaan disusun dengan rancangan faktorial acak kelompok 3 ulangan. Perlakuan yang dicobakan terdiri dari 2 faktor, yaitu faktor I cara olah tanah (1) Olah tanah sempurna, (2) tanpa olah tanah, dan faktor II adalah pemberian herbisida berupa (1) glifosat, (2) paraquat dan (3) tanpa herbisida. Jarak tanam adalah tegel 20 cm x 20 cm. Emisi CH4 pada MK 2015 yang terendah adalah pada perlakuan tanpa olah tanah (TOT) dan pemberian herbisida glifosat, yaitu sebesar 201 kg CH4/ha/musim dan yang tertinggi pada perlakuan olah tanah sempurna tanpa penambahan herbisida yaitu sebesar 353 kg CH4/ha/musim. Tanpa olah tanah menghasilkan rerata fluks harian CH4 yang lebih rendah dibanding perlakuan olah tanah sempurna. Emisi N2O terendah dihasilkan pada perlakuan olah tanah sempurna dengan penambahan herbisida glifosat, yaitu sebesar 0,34 kg N2O/ha/musim, dan tertinggi pada perlakuan tanpa olah tanah dengan penambahan herbisida paraquat yaitu sebesar 0,65 kg N2O/ha/musim. Hasil padi pada semua perlakuan menunjukkan nilai yang tidak berbeda nyata. Faktor emisi N2O langsung dari lahan padi sawah irigasi dengan perlakuan olah tanah dan herbisida berkisar antara 0,0008 – 0,0015 kg N2O-N/kg N dengan kisaran hasil padi sebesar 4,96 – 5,12 t/ha GKG. Secara total, yang dinyatakan dengan GWP, perlakuan tanpa olah tanah menimbulkan emisi GRK yang lebih kecil dibanding perlakuan olah tanah sempurnaKata kunci: olah tanah, herbisida, GWP, CH4, N2OABSTRACTNo-tillage (NT) management has been promoted as a practice capable of offsetting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions because of its ability to sequester carbon in soils. Even FAO and many countries, are now being widely developed what so called conservation agriculture, on how to grow crops with minimize soil disturbance or also known as No tillage/Zero tillage. This study aimed to obtain information CH4 and N2O emissions and grain yield from rice fields in the tropics with tillage treatments. The experiment was arranged in a randomized factorial design with 3 replications. The treatments tested consisted of two factors, namely the first factor was tillage (1) deep tillage, (2) zero tillage, and the second factor is application of herbicide in the form of (1) glyphosate, (2) paraquat and (3) without herbicides, using tiles row spacing (20 x 20 cm). In DS 2015, the lowest CH4 emissions resulted from no-tillage (TOT) treatment combined with the application of glyphosate, which amounted to 201 kg CH4/ha/ season and the highest resulted from deep tillage treatment combined with no herbicide, which amounted to 353 kg CH4/ha/season. Daily CH4 fluxes from No tillage treatment are lower than those from deep tillage treatments. The lowest N2O emissions resulted from deep tillage treatments combined with the application of glyphosate, which amounted to 0.34 kg N2O/ha/season, and the highest resulted from no-tillage treatment combined with paraquat, which amounted to 0.65 kg N2O/ha/season. Rice yield were not significantly different among treatments. Direct N2O factors emissions from irrigated rice field applied tillage and herbicide treatments ranged from 0.0008 to 0.0015 kg N2O-N/kg N with rice yield range of 4.96 to 5.12 t/ha. In total, expressed by GWP, no tillage treatment resulted lower GHG emissions than deep tillage treatments.Keywords: tillage, herbicide, GWP, CH4, N2OCitation: Ariani, M., Yulianingrum, H. dan Setyanto, P. (2017). Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca dan Hasil Padi dari Cara Olah Tanah dan Pemberian Herbisida Di Lahan Sawah MK 2015. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 15(2), 74-82, doi:10.14710/jil.15.2.74-82

scholarly journals Greenhouse gas emissions from fen soils used for forage production in northern Germany

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Poyda ◽  
Thorsten Reinsch ◽  
Christof Kluß ◽  
Ralf Loges ◽  
Friedhelm Taube
Keyword(s):  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Climatic Impact ◽  
Northern Germany ◽  
Northwest Germany ◽  
Ch4 And N2o

Abstract. A large share of peatlands in northwest Germany is drained for agricultural purposes, thereby emitting high amounts of greenhouse gases (GHG). In order to quantify the climatic impact of fen soils in dairy farming systems of northern Germany, GHG exchange and forage yield were determined on four experimental sites which differed in terms of management and drainage intensity: a) rewetted and unutilized grassland (UG), b) intensive and 'wet' grassland (GW), c) intensive and 'moist' grassland (GM) and d) arable forage cropping (AR). Net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 and fluxes of CH4 and N2O were measured using closed manual chambers. CH4 fluxes were significantly affected by groundwater level (GWL) and soil temperature, whereas N2O fluxes showed a significant relation to the amount of nitrate in top soil. Annual balances of all three gases, as well as the global warming potential (GWP), were significantly correlated to mean annual GWL. Two-year mean GWP, combined from C2-C-equivalents of NEE, CH4 and N2O emissions, as well as C input (slurry) and C output (harvest), was 3.8, 11.7, 17.7 and 17.3 Mg CO2-C-eq ha−1 a−1 for sites UG, GW, GM and AR, respectively (standard error (SE) 2.8, 1.2, 1.8, 2.6). Yield related emissions for the three agricultural sites were 201, 248 and 269 kg CO2-C-eq (GJ net energy lactation (NEL))−1 for sites GW, GM and AR, respectively (SE 17, 9, 19). The carbon footprint of agricultural commodities grown on fen soils depended on long-term drainage intensity rather than type of management, but management and climate strongly influenced interannual on-site variability. However, arable forage production revealed a high uncertainty of yield and therefore was an unsuitable land use option. Lowest yield related GHG emissions were achieved by a three-cut system of productive grassland swards in combination with a high GWL (long-term mean ≤ 20 cm below the surface).

Modelling the influence of soil carbon on net greenhouse gas emissions from grazed pastures

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachelle Meyer ◽  
Brendan R. Cullen ◽  
Richard J. Eckard
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Soil C ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Ch4 And N2o

Sequestering carbon (C) in soil organic matter in grassland systems is often cited as a major opportunity to offset greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, these systems are typically grazed by ruminants, leading to uncertainties in the net GHG balance that may be achieved. We used a pasture model to investigate the net balance between methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and soil C in sheep-grazed pasture systems with two starting amounts of soil C. The net emissions were calculated for four soil types in two rainfall zones over three periods of 19 years. Because of greater pasture productivity, and consequent higher sheep stocking rates, high-rainfall sites were associated with greater GHG emissions that could not be offset by C sequestration. On these high-rainfall sites, the higher rate of soil organic carbon (SOC) increase on low-SOC soils offset an average of 45% of the livestock GHG emissions on the modelled chromosol and 32% on the modelled vertosol. The slow rate of SOC increase on the high-SOC soils only offset 2–4% of CH4 and N2O emissions on these high-rainfall sites. On low-rainfall sites, C sequestration in low-SOC soils more than offset livestock GHG emissions, whereas the modelled high-C soils offset 75–86% of CH4 and N2O emissions. Greater net emissions on high-C soils were due primarily to reduced sequestration potential and greater N2O emissions from nitrogen mineralisation and livestock urine. Annual variation in CH4 and N2O emissions was low, whereas annual SOC change showed high annual variation, which was more strongly correlated with weather variables on the low-rainfall sites compared with the high-rainfall sites. At low-soil C concentrations, with high sequestration potential, there is an initial mitigation benefit that can in some instances offset enteric CH4 and direct and indirect N2O emissions. However, as soil organic matter increases there is a trade-off between diminishing GHG offsets and increasing ecosystem services, including mineralisation and productivity benefits.

scholarly journals Climate SMART Agriculture: How well does the agricultural sector in Luxembourg perform in terms of climate change?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyne Stoll ◽  
Christian Schader ◽  
Torsten Bohn ◽  
Rachel Reckinger ◽  
Laura Leimbrock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Climate Impact ◽  
Goal Achievement ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Sustainability Performance ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Farm Type ◽  
Grazing Livestock

<p>In Luxembourg, the agricultural sector was responsible for 711.7 Gg CO<sub>2</sub>-equivalents in 2016, which corresponds to 6.95 % of the total country greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Over 50 % of the farms are specialist grazing livestock farms. The beef and cattle milk production account globally together for over 60 % of the sector’s global emissions. Thus, the climate impact of the whole agricultural sector in Luxembourg can be significantly lowered by reducing the GHG emissions of the specialist grazing livestock sector. However, beyond farm type, the GHG emissions of a farm are also influenced by other factors, such as management systems and farming practices. To enable a transition towards a more climate-positive agriculture, insights into the sustainability performance in terms of climate change are needed.</p><p>The aim of this study is to determine the current sustainability performance of the Luxembourgish specialist grazing livestock sector in terms of climate change. The climate impact of the different specialist grazing livestock farm types (OTE (orientation technico-économique) 45 - Specialist dairying; OTE 46 - Specialist cattle - rearing and fattening and OTE 47 - Cattle - dairying, rearing and fattening combined) and of different management systems (conventional or organic) was assessed at farm-level. Furthermore, the relationship between the sustainability performance in terms of climate change and other areas of sustainability is being studied. Farming practices of 60 farms typical for Luxembourg in regard to their share of arable land and permanent grassland (OTE 45: 3 farms; OTE 46: 15; OTE 45: 11; Conventional: 44; Organic: 16) and their respective sustainability implications were assessed in 2019 according to the FAO SAFA Guidelines (Guidelines for the Sustainability Assessment of Food and Agriculture Systems, 2014) using the Sustainability Monitoring and Assessment RouTine (SMART)-Farm Tool (v5.0). Organic farms were highly overrepresented, with 26.7 % in the sample compared to 5 % of all Luxembourgish farms. The data was collected during a farm visit and a 3 h interview with the farm manager. The impact of management system and farm type on the SAFA-goal achievement for the sub-theme Greenhouse Gases (GHG) were studied.</p><p>The results show that the sustainability performances of the participating farms were moderate to good. Goal achievement for the sub-theme GHG was moderate and did not differ significantly between the three farm types (OTE 45: 53.3 % ±3.9 SD goal achievement; OTE 46: 55.6 % ±7.3 SD; OTE 47: 54.6 % ±6.9 SD). Organic farms showed a significantly higher mean goal achievement for GHG than conventional farms (p-value < 0.001) (organic: 58.3 % ±6.0 SD; conventional: 52.6 % ±4.4 SD). For indicators positively impacting GHG, the organic and the OTE 46 farms had generally higher ratings. Correlations between GHG and the other sub-themes were mainly in the Environmental Integrity dimension, showing that implementing climate-positive farming practices can also improve other ecological aspects. The indicator analysis identified the following linchpins: increase in protein autarky, closing of farming cycles and holistic approach with strategic decision making leading to harmonized actions towards a sustainable and climate positive farming system.</p>

scholarly journals EMISIÓN DE METANO Y ÓXIDO NITROSO DE LOS SEDIMENTOS DE MANGLAR DE LA CIÉNAGA GRANDE DE SANTA MARTA, CARIBE COLOMBIANO

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julián Mauricio Betancourt Portela ◽  
Juan Pablo Parra ◽  
Carlos Villamil
Keyword(s):  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Mangrove Sediments ◽  
Ch4 And N2o ◽  
Magdalena River ◽  
Global Carbon

In Colombia there is little information on the role of mangroves in relation to greenhouse gases (GHG), their release rates under different environmental conditions, or their role in the global carbon cycle. For these reasons, in this study we evaluated the fluxes of CH4 and N2O, in four sectors of the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (CGSM) with different degrees of conservation of mangrove forests, to determine their role as a source or sink of GHG. The fluxes were measured by the method of the static chambers and showed variations between 34.7-1179.7 and nd-31569.2 μg.m-2.h-1 for N2O and CH4, respectively, showing that mangrove sediments of CGSM are a net source of GHG, and furthermore are of the same magnitude as levels recorded world-wide in mangroves subjected to sewage input. Statistical analyses showed differences between sectors but not between climatic periods. N2O emissions were highest in the Agua Negras station (AN, 847.3 ± 265.7 μg.m-2.h-1), a locality in the process of natural regeneration with a direct influence from the Magdalena River and in Caño Dragado (CD, 438.7 ± 235.3 μg.m-2.h-1); while emissions were lower in the recovery sites Caño Grande (CG) and Rinconada (RIN), (104.7 ± 49.4 and 152.1 ± 36.0 μg.m-2.h-1, respectively). The highest CH4 emission was recorded in recovery sectors: CG and AN (9573.4 ± 8623.8 and 4328.2 ± 7569.5 μg.m-2.h-1, respectively). In terms of CO2-equivalent, N2O emissions account for over 50% of the total, and this has been documented for agricultural systems and constitutes evidence of deterioration of CD. A correlation analysis with environmental factors showed that N2O emissions vary inversely with salinity and positively with nitrites, suggesting production mainly via nitrification. Finally, a coarse estimation of GHG emissions per hectare indicated that, depending on the state of conservation or deterioration of the mangrove, emissions can vary from 10.2 to 27.1 tCO2-eq.ha-1.a-1.

scholarly journals Estimation of Greenhouse Gases Emitted from Energy Industry (Oil Refining and Electricity Generation) in Iraq Using IPCC Methodology

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 662
Author(s):  
Bassim Mohammed Hashim ◽  
Maitham Abdullah Sultan ◽  
Ali Al Maliki ◽  
Nadhir Al-Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Ipcc Methodology ◽  
Oil Derivatives ◽  
Ch4 And N2o

The energy sector is integral to the wellbeing of the entire Iraqi economy and will remain so well into the future. In the current study, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodology was used to estimate CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions from oil refining and electricity generation in Iraq for a period exceeding 25 years. From 1990, Iraq experienced two wars and an economic siege, then faced political, social, and security instability, which affected its energy production. The results showed that the CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions from the oil refining and electricity generation in Iraq experienced a sharp decline in the years 1991, 2003, and 2007 due to a decrease in the production of oil derivatives in refineries, according to political and security conditions. The total CO2 emissions from the types of fuel used in electricity generation in Iraq was approximately 14,000 Gg and 58,000 Gg in 1990 and 2017, respectively. The increase in CO2 emissions was greater than 300% between 1990 and 2017. The continued use of poor types of fuel, such as fuel oil and crude oil, will lead to an increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from these sources, and higher levels of environmental pollution.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Cut Grasslands Renovated with Full Inversion Tillage, Shallow Tillage, and Use of a Tine Drill in Nasu, Japan

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Akinori Mori
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Weed Invasion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ch4 And N2o ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

To restore the productivity of a deteriorated sward due to weed invasion, renovation (re-sowing) is necessary. However, the renovation method used can affect the sward’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and herbage yield. This study compared the effects of renovation using full inversion tillage (F), shallow tillage (S), or a tine drill (T) on the GHG emissions and herbage yield of a grassland in Nasu, Japan. Two adjacent grasslands were renovated in September 2015 (year 1) and 2016 (year 2). In each year, F, S, and T plots (5 m × 20 m each) were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications and then orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) was seeded. All plots received 40 kg-N ha−1 for renovation and 190 kg-N ha−1 y−1 the following year. Carbon balance (i.e., the difference between C input through crop residue and C output through heterotrophic respiration), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, and herbage yield were measured over a period of 411 or 412 days. Cumulative N2O emissions were significantly smaller from F and S plots than from T plots, however, there was no significant difference in the sum of GHG emissions (i.e., C balance plus cumulative CH4 and N2O emissions) among F, S, and T plots. The cumulative total herbage yields of the F, S, and T plots did not differ significantly from each other. Consequently, the GHG intensity—i.e., the sum of GHG emissions per cumulative total herbage yield—was not significantly different among the F, S, and T plots.

scholarly journals Water–Air Interface Greenhouse Gas Emissions (CO2, CH4, and N2O) Emissions Were Amplified by Continuous Dams in an Urban River in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dengxing Yang ◽  
Xufeng Mao ◽  
Xiaoyan Wei ◽  
Yaqing Tao ◽  
Zhifa Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Amplification Coefficient ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Air Interface ◽  
Amplifying Effect ◽  
Ch4 And N2o ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Continuous dams may lead to great variation in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from rivers, which contribute more uncertainty to regional carbon balance. This study is among the first to determine water–air interface GHGs (CO2, CH4, and N2O) in a river with continuous dams in plateau city. Combined static-chamber gas and meteorological chromatography were utilized to monitor the GHGs emission flux at the water–air interface within four continuous dams in the Huoshaogou River in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China. A variation coefficient (VC) and amplification coefficient (AC) were designed to detect the influence of continuous dams on GHG emissions. Results indicate that (1) cascade dams presented an amplifying effect on GHGs emissions from the water-air interface. The VCs of three types of GHGs are 3.7–6.7 times higher than those of the undammed area. The ACs of three types of GHGs are 2.7–4.1 times larger than environmental factors; (2) the average GHG emission fluxes in some dams are higher than that of the first dam, indicating that an amplifying effect may have been accumulated by some continuous dams; (3) EC, pH, Twater, Tair and TDS are found to be principle influencing factors of GHG emission and light intensity, Twater, TOC (plant), TN (sediment) and TOC (sediment) are found to be associated with accumulative changes in GHG emission.

scholarly journals Considerations on the Environmental and Social Sustainability of Animal-based Policies

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santeramo ◽  
Lamonaca ◽  
Tappi ◽  
Di Gioia
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Bargaining Position

The contribution of the livestock sector to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as well as the worsening of animal welfare, with the intensification of production methods, have become increasingly relevant. Our contribution investigates the environmental impacts, in terms of methane and nitrous oxide emissions, of animal-based policies supported by the European Union. We examine factors affecting the adoption and the magnitude of related budget of Measure 215—animal welfare—of Rural Development Programmes 2007–2013. Our focus is cattle farming in Italy. The results highlight that the problem of animal welfare is highly perceived in regions with greater livestock intensity, also where GHG emissions are relevant. Given the adoption of measure 215, more budget tends to be allocated in regions where livestock units are particularly high. In addition, from the analysis emerges the bargaining position of regions with a higher propensity to the agricultural sector.

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