Hubungan Antara Tingkat Stres Dan Kadar Glukosa Darah Puasa Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Di Kecamatan Maos

ABSTRAKDiabetes melitus (DM) tipe 2 yaitu penyakit gangguan metabolik ditandai kenaikan gula darah karena penurunan sekresi insulin oleh sel beta pankreas dan atau ganguan resistensi insulin.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara kadar glukosa darah puasa dengan tingkat stres pada penderita diabetes melitus (DM) tipe 2. Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Variabel independen dalam penelitian ini yaitu tingkat stres. Sedangkan variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini yaitu kadar glukosa darah puasa. Penelitian dilakukan di Puskesmas Maos dan Klinik Graha Amanah Maos bulan Maret 2017. Sampel diambil dengan total sampling, berjumlah 60 responden yang menderita DM tipe 2 minimal 1 tahun, memiliki kadar GDP 130 mg/dl, dan tidak memiliki penyakit komplikasi seperti gagal ginjal kronis, dan kanker.Hasil analisis data menggunakan spearman rho didapatkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara kadar glukosa darah puasa dan tingkat stres (p value = 0,137). Kata Kunci: Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2, Glukosa Darah Puasa, Tingkat Stres. ABSTRACTType 2 diabetes mellitus (DM ) is a metabolic disease that characterized by an increasing of blood glucose because of decreasing insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells and or insulin resistance disorders.This research aimed to identify the relationship between fasting blood glucose (FBG) level and stress level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The research design was descriptive correlation with cross sectional approach. The independent variable in this study was stress level. The dependent variable in this study was fasting blood glucose level. The study was at Maos Community Health Center and Graha Amanah Clinic in March 2017.The sample was total sampling. These were 60 respondents who diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus at least 1 year, had FBG level 130 mg / dl, and did not have complications such as chronic kidney failure , and cancer.The results of data analysis by using spearman rho found that there was no correlation between fasting blood glucose level and stress level (p value = 0.137). Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Fasting Blood Glucose, Stress Level.

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LAMA MENDERITA DAN KONTROL GLIKEMIK BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PENURUNAN FUNGSI KOGNITIF PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2

Jurnal Kebidanan Malahayati ◽

10.33024/jkm.v7i3.4102 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 495-501

Author(s):

Syalfa Luthfira Nugroho ◽

Wirawan Anggorotomo ◽

Rakhmi Rafie

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Diabetes Melitus

Background : Diabetes Mellitus can cause the risk of decline in cognitive function. Long suffering and ncontrolled glycemic control associated with chronic hyperglycemia that can change the function and microvascular structure of the central nervous system so that it can lead to decline of cognitive function. Objective : This study aims to determine the relationship between the long-suffering and glycemic control with the decline of cognitive function in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the health center Sriwijaya Mataram Central Lampung in 2021. Methods: This study used an analytical research design with cross sectional approach. The population used was all patients diagnosed with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the health center Sriwijaya Mataram Central Lampung. The sample in this study amounted to 71 people who were taken with total sampling technique. Measuring instruments used were the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). The statistical test used was Chi Square test. Results : There is a relationship between the long-suffering (p value 0.000) and glycemic control (p value 0.000) with a decrease in cognitive function in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Conclusion : There is a relationship between the long-suffering and glycemic control with the decline of cognitive function in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Suggestion can detect a decline in cognitive function so as to improve the quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and education related to complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus is necessary. Keywords : Long-Suffering, Glycemic Control, Cognitive Function. ABSTRAK Latar Belakang : Diabetes Melitus dapat menyebabkan resiko penurunan fungsi kognitif. Lama menderita dan kontrol glikemik tidak terkontrol berkaitan dengan keadaan hiperglikemia kronik yang dapat mengubah fungsi serta struktur mikrovaskular pada sistem saraf pusat sehingga dapat menyebabkan penurunan fungsi kognitif. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara lama menderita dan kontrol glikemik dengan penurunan fungsi kognitif pada pasien Diabetes Melitus tipe 2 di Puskesmas Sriwijaya Mataram Lampung Tengah tahun 2021.Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi yang digunakan adalah semua pasien yang didiagnosis Diabetes Melitus tipe 2 di Puskesmas Sriwijaya Mataram Lampung Tengah. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 71 orang yang diambil dengan teknik total sampling. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji Chi Square. Hasil: Terdapat hubungan antara lama menderita (p value 0.000) dan kontrol glikemik (p value 0.000) dengan penurunan fungsi kognitif pada pasien Diabetes Melitus tipe 2.Kesimpulan : Terdapat hubungan antara lama menderita dan kontrol glikemik dengan penurunan fungsi kognitif pada pasien Diabetes Melitus tipe 2.Saran dapat mendeteksi penurunan fungsi kognitif sehingga dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup pada pasien Diabetes Melitus tipe 2 serta perlu dilakukan edukasi terkait dengan komplikasi Diabetes Melitus tipe 2. Kata Kunci : Lama Menderita, Kontrol Glikemik, Fungsi Kognitif.

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Clinical and biological risk factors associated with inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

BMC Endocrine Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12902-021-00925-0 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mohammed S. Ellulu ◽

Hanen Samouda

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Biological Risk ◽

Factors Associated

Abstract Background Chronic inflammation has been associated with insulin resistance and related metabolic dysregulation, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Several non modifiable (i.e. genetic predisposition) and modifiable (i.e. sedentary lifestyle, energy-dense food) risk factors were suggested to explain the mechanisms involved in the development of inflammation, but are difficult to assess in clinical routine. The present study aimed to identify easy to asses clinical and biological risk factors associated with inflammation in patients with T2DM. Methods One hundred nine patients (51 men, 58 women), 28–60 years old, from seven primary healthcare centers in Gaza City, Palestine, took part to the cross-sectional study (November 2013–May 2014). Study participants had T2DM with no history of inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, medication and/or any health condition that might affect the inflammatory markers, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Inflammation was defined for IL-6 ≥ 2 pg/mL and CRP ≥ 6 mg/L. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify the relationship between inflammation and clinical and biological risk factors. Results After adjustment for age and gender, inflammation seems to increase with increased body mass index (BMI) (OR: 1.427 [1.055–1.931]), increased fasting blood glucose (OR: 1.029 [1.007–1.052]) and decreased adiponectin values (OR: 0.571 [0.361–0.903]). There were also significant relationships between inflammation and BMI (OR: 1.432 [1.042–1.968]), fasting blood glucose (OR: 1.029 [1.006–1.052]) and adiponectin (OR: 0.569 [0.359–0.902]), after adjustment for smoking habits and physical activity. Conclusion Managing obesity and associated complications (i.e. hyperglycemia, high adiponectin levels) might help decreasing inflammation in individuals with T2DM.

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TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2019.26.04.2876 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (04) ◽

Author(s):

Doctor Dilshad Muhammad ◽

Masood Javed ◽

Muzzammal Iftikhar

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

P Value ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

New Onset

Background: Diabetic complications are related to impaired glycemic control. The UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) showed that metformin therapy in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) could reduce HbA1c and complications. So, metformin has been suggested to be the drug of choice after life style modifications in patients with T2DM. Repaglinide, short-acting insulin secretagogues, has excellent anti-hyperglycemic effect and a lower risk of hypoglycemia. However, whether repaglinide can be used as an initial therapy in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM is still unconfirmed. Objectives: The objective of this study was: To compare efficacy of Repaglinide and Metformin in the Treatment of New Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Setting: District headquarter Hospital, Faisalabad. Period: 6 Months (Jan 2018 to June 2018). Methodology: Patients were randomly divided into two groups (A & B) by using computer generated random number table. Group A was given repaglinide 0.75-1.5 mg/day while group B received metformin 750-1500mg/day. The doses of metformin and repaglinide were adjusted according to blood glucose level. For HbA1C and FBS, blood samples were sent to pathology laboratory at the start of study and after 3 months. Follow up was ensured by reaching the patients through telephonic contact. Data was collected through self-conducted interviews using a standardized Performa. Results: In our study, mean+sd was calculated as 44.54+5.92 years in Group-A and 45.31+6.13 years in Group-B, 42.86%(n=15) in Group-A and 40%(n=14) in Group-B were male whereas 57.14%(n=20) in Group-A and 60%(n=21) in Group-B were females. Baseline mean HbA1c levels of the patients were calculated as 7.51+0.50 mmol/L in Group-A and 7.54+0.52 mmol/L in Group B, p value was 0.81. After treatment, these findings were reduced to 5.57+0.65 in Group-A and 6.4+0.49 in Group-B, p value was 0.0001, At baseline mean fasting blood glucose levels of the patients were calculated as 7.43+0.56 mmol/L in Group-A and 7.46+0.50 mmol/L in Group B, p value was 0.82. After treatment, these findings were reduced to 5.83+0.71 in Group-A and 6.29+0.67 in Group-B, p value was 0.007. Conclusion: We concluded that on comparison of Metformin and Repaglinide monotherapy in the Treatment of New Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in terms of mean fasting blood glucose and mean HbA1c, both drugs reduced HbA1c and fasting blood sugar but Repaglinide was found significantly better for reduction of HbA1c and fasting blood sugar when compared to Metformin.

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Epigenetic modulation of autophagy genes linked to diabetic nephropathy by administration of isorhamnetin in Type 2 diabetes mellitus rats

Epigenomics ◽

10.2217/epi-2020-0353 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marwa Matboli ◽

Doaa Ibrahim ◽

Amany H Hasanin ◽

Mohamed Kamel Hassan ◽

Eman K Habib ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Light And Electron Microscopy ◽

Lipid Profiles ◽

Mirna Regulation ◽

Protein Levels

Aim: To assess isorhamnetin efficacy for diabetic kidney disease in a Type 2 diabetes mellitus rat model, through investigating its effect at the epigenetic, mRNA and protein levels. Materials & methods: Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced in rats by streptozotocin and high-fat diet. Rats were treated with isorhamnetin (50 mg/kg/d) for 4 or 8 weeks. Fasting blood glucose, renal and lipid profiles were evaluated. Renal tissues were examined by light and electron microscopy. Autophagy genes ( FYCO1, ULK, TECPR1 and WIPI2) and miR-15b, miR-34a and miR-633 were assessed by qRT-PCR, and LC3A/B by immunoblotting. Results: Isorhamnetin improved fasting blood glucose, renal and lipid profiles with increased autophagosomes in renal tissues. It suppressed miRNA regulation of autophagy genes Conclusion: We propose a molecular mechanism for the isorhamnetin renoprotective effect by modulation of autophagy epigenetic regulators.

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PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION AMID PATIENTS WITH TYPE-2 DIABETES MELLITUS- AT A TERTIARY LEVEL HOSPITAL IN CENTRAL INDIA

10.36106/ijsr/8623097 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 57-59

Author(s):

Hakimuddin Malvi ◽

Syed Maqsood Husain

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Central India ◽

P Value ◽

Tertiary Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Results ◽

Level Hospital

Background: India has been recognized as the diabetes capital of the world by the year of 2025 Hypertension is a signicant danger factor for cardiovascular infection, stroke and ischemic coronary illness. Objective: The aim of this paper is prevalence of hypertension amid patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus- at a tertiary level hospital in central India. Methods: Present work is hospital based cross-sectional study was conduct in Chirayu Medical College & Hospital, Bhopal. The study population consisted of total 300 subjects. Data obtained directly from patients and patients medical les, and the following data were included in the study . Results: The results showed that the after using chi-square test we found that hypertension was signicantly higher p value(<0.05) among female patients (69%),patients with long duration diabetes (77%)10 years and more, also it was signicantly higher among patients with current smokers (69%). Conclusion: In this study the prevalence of hypertension is increasing in patient with T2DM. Hypertension was the most danger factor for micro vascular and macro vascular confusion of T2DM.

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Hematological indices and their correlation with fasting blood glucose level and anthropometric measurements in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia

Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity Targets and Therapy ◽

10.2147/dmso.s97563 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 91 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Belete Biadgo ◽

Mulugeta Melku ◽

Solomon Mekonnen Abebe ◽

Molla Abebe

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose Level ◽

Hematological Indices

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Importance of fasting blood glucose goals in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review of the literature and a critical appraisal

Journal of Diabetes Metabolic Disorders & Control ◽

10.15406/jdmdc.2018.05.00148 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 113-117

Author(s):

John A Tayek

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Critical Appraisal ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Review Of The Literature

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A STUDY OF SERUM URIC ACID LEVELS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS CASES AND ITS COMPARISON WITH THE SERUM CREATININE LEVELS

10.36106/paripex/0302859 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 20-22

Author(s):

Shajahan Shajahan ◽

Koneru Sri Lahari ◽

P. Kiranmai

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Serum Creatinine ◽

Serum Uric Acid ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value

BACKGROUND:Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a major non-communicable disease resulting from insulin resistance and is associated with cardiovascular,neurological and renal complications.Recent studies show association of hyperuricemia and Diabetes Mellitus.Uric acid increases oxidative stress that leads to vascular dysfunction and high intra glomerular pressure leading to renal complications.High serum creatinine is an indicator of renal compromise. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate serum uric acid and serum creatinine levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and to find association between them. METHODOLOGY: The study was conducted in Osmania general hospital. Fifty cases of established Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus formed the study group and 50 normal healthy individuals formed the control group. Serum uric acid, Fasting Blood Glucose (FBS) and serum creatinine were estimated by colorimetric enzymatic methods on Beckman coulter AU5800.Mean values were compared in cases and controls using student t- test.Study group was further studied under 2 subgroups with serum Uric acid < 7 mg/dl and ≥7 mg/dl.In these 2 subgroups the association of Serum uric acid with FBS and creatinine was analysed statistically. RESULTS: Serum uric acid were found high in cases(7.63+/- 3.36)as compared to controls(4.48+/- 1.09) p value < 0.001.Serum creatinine were also high in cases(1.59+/- 1.39 )as compared to controls ( 0.87+/- 0.29) p value <0.005.Study subgroup with serum uric acid ≥7 mg/dl was associated with high creatinine and high fasting blood sugar levels when compared to subgroup with serum uric acid <7 mg/dl. CONCLUSION: Our study showed increased serum uric acid and serum creatinine levels in cases when compared to controls.There was significant association between high serum uric acid and high creatinine levels in cases.Therefore,it is important to measure serum uric acid and serum creatinine levels in diabetics for early detection of renal pathology.

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Ameliorative Effect and Mechanism of the Purified Anthraquinone-Glycoside Preparation from Rheum Palmatum L. on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24081454 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (8) ◽

pp. 1454 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Fang-Rong Cheng ◽

Hong-Xin Cui ◽

Ji-Li Fang ◽

Ke Yuan ◽

Ying Guo

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Cell Apoptosis ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Β Cell ◽

Diabetes Mellitus Group ◽

Rheum Palmatum

Rheum palmatum L. is a traditional Chinese medicine with various pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and detoxification effects. In this study, the mechanism of the hypoglycemic effect of purified anthraquinone-Glycoside from Rheum palmatum L. (PAGR) in streptozotocin (STZ) and high-fat diet induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in rats was investigated. The rats were randomly divided into normal (NC), T2DM, metformin (Met), low, middle (Mid), and high (Hig) does of PAGR groups. After six weeks of continuous administration of PAGR, the serum indices and tissue protein expression were determined, and the pathological changes in liver, kidney, and pancreas tissues were observed. The results showed that compared with the type 2 diabetes mellitus group, the fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) levels in the serum of rats in the PAGR treatment groups were significantly decreased, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) levels were noticeably increased. The expression of Fas ligand (FasL), cytochrome C (Cyt-c), and caspase-3 in pancreatic tissue was obviously decreased, and the pathological damage to the liver, kidney, and pancreas was improved. These indicate that PAGR can reduce oxidative stress in rats with diabetes mellitus by improving blood lipid metabolism and enhancing their antioxidant capacity, thereby regulating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway to inhibitβ-cell apoptosis and improve β-cell function. Furthermore, it can regulate Fas/FasL-mediated apoptosis signaling pathway to inhibit β-cell apoptosis, thereby lowering blood glucose levels and improving T2DM.

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