scholarly journals SYMBOLIC MEANING OF METAL CAULDRON IN SCYTHIAN BURIAL PRACTICE FROM ETHNOANALOGY PERSPECTIVE

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-277
Author(s):  
O. A. Bielopolska
Keyword(s):  
Symbolic Meaning ◽  
General Context ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Bronze Vessels ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
Burial Practice ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
High Social Status ◽  
Grave Goods

As historiography shows, sociocultural aspect is the main perspective commonly analyzed in the interpretation of symbolic meaning of Scythian bronze cauldrons. The deposition of such vessels is typical to burials: average barrows of ordinary members of society as well as unique wealthy graves of Scythians with high social status. The hypothesis of sacral symbolic meaning of a cauldron in social perspective is primarily based on some passages by Herodotus (IV, 61 and IV, 81). These written sources merge with general context of archaeological findings — cauldrons are associated with rich grave goods. Number of scholars made some successful attempts to calculate the size of Scythian cauldrons, correlate it with a reconstructed nomadic food-value and archaeological context (such as high of the mound and grave goods). Therefore, the cauldrons became a definite marker in Scythian society stratification study. But such viewpoint does not explain the urgent need to deposit Scythian bronze vessels during the burial ritual. The article introduces ethnoanalogy as a method, vital for interpretation of spiritual and ideological nature of artifacts. It is underlined that the approach in choosing analogies in ethnography should be structured and calibrated in order to escape scholar’s personal influence on results and to broaden the range of possible meanings. Earlier researches failed to find constant features of the cauldron agency in Scythian burial practice and thus to interpret them. The author states that a cauldron possesses certain characteristic features in every case of Scythian burial practice. Such peculiarities include the disposition (namely the main chamber, dromos and household premises), quantity in one grave, quality of a vessel. Strictly correlated with archaeological data, ethnoanalogy reveals that cauldron’s agency in Scythian burial practice is strongly connected with the Otherworld (votive offerings, border guard), and this symbolic meaning is realized in the concrete context of depositions.

Sexual life during COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Delcea
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sexual Life ◽  
Good Relationship ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
Health Organization

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly around the world leading to massive changes in various areas. World Health Organization (WHO) has declared this disease a global pandemic in March 2020 causing a range of restrictions and global lockdown. Sexual behaviors have suffered change because of the virus transmission and governmental regulations for people to stay inside their homes. This paper addresses the quality of sexual life during lockdown in Romanian population. We discuss results from an online survey of 395 adults who were asked about their intimate lives, in terms of pornography consumption, solo masturbation and sexual intercourse. We also collected data regarding variables of a good relationship in order to see wether they have an influence over sexual life. We found that a good relationship is strongly connected to quality of sexual life. Our results also show that many people have solo masturbated (72,2%) and have consumed pornography materials (56,5%). Key words: sexual life, COVID-19, sexual behavior.

scholarly journals Physicochemical and Sensory Quality of Brown Sugar: Variables of Processing Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Raphael Della Maggiore Orlandi ◽  
Marta Regina Verruma-Bernardi ◽  
Simone Daniela Sartorio ◽  
Maria Teresa Mendes Ribeiro Borges
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Sensory Quality ◽  
General Context ◽  
Late Period ◽  
High Solubility ◽  
Final Temperature ◽  
Brown Sugar ◽  
Small Producers ◽  
Cottage Industries

The lack of standardization in the processing of brown sugar reflects in its physicochemical and sensory quality and, consequently, harms the small producers and cottage industries in the products commercialization. In this context, this work aimed to study the influence of the variables – period of the year, variety of sugar cane, pH and final temperature of juice cooking – on the acquisition of a product that is acceptable according to the physicochemical and sensory requisites. The physicochemical parameters of the sugars that best classified the product presented juice neutral pH (7.0) and finalization temperature at 118 oC for both varieties, in the late period. In the sensory aspect, the sugars of the variety RB92579 found, in a general context, greater acceptance, being classified, also by the judges, as sugars of a darker appearance, smaller granules, less intense sweet aroma and flavor, and high solubility.

scholarly journals Participation of the Population of a Region in the Implementation of the National Projects: Retrospect and Prospect

REGIONOLOGY ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-515
Author(s):  
Elena A. Kranzeeva ◽  
Anna V. Orlova ◽  
Natalia V. Nyatina ◽  
Nikita N. Grigorik
Keyword(s):  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Limited Participation ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Regional Programs ◽  
Current Stage

Introduction. Russia’s National Projects focus on integrated interagency interactions between state and public participants. They accumulate various areas of social and political development of the territory. Mainstreaming the participation of the population in achieving the goals set consolidates and adjusts the vectors of change set by the National Projects. The purpose of the paper is to present a comprehensive analysis of the participation of the population in the implementation of the National Projects in a region on the basis of the study conducted, taking into account the characteristic features of the territory and the relevant forms of participation of local communities in accomplishing the stated tasks. Materials and Methods. The results of the “Kuzbass-Politics” monitoring initiative studies conducted in 2006 and 2018 were used as the materials for the analysis of this topic as well as the data of sociological surveys and reports on the implementation of the National Projects in Russia in 2019. To substantiate the implementation of the National Projects in the region, the method of systemic, structural and functional analysis was used. Results. The participation of the population in the implementation of the National Projects in a region has been analyzed using the example of the Kemerovo Region. The authors have studied the existing experience of implementation of the National Projects in 2005–2007 and compared it with that of the current stage (2019–2024). The materials of the secondary analysis have shown that the content of the new National Projects is in line with the needs of the population in matters of improving their living arrangements; however, many people are distanced from the National Projects, which is expressed in the lack of awareness and limited participation. The authors point out that the implementation of the National Projects in a region can be carried out in a consolidated manner or have multidirectional vectors of application of the activity and resource potentials of the population. Discussion and Conclusion. The interaction between the authorities and the population is a dialogue in which the interests of the parties are reconciled in order to achieve a common goal. The lack of taking into account the active role of the population in the implementation of socially significant results affects the quality of the development and the conditions for the implementation of the National Projects. The results of the study can contribute to the development of regional programs and activities aimed at increasing people’s participation in the implementation of the National Projects.

scholarly journals Archaeological Complexes from Catacomb of South Kazakhstan in the Context of Sarmatian Themes

2021 ◽  
pp. 263-271
Author(s):  
Alexandr Podushkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Funeral Rite ◽  
Partial Similarity ◽  
Burial Practice ◽  
Bronze Mirrors ◽  
Grave Goods

The article is devoted to archaeological research of new discovered burial structures in the form of catacomb at the Kylyshzhar cemetery (1st century BC – 3rd century AD), in which artifacts were found similar to the monuments of the Sarmatian appearance. They include a number of ritual actions and burial implements close to the burial practice of the Sarmatians: range and blade weapons (iron tang daggers with a stone pommel, arrowheads), horse tack (iron girth buckles), bronze mirrors, household items and ritual objects (iron buckles, chalk amulets), jewelry (Egyptian faience ribbed beads). The characteristics of the grave goods from the catacombs of the Kylyshzhar cemetery, chronological calculations and ethno cultural interpretations indicate partial similarity between mentioned burials and the Sarmatian monuments of the 1st century BC – 3rd century AD despite major differences in such significant details of the funeral rite as the construction of burial pits and the orientation of the buried ones.

scholarly journals PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICES: STATUS AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-53
Author(s):  
A. A. Klimenkova ◽  
L. N. Geller ◽  
A. A. Skripko ◽  
L. A. Gravchenko ◽  
E. A. Korzhavykh
Keyword(s):  
Process Approach ◽  
Pharmaceutical Services ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
Characteristic Features

The aim of the review is to provide an analysis and generalization of the main directions of research in the sphere of pharmaceutical services, and their characteristics associated with the determination of their main development trends.Materials and methods. For the analysis, the information store on the basis of scientific publications by Russian and foreign scientists, devoted to research in the field of pharmaceutical services (PSs), has been used. The search for publications was carried out in the open and accessible sources of the latest twenty years (the retrospective period of 2001-2021), located in scientific and technical libraries of institutions, as well as in electronic databases: Elibrary, Medline / PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Cyberleninka, Google-academy, J-stage. When forming the information array, the search for publications was carried out according to the following requests: pharmaceutical services (pharmaceutical care services), the provision of pharmaceutical services, the quality of pharmaceutical services. For the conceptualization of the study, 87 scientific publications obtained as a result of information retrieval, have been used.Results. In the course of the study, a logical and structural analysis of the main directions in which research in the field of providing PSs in our country is developing, has been carried out. The main trends in the study of the providing services’ activity in the sphere of drug circulation, are characterized. A comprehensive analysis of the category of "pharmaceutical service" has been carried out. The terminological content of this concept, the groups of features characterizing the economic and social essence of educational institutions have been generalized, and the most characteristic features that make up the structure and content of educational institutions, have been identified. The existing approaches to the development of the nomenclature and types of PSs have been analyzed and the systematization of pharmaceutical works and services using the process approach, have been proposed by the authors.Conclusion. The conducted study indicates the presence of several directions in the development of research in the field of providing PSs, aimed at improving the quality of services for the population in pharmaceutical organizations. However, the most important role in the research is assigned to the study and assessment of the quality of educational institutions, the development of approaches to its optimization. As evidenced by the results of the analysis and generalization, the most successful activity in the provision of services in the field of drug circulation requires the implementation of a process approach and the implementation of Quality Management Systems (QMSs).

scholarly journals USE OF INVESTMENT INSTRUMENTS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF WATER SUPPLY AND WASTEWATER SPHERE IN UKRAINE

World Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (6(46)) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Ignatenko ◽  
Iryna Krylova
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Quality Of Services ◽  
General Context ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Fixed Assets

The article is devoted to the clarification of the peculiarities of the use of investment instruments for the development of the water supply and wastewater sector in Ukraine. The sphere of water supply and wastewater of Ukraine requires significant investments for the renewal of fixed assets of water supply and wastewater enterprises, reconstruction and development of engineering infrastructure, introduction of the latest technologies, improvement of the quality of services, etc. The authors consider the concept of investment, investment activity, investment program in the general context and in the field of water supply and wastewater. The structure of planned volumes of financing of measures of investment programs of water supply and wastewater enterprises in 2018 is being analyzed. Issues of application of other modern financial and economic mechanisms in the field of water supply and wastewater are considered. The article analyzes the state of realization of public-private partnership in the field of water supply and wastewater on the basis of statistical data. Investment approaches based on participative financing, which involves the use of financial resources not only of the state but also of local communities, business and civil society institutions, and financing through the use of opportunities of the market of debt obligations, including at the expense of the issue of municipal securities in the form of bonds of a local loan.

Features of Design of Gardens and Parks with Symbolic Meaning in Shymkent City—Kazakhstan

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-106
Author(s):  
Akmaral Yussupova ◽  
Liu Songfu ◽  
Ardasher Namazbay ◽  
Ahad Nejad Ebrahimi
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Architecture ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Symbolic Meaning ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Design Structure ◽  
Symbolic Meanings ◽  
Ornamental Art ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

This study investigated the emerging progressive use of ornamental art in the landscape architecture of Kazakhstan and determined the influence of symbolism on the quality of new urban environments. The study analysed the existing recreational facilities in Kazakhstan in order to establish their symbolic meaning, the level of utilisation of symbolic ornaments, and the socio-economic factors that influence the design structure of landscape elements. The results revealed that symbolic meanings of the ornaments stem from historic, legal and cultural traditions of different ethnic groups in Kazakhstan. Therefore, the form depends on not only the topography of the area, but also the traditional symbolism and numerology. This study categorised the studied places according to their size: large gardens, small squares and small landscape forms. Taking into account the natural and climatic features of Kazakhstan, small landscape forms acquire the quality of arid zone gardens. However, lack of identity and consistency appears to be a major problem in design of larger scale landscapes. This article posits that coordination between socio-economic and historical-cultural factors will open new creative opportunities for the development of an original landscape architecture in Kazakhstan, yet balance between environmental construction and contextually meaningful urban planning will still be needed.

A Comparative Study of Associative Classifiers in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation Analysis

Data Mining ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 970-990
Author(s):  
Weiqi Wang ◽  
Yanbo J. Wang ◽  
Qin Xin ◽  
René Bañares-Alcántara ◽  
Frans Coenen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Association Rules ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Classification Problem ◽  
General Context ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Multiple Association ◽  
Multi Class Classification ◽  
Associative Classifiers

Discovering how Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) can be differentiated is an important topic in stem cell therapy and tissue engineering. In a general context, such differentiation analysis can be modeled as a classification problem in data mining. Specifically, this is concerned with the single-label multi-class classification task. Previous studies on this topic suggests the Associative Classification (AC) rather than other alternative (Classification) techniques, and presented classification results based on the CMAR (Classification based on Multiple Association Rules) associative classifier. Other AC algorithms include: CBA (Classification Based on Associations), PRM (Predictive Rule Mining), CPAR (Classification based on Predictive Association Rules) and TFPC (Total From Partial Classification). The main aim of this chapter is to compare the performance of different associative classifiers, in terms of classification accuracy, efficiency, number of rules to be generated, quality of such rules, and the maximum number of attributes in rule-antecedents, with respect to MSC differentiation analysis.

Connected by More Than Exceptional Imports: Performance and Identity in Hallstatt C/D Elite Burials of the Low Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasja van der Vaart-Verschoof ◽  
Robert Schumann
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Funerary Practices ◽  
Frequent Contact ◽  
Bronze Vessels ◽  
Burial Practice ◽  
Similarities And Differences

The Low Countries' Early Iron Age is marked by the emergence of lavish burials known as chieftains’ graves or princely burials. These extraordinary elite burials of the Hallstatt C/D period contain weaponry, bronze vessels as well as decorated wagons and horse-gear imported from the Hallstatt culture of Central Europe, where the same objects are found in the famous Fürstengräber. While the connection between these regions has long been recognized, the nature of this contact remains poorly understood. Here we present the preliminary results of an on-going re-examination of elite funerary practices in both regions and the likely direct long-distance interactions reflected in them. Similarities and differences in the treatment of objects and the dead in funerary rituals indicate that, to a certain extent at least, these geographically separated social groups were integrated in a specific elite burial practice, indicating frequent contact across hundreds of kilometres.

'Flemish law' in Central Germany

2010 ◽  
Vol 78 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37-61
Author(s):  
Heiner Lück
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
General Context ◽  
Equal Division ◽  
Place Names ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Central Germany ◽  
The Law ◽  
Characteristic Features

AbstractIn the general context of 12th- and 13th-century migrations in Europe, several communities from the Low Countries settled in central Germany, in territories now divided between the Länder Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia. Many of these settlements were concentrated in the region between Berlin and Wittenberg, still known today as the Fläming (from Flamen, German for Flemings, but also a generic name for populations from the Low Countries); the settlements also include areas around Burg and Magdeburg, a few localities around Leipzig and Naumburg, and the Goldene Aue, near the Kyffhäuser Hills. The law in those Flemish-Dutch settlements can to some extent be traced back through local customs and place-names, as well as through references in charters granting a distinctive legal status to the colonists. Characteristic features of the legal migration are the equal division of property after death and the terms Schulze and Schultheiß, which may in some cases go back to Netherlandish origins and influences.

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