scholarly journals Chemical Treatment with Fluoroquinolones on the Tear Film and Ocular Surface after Cataract Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 434-440
Author(s):  
Aurelian Mihai Ghita ◽  
Ana Cristina Ghita ◽  
Sanziana Istrate ◽  
Florin Balta ◽  
Radu Ciuluvica
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Measured Quantity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Breakup Time

Quinolone antibacterial activity is related to its chemical structure, a synthetic fluorinated analog of nalidixic acid. Cataract surgery is responsible for visual improvement having a major positive impact on the quality of patients� lives. According to the international guidelines, the administration of levofloxacin after cataract surgery decreases the incidence of postoperatively endophthalmitis. In this context we aimed to study the impact of adding topical fluoroquinolones to the conventional treatment after cataract surgery on the ocular surface and tear film. 125 of eyes of 125 patients with cataract were included. The enrolled patients were divided into three groups, a control group of patients that received topical Tobramycin, Dexamethasone and Indomethacin, a second group where moxifloxacin was added and a third group with levofloxacin instead of moxifloxacin. For all the patients, tear film breakup time, Schirmer II test, slit lamp examination preoperatively and postoperatively at one week were performed together with individual Ocular Surface Disease Index at one week after cataract surgery. The test results revealed that 52% of our studied patients had an abnormal preoperatively tear film breakup time, and 76.8% after cataract surgery, with a statistically significant decrease of the measured values. The preoperatively measured quantity of tears presented a no statistically significant decrease one week after cataract surgery. Also, we found an increase in the percentage of patients with punctate epithelial erosions. It is important and useful to identify prior to surgery patients with ocular surface disease and the ones at risk to develop clinical manifestations in order to treat them accordingly because, cataract surgery exacerbates the preexistent ocular symptoms. The addition of topical fluoroquinolones after cataract surgery in patients with dry eye is safe, with minimal alterations of the ocular surface and tear production, without statistically significant differences as compared to the control group.

scholarly journals Tear Film Osmolarity of the Eye after Cataract Surgery. Summary of the Doctoral Thesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ēriks Elksnis ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
Early Postoperative Period ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Significant Difference

Almost every cataract surgeon has encountered a situation during the postoperative period when, even though, the primary goal – improvement of visual acuity – has been achieved, yet the patient felt frustrated because of subjective discomfort in the operated eye. Sometimes this issue is more disturbing for the patient than the hope for a perfect visual outcome. Although it has been established that the ocular surface is affected during the postoperative period, there is still no generally accepted opinion about the changes in tear osmolarity after cataract surgery despite several studies dedicated to evaluation of these changes. The present study was designed to elucidate the effect of cataract surgery on the characteristic feature of ocular surface homeostasis – tear film osmolarity in the early postoperative period. Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in tear film osmolarity after a cataract surgery in a healthy ocular surface. Methods. For this purpose two examination groups were formed. The study group included voluntary patients undergoing cataract surgery not having any complaints about subjective symptoms typical of dry eye disease. In order to correspond to the criteria of healthy ocular surface, the study group excludes the following types of patients and conditions: contact lens wearers, patients with diabetes, pseudoexfoliation, pterygia and eye drop users. The eye that has not undergone the surgery was classified as the control group. This single–center, prospective study was held at Ophthalmology department of Pauls Stradins Clinical university hospital. All cataract surgeries were done by the same surgeon. The tear osmolarity tests were evaluated with TearLab Osmolarity System (TearLab Corporation, San Diego, CA, the USA) before surgery, in the next morning, one week and one month after the surgery. Results. No statistically significant difference was observed between the groups before operation when comparing the mean tear osmolarity – in the study group it was 296.87 mOsm/L, and in the control group it was 297.27 mOsm/L (p = 0.84). The tear osmolarity results changed significantly during early postoperative period in the study group (p < 0.001), while in non–operated eye no significant tear film osmolarity changes were observed (p = 0.86). Significant changes were recognized on the next day after the surgery – the tears became hypoosmolar (< 275 mOsm/L). One week later the tear osmolarity increased significantly, and the tears became hyperosmolar (312.64 mOsm/L). Over the course of one month, the test values for the study and control groups equalized (297.87 in the study group and 298.93 in the control group (p = 0.66)), when compared to preoperative tear osmolarity results. Conclusion. The results achieved lead towards a more detailed understanding of the changes in the ocular surface homeostasis after a cataract surgery. The obtained data indicate that tear osmolarity changes considerably during the first postoperative month after a cataract surgery. Also, there is a huge difference in measurements between operated and non–operated eye on the next day and one week after the surgery. One month after the surgery tear osmolarity returns to preoperative test results, and there is no difference determined between the eyes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Tear Film Osmolarity Among Diabetic Patients Using a TearLab Osmometer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALI ABUSHARHA ◽  
Ali Alsagr ◽  
Mohammad Alobaid ◽  
Ali Almayouf ◽  
Sulaiman Alajlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Ocular Discomfort

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to determine the effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus on tear osmolarity using a TearLab Osmolarity system. Moreover, the relationship between tear film osmolarity and ocular surface discomfort in controlled and uncontrolled diabetic patients was assessed.Patients and Methods: This study included 40 male type 2 diabetic patients aged 20 to 70 years (mean + SD 49±12). A control group (18–43 years; 32.2 ± 6.5 years) consisting of 40 male subjects was also enrolled for comparison. The tear osmolarity was measured using the TearLab Osmolarity System. The ocular surface disease index questionnaire (OSDI) was used to assess ocular discomfort symptoms.Results: The mean tear osmolarity was 297 + 8.00 and 296 + 11 mOsm/L for controlled and uncontrolled diabetic subjects, respectively. While the average osmolarity in the control group was 299 + 8.00 mOsm/L. No significant differences were detected in tear osmolarity between the control and diabetes groups. The ocular surface disease index questionnaire (OSDI) score was significantly higher in the diabetic patient group. No significant correlation was found between tear osmolarity and OSDI scores.Conclusion: The ocular discomfort symptoms score in diabetic patients was significantly higher compared to normal eye subjects. Tear osmolarity was not significantly different in diabetic patients. This finding may be explained by a lack of relationship between tear film parameters and diabetic severity; tear film parameters may correlate more with diabetic duration rather than severity. Therefore, studies focused on diabetes duration and tear film parameters are recommended.

scholarly journals Changes in Ocular Surface Disease Evaluated after Nonpenetrating Deep Sclerectomy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlota Fuente-García ◽  
Francisco José Muñoz-Negrete ◽  
Elisabet de Dompablo-Ventura ◽  
Javier Moreno-Montañés ◽  
Gema Rebolleda
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Deep Sclerectomy ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Group A ◽  
Tear Meniscus Height

Abstract Objective: To analyse the ocular surface changes in eyes after the withdraw of anti-glaucomatous drugs when non-penetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS) is performed.Methods: 31 patients (33 eyes) diagnosed of glaucoma that underwent NPDS, were included in this prospective study. Control group included 33 eyes of 33 age and sex-matched volunteers. Five variables were studied with Keratograph 5M (K5M): ocular hyperaemia (OH), non-invasive tear film break-up time (NI-BUT), lower tear meniscus height (LTMH) and meibography. LTMH was also measured using the anterior segment module of Spectralis Fourier-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (FD-OCT). Also, an evaluation of corneal and conjunctival staining was performed.In addition, patients were asked to answer two questionnaires: Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25) before and 6-months after surgery.Results: Before NPDS, treated eyes, showed worse objective data than healthy controls (p ≤0.049). In this group, a significant improvement was observed in the questionnaires (p< 0.001), LTMH FD-OCT (p=0.037) and LTMH K5M (p=0.025), K5M OH (p=0.003), NI-BUT (=0.022) and conjunctival and corneal staining (p<0.001). No significant differences were observed between groups in FD-OCT and K5M LTMH, NI-BUT, corneal-conjunctival staining and in the most OH sector values at 6 months(p ≥0.62).Conclusion: A significant improvement in the ocular surface was observed 6 months after NPDS, suggesting that the withdrawn of the topical anti-glaucomatous treatment has a beneficial effect.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Dry Eye after Implantable Collamer Lens Surgery

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiting Chen ◽  
Xueyan Feng ◽  
Guangzeng Niu ◽  
Yuxiang Fan
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Quality Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Implantable Collamer Lens ◽  
Lens Surgery ◽  
Breakup Time

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> To evaluate dry eye (DE) and associated meibomian gland dysfunction parameters after Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) surgery. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This is a prospective observational case series. Patients who underwent ICL implantation without previous ocular diseases or ophthalmic treatments were enrolled. Their Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), noninvasive breakup time (NIBUT), meibography, slit-lamp examination of the lid margin, corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), and Schirmer test I were examined preoperatively and at 1 and 3 months postoperatively. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 117 eyes of 60 patients were enrolled, and 107 eyes completed 3-month follow-up period. OSDI, lid marginal abnormality, and meibomian gland (MG) secretion, and meibum quality score were significantly higher at 1 month postoperatively and recovered partially at 3 months after surgeries, while NIBUT was significantly decreased all the time. Patients with previous DE symptoms (OSDI score ≥12) showed not only lower Schirmer and TBUT values but also higher CFS, lid margin score, MG loss, MG secretion, and meibum quality scores compared with those in the control group after operations. Low Schirmer, NIBUT values, and high meibum quality score were determined as risk factors for DE symptoms after ICL surgery. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> ICL implantation has a bad influence on the ocular surface and MG functions. The influence may be more obvious in patients with existing DE.

scholarly journals The Impact of Scientific Creative Thinking Skills on Scientific Process Skills

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 01060
Author(s):  
Sibel Demir Kaçan ◽  
Fatma Şahin
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Candidates ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Process Skills ◽  
Scientific Process ◽  
Scientific Creativity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

The research aims to determine “the Impact of Scientific Creative Thinking Skills on Scientific Process Skills”. Thus, the research was performed with 24 teacher candidates in the control group and 24 teacher candidates in the experimental group in the second class of the Department of Science Teaching in a university in Istanbul Province. In the experimental group of the research, the laboratory program to be designed by the researchers on the basis of scientific discussion and research; and in the control group, the conventionally designed laboratory program were applied for an academic semester. The research data was gained through “Scientific Creativity Test” to be developed by Hu and Adey [14] and adapted by Kadayıfçı [16]; “Scientific Process Skills Test” to be developed by Okey, Wise and Burns, and adapted by Geban, Aşkar and Özkan into Turkish. The conclusions to be reached by the research are in favour of the experimental group and the last application, and it has positive impact on the opinions of the teacher candidates related with the development of the scientific creativity skills.

scholarly journals Diagnosis and Treatment Methods for Ocular Surface Disease in Glaucoma

2014 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Gemma C M Rossi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease ◽  
Anterior Surface ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Associated Diseases

Glaucoma and ocular surface disease (OSD) are often concomitant disorders (OSD is the consequence of a tear film dysfunction that may be due to several conditions). The aims of the paper are to suggest a sequence of diagnostic tests easy to perform in daily practice, both subjective and objective, to detect the onset of the OSD; and, second, to propose how to prevent and, if the case, how to manage the OSD. Briefly, tear film break-up time (TF-BUT) and corneal/conjunctival staining are suggested to detect the main signs of OSD. In terms of therapy, the long-term exposure to benzalkonium chloride (BAK) should be minimised, preferring non-BAK-preserved or BAK-free glaucoma medications, where available, as well as fixed combinations. The treatment of associated diseases of the anterior surface may reduce signs; use of non BAK-preserved tears may reduce symptoms.

scholarly journals Changes in Tear-Film Status and Ocular Surface Disease Index Score Following Prolonged Use of Face Mask

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 253-265
Author(s):  
Nawreen Binte Anwar ◽  
Basil Anwar ◽  
Arup Krishna Choudhury ◽  
Mahfuza Rahman Khan ◽  
Md. Anisur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Index Score ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Score Following

scholarly journals Impact of Microfinance on Income and Employment in Pakistan: A Primary Data Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-82
Author(s):  
Shahina Imran ◽  
Rana M. Imran Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Small Enterprise ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Primary Data Analysis ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Household Assets ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: This paper investigates impact of microfinance on household income and employment. It is a primary data research conducted in the Bahawalpur division, Pakistan. The study employed the tool developed by Assessing the Impact of Microenterprise Services (AIMS) and Small Enterprise, Education and Promotion (SEEP). The tool has been modified in local context. The sample consists of 1524 respondents, out of which 773 are established clients (treatment group) and 751 are incoming ones (control group), belonging to different microfinance providers of Pakistan.  Independent Sample T-Test and Multiple regressions have been used for analysis. The regression analysis shows that participation to microfinance program has strong positive impact on household income while very minute positive impact on employment. Other independent variables such as prior access to any other loan, micro saving, household assets, age of respondent, gender, education and household size have positive impact on household income but a mixed impact on income generating activities.

scholarly journals Technology Integrated in Interactive Entrepreneurship Activity to Enhance Students Mastery in Mathematics Concept for Active Mathematics Teaching

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 250-255
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Treatment Session ◽  
Learning Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of interactive entrepreneurship activity in mathematics learning towards students’ mastery in mathematics concepts. The objective is to look at the impact of implementing an active learning strategy combined with technology on mastery of mathematics concepts after engaging in a learning activity. The combination of technology in interactive learning and games kits in the form of interactive entrepreneurship activity has resulted in the innovation of learning strategies to enhance the learning interest, enjoyment and to influence the mastery of students' mathematics concepts. The effectiveness study of the strategy was conducted using an experimental study design that involved 109 students from 2 secondary schools who had participated in a 4-week mathematics learning treatment session. The experiment group was exposed to interactive entrepreneurship activity through the use of a learning kit while the control group followed conventional learning for a selected mathematics topic. Post-test were conducted to see differences in understanding and achievement of mathematics concepts for both groups of students. The results show that there is a significant difference between the mastery of mathematics concept of the experiment group students and the control group students. This shows that the integration of technology in learning activities has a positive impact on student learning. The implications of the study indicate that teachers need to constantly improve pedagogical knowledge based on current technological developments and improve teaching strategies in order to improve student competencies. The parties also need to provide the latest technology to improve the quality of education in line with global developments.

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