scholarly journals Development, Optimization & Application of Corn Cobs as Cost Effective Matrix for Immobilization of Fungal Strains Paecilomyces sinensis and Geotrichum pseudocandidum

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (01) ◽  
pp. 120-128
Author(s):  
Mamta Gokhale ◽  
Rashmi Thakur ◽  
Isha Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Effective Matrix

Biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles by Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans and comparison of their effects with antifungal drugs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Hosseini Bafghi ◽  
Razieh Nazari ◽  
Majid Darroudi ◽  
Mohsen Zargar ◽  
Hossein Zarrinfar
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Selenium Nanoparticles ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract Biosynthesis of nanoparticles can stand as a replacement for the available chemical and physical methods by offering new procedures as green syntheses that have proved to be simple, biocompatible, safe, and cost-effective. Considering how nanoparticles with a size of 1 to 100 nanometers contain unique physical and chemical properties, recent reports are indicative of observing the antifungal qualities of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs). Recently, the observance of antifungal resistance towards different species of these fungi is often reported. Therefore, due to the antifungal effects of biological nanoparticles, this study aimed to investigate the exertion of these nanoparticles and evaluate their effects on the growth of fungal pathogens. Se-NPs were biosynthesized by the application of wet reduction method, which included specific concentrations of Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans. The presence of nanoparticles was confirmed by methods such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR analysis, and FESEM electron microscope that involved FESEM and EDAX diagram. The fungal strains were cultured in sabouraud dextrose agar medium to perform the sensitivity test based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method in duplicate. The utilization of Se-NPs at concentrations of 1 µg/ ml and below resulted in zero growth of fungal agents. However, their growth was inhibited by antifungal drugs at concentrations of 2 µg/ ml and higher. Based on the obtained results, biological nanoparticles produced by fungal agents at different concentrations exhibited favorable inhibitory effects on the growth of fungal strains.

scholarly journals Screening of five marine-derived fungal strains for their potential to produce oxidases with laccase activities suitable for biotechnological applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wissal BEN ALI ◽  
Delphine Chaduli ◽  
David Navarro ◽  
Christian Lechat ◽  
Annick Turbé-Doan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Supernatant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Dye Decolorization ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Active Cell ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Fungal Strains

Abstract Background : Environmental pollution is one of the major problems that the world is facing today. Several approaches have been taken, from physical and chemical methods to biotechnological strategies (e.g. the use of oxidoreductases). Oxidative enzymes from microorganisms offer eco-friendly, cost–effective processes amenable to biotechnological applications, such as in industrial dye decolorization. The aim of this study was to screen marine-derived fungal strains isolated from three coastal areas in Tunisia to identify laccase-like activities, and to produce and characterize active cell-free supernatants of interest for dye decolorization.Results : Following the screening of 20 fungal strains isolated from the harbors of Sfax and Monastir (Tunisia), five strains were identified that displayed laccase-like activities. Molecular-based taxonomic approaches identified these strains as belonging to the species Trichoderma asperellum , Stemphylium lucomagnoense and Aspergillus nidulans . Among these five isolates, one T. asperellum strain ( T. asperellum 1) gave the highest level of secreted oxidative activities, and so was chosen for further studies. Optimization of the growth medium for liquid cultures was first undertaken to improve the level of laccase-like activity in culture supernatants. Finally, the culture supernatant of T. asperellum 1 decolorized different synthetic dyes belonging to diverse dye families, in the presence or absence of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) as a mediator.Conclusions : The optimal growth conditions to produce laccase-like active cell-free supernatants from T. asperellum 1 were 1.8 mM CuSO 4 as an inducer, 1% NaCl to mimic a seawater environment and 3% sucrose as a carbon source. The culture supernatant of T. asperellum 1 effectively decolorized different synthetic dyes belonging to diverse chemical classes, and the presence of HBT as a mediator improved the decolorization process.

Lignocellulose-degrading enzyme production by Pleurotus sapidus WC 529 and its application in lignin degradation / Lignoselüloz-çözücü enzim üretiminde Pleurotus sapidus WC 529 ve lignin parçalanmasındaki uygulamaları

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asgher ◽  
Amna Ijaz ◽  
Muhammad Bilal
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Lignocellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Pleurotus Sapidus

AbstractObjective: Cost-effective production of industrially important enzymes is a key for their successful utilization on large scale. Present study was conducted to appraise Pleurotus sapidus WC 529 potential to produce oxidative (lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, laccase) and hydrolytic (endoglucanase, exoglucanase and β-glucosidase) enzymes, grown on wheat straw, corn cobs, corn stover, rice straw, banana stalk and sugarcane bagasse in solid state fermentation (SSF) process. The crude extract thus produced was used for the delignification of various agro-industrial residues.Methods: Different agricultural wastes were assessed for lignocellulolytic enzymes production. The process parameters were optimized through response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD) for maximum enzyme production.Results: P. sapidus secreted lower levels of hydrolytic enzymes but expressed high laccase, MnP and LiP activities in SSF (228.25, 153.45 and 59.20 UmL-1 respectively) of banana stalk. The optimal conditions for yielding highest enzyme activities were: initial pH, 4; temperature, 35°C; moisture level, 60%; inoculum size, 4 mL, and incubation time, 120 h. The enzyme extract removed 56.54, 51.08, 65.81 and 57.4% lignin from rice straw, sugarcane bagasse, corn cobs and wheat straw, respectively, after 48 h at 35°C.Conclusion: High ligninolytic activities were obtained in SSF of banana stalk by P. sapidus. The enzyme production was considerably improved by optimization through RSM. The results suggest that lignocellulolytic enzymes could be produced using cost-effective carbon sources and implicated to digest lignocellulosic biomass.

Studies on preparation of Bio-Paints using fungal bio-colors

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Nithyananda Sastry ◽  
T. Prabhakar ◽  
M. Lakshmi Narasu
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Information ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Oil In Water Emulsion ◽  
Significant Opportunity

Purpose – This paper aims to isolate fungal strains producing natural colours, explore their application as colourant in paints and develop cost-effective durable natural paints. Design/methodology/approach – Fungal strains producing natural colours of different shades were isolated. Colourant production was carried out by fermentation method. Natural lime, milk, oil-in-water emulsion paints using natural microbial colours and eco-friendly ingredients were prepared. Bio-paint applications were carried out and evaluated. Findings – Our results indicate that microbes in general and fungi in specific represent dependable source of variety of natural colours, and cost-effective durable natural paints can be prepared with commonly available natural ingredients using scientific information based on history of paints. Research limitations/implications – Natural colours are gaining importance because of their use in health, nutrition, pharmaceutical, textile and environmental applications. Nature is quite rich in several types of colourants. Chemical synthesis of synthetic dyes is complex and not environmental friendly. Microbial dyes manufactured can evade inherent environmental problems of synthetic dyes and offer significant opportunity as a colourant in paints. However, only generally regarded as safe microbial strains are to be considered for colour production. Practical implications – Choosing natural alternatives to protect the health and environment is the need of hour. Fungal colourants are relatively more stable and robust and offer significant opportunity as a colourant in paints. Cost-effective durable natural paints can be prepared using selected stable fungal colourants with commonly available natural ingredients. High diversity of rich and complex natural colourants can be obtained from microorganisms. With the available techniques of fermentation, natural colours can be produced in large quantities of on an economically viable scale and explored for their applications. Social implications – Bio-paints are eco-friendly natural paints, low volatile organic compounds (VOC) paints or organic paints alternate to conventional paints. Most of these natural paints are durable, breathable, prevent moisture problems, contribute to a positive room climate, use safer technology and are less energy-intensive than conventional latex paints to produce. These paints improve indoor air quality and reduce urban smog and offer beneficial characteristics such as low odour, excellent durability and a washable finish. Originality/value – Many of the old art works that still survive today are a tangible proof and evidence of beauty and durability of natural paints. Organic materials used in these paints include natural pigments of mineral, plant and animal origin and other raw biodegradable ingredients. Successful commercialisation of many microbial pigments for food and textile applications is reported in literature. Therefore, present research work aims at developing natural paints using microbial pigments and recipes that have been successfully used by people for years.

scholarly journals Screening of marine fungal strains for laccase-like activities amenable to biotechnological applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wissal BEN ALI ◽  
Delphine Chaduli ◽  
David Navarro ◽  
Christian Lechat ◽  
Annick Turbé-Doan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Dye Decolorization ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Seawater Environment ◽  
Culture Supernatants

Abstract Background Environmental pollution is one of the major problems that world is facing to date. Several approaches are been studied and oxidative enzymes from microbial organisms represent an eco-friendly and cost–effective processes, amenable to biotechnological applications, as for instance industrial dye decolorization. The aim of this study was to screen marine-derived fungal strains isolated from three coastal areas in Tunisia, to identify laccase-like activities, and to produce and characterize active fungal secretomes of interest for dye decolorization. Results Following the screening of twenty fungal strains isolated from the harbours of Sfax and Monastir (Tunisia), five strains were identified displaying laccase-like activities. Molecular based taxonomic approaches allowed us to identify these strains as belonging to the species Trichoderma asperellum , Stemphylium lucomagnoense and Aspergillus nidulans . Among these five isolates, one T. asperellum strain ( T. asperellum 1) gave the highest level of secreted oxidative activities, and as such it was chosen for further studies. Optimization of the growth medium for liquid cultures was first studied to improve the level of laccase-like activity in culture supernatants. Finally, T. asperellum 1 secretome allowed decolorizing different synthetic dyes belonging to diverse dye families, in the presence or absence of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) as a mediator. Conclusions The optimal growth conditions to produce laccase-like active secretomes from T. asperellum 1 were 1.8 mM CuSO 4 as an inducer, 1% NaCl to mimic seawater environment and 3% sucrose as a carbon source. T. asperellum 1 secretome was effective to decolorize different synthetic dyes belonging to diverse chemical classes, and the presence of HBT as a mediator improved the decolorization process.

The application of electron microscopy to diagnosis in gynecologic neoplasms and tumor-like conditions

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 102-105
Author(s):  
Lawrence M. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Ultrastructural Examination ◽  
Specific Diagnosis ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Gynecologic Neoplasms

The female reproductive tract may be the site of a wide variety of benign and malignant tumors, as well as non-neoplastic tumor-like conditions, most of which can be diagnosed by light microscopic examination including special stains and more recently immunoperoxidase techniques. Nevertheless there are situations where ultrastructural examination can contribute substantially to an accurate and specific diagnosis. It is my opinion that electron microscopy can be of greatest benefit and is most cost effective when applied in conjunction with other methodologies. Thus, I have developed an approach which has proved useful for me and may have benefit for others. In cases where it is deemed of potential value, glutaraldehyde-fixed material is obtained at the time of frozen section or otherwise at operation. Coordination with the gynecologic oncologist is required in the latter situation. This material is processed and blocked and is available if a future need arises.

The IBM-PC in electron microscopy

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 612-613
Author(s):  
James F. Mancuso
Keyword(s):  
Head Start ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Financial Applications ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Instrument Control ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Training And Support ◽  
Control Image ◽  
Ibm Pc

IBM PC compatible computers are widely used in microscopy for applications ranging from control to image acquisition and analysis. The choice of IBM-PC based systems over competing computer platforms can be based on technical merit alone or on a number of factors relating to economics, availability of peripherals, management dictum, or simple personal preference.IBM-PC got a strong “head start” by first dominating clerical, document processing and financial applications. The use of these computers spilled into the laboratory where the DOS based IBM-PC replaced mini-computers. Compared to minicomputer, the PC provided a more for cost-effective platform for applications in numerical analysis, engineering and design, instrument control, image acquisition and image processing. In addition, the sitewide use of a common PC platform could reduce the cost of training and support services relative to cases where many different computer platforms were used. This could be especially true for the microscopists who must use computers in both the laboratory and the office.

A Review of 21 iPad Applications for Augmentative and Alternative Communication Purposes

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Alliano ◽  
Kimberly Herriger ◽  
Anthony D. Koutsoftas ◽  
Theresa E. Bartolotta
Keyword(s):  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Alternative Form ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Text To Speech ◽  
Reference Guide ◽  
Expressive Communication ◽  
Communication Needs ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Ipad Applications

Abstract Using the iPad tablet for Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) purposes can facilitate many communicative needs, is cost-effective, and is socially acceptable. Many individuals with communication difficulties can use iPad applications (apps) to augment communication, provide an alternative form of communication, or target receptive and expressive language goals. In this paper, we will review a collection of iPad apps that can be used to address a variety of receptive and expressive communication needs. Based on recommendations from Gosnell, Costello, and Shane (2011), we describe the features of 21 apps that can serve as a reference guide for speech-language pathologists. We systematically identified 21 apps that use symbols only, symbols and text-to-speech, and text-to-speech only. We provide descriptions of the purpose of each app, along with the following feature descriptions: speech settings, representation, display, feedback features, rate enhancement, access, motor competencies, and cost. In this review, we describe these apps and how individuals with complex communication needs can use them for a variety of communication purposes and to target a variety of treatment goals. We present information in a user-friendly table format that clinicians can use as a reference guide.

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