Effects of Pueraria thunbergiana Bentham Water Extracts on Hepatic Alcohol Metabolic Enzyme System In Rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-97 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme System ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme ◽  
Water Extracts

scholarly journals Investigation of the relationship between the PGI enzyme system and scarabs fitness response to temperature as a measure of environmental tolerance in invasive species

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Caroline Lefort ◽  
Samuel D. J. Brown ◽  
Stéphane Boyer ◽  
Susan SP Worner ◽  
Karen Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Thermal Adaptation ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Relative Fitness ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme ◽  
Abiotic Factor ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis ◽  
Environmental Tolerance ◽  
Key Enzyme

In the field of invasion ecology, the determination of a species environmental tolerance, is a key parameter in the prediction of its potential distribution, particularly in the context of global warming. In poikilothermic species such as insects, temperature is often considered the most important abiotic factor that affects numerous life-history and fitness traits through its effect on metabolic rate. Therefore the response of an insect to challenging temperatures may provide key information as to its climatic and therefore spatial distribution. Variation in the phosphoglucose-6-isomerase (PGI) metabolic enzyme-system has been proposed in some insects to underlie their relative fitness, and is recognised as a key enzyme in their thermal adaptation. However, in this context it has not been considered as a potential mechanism contributing to a species invasive cability. The present study aimed to compare the thermal tolerance of an invasive scarab, Costelytra zealandica (White) with that of the closely related, and in part sympatrically occurring, congeneric non-invasive species C. brunneum (Broun), and to consider whether any correlation with particular PGI phenotypes was apparent. Third instar larvae of each species were exposed to one of three different temperatures (10, 15 and 20°C) over six weeks and their fitness (survival and growth rate) measured and PGI phenotyping performed via cellulose acetate electrophoresis. No relationship between PGI phenotypes and fitness was detected, suggesting that the PGI may not be contributing to the invasion success and pest status of C. zealandica.

Uptake of 2,6-diaminopurine-2-14C by 2,6-diaminopurine-sensitive and -resistant L strain mouse cells grown on plastic discs

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 791-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. R. Blair ◽  
G. J. Hebert
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme ◽  
Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Simple Diffusion ◽  
L Cells ◽  
Mouse Cells ◽  
Short Incubation Time

The short-term uptake of 2,6-diaminopurine-2-14C by 2,6-diaminopurine-sensitive (DAP-s) or -resistant (DAP-r) L cells was studied by means of a "disc sampling" technique. Monolayers of cells were grown on plastic discs which were subsequently incubated for various periods of time in cell growth medium containing 2,6-diaminopurine-2-14C. At 37 °C the uptake of DAP-2-14C by DAP-r cells was relatively linear with respect to the extracellular concentration of DAP-2-14C, whereas the uptake by DAP-s cells was characterized by the phenomenon of saturation. The uptake of DAP-2-14C by DAP-s cells was greatly reduced by lowering the temperature to 4 °C, and a Q10 value of 1.8 was calculated. Under conditions of low temperature and (or) short incubation time, which limited DAP metabolism in DAP-s cells, the uptake of DAP-2-14C by DAP-s and DAP-r cells was similar, suggesting similar permeability. However, the involvement of an enzymatic transport system, as well as the intracellular metabolic enzyme system, in DAP-s cells was not ruled out. The data suggest that permeability is not a major factor in the resistance of L cells to DAP, but the overall uptake of DAP is facilitated by the presence in DAP-s cells of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase, which catalyzes the formation of DAP ribonucleotide, and possibly of an enzymatic transport system, whereas the entry of DAP into DAP-r cells, which lack, or have very low amounts of, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase, appears to be by simple diffusion.

Metabolic Enzyme System and Transport Pathways in Chronic Kidney Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 568-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Liu ◽  
Fangmei Luo ◽  
Xiuju Luo ◽  
Shaobin Duan ◽  
Zhicheng Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme System ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme ◽  
Transport Pathways ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases

scholarly journals Investigation of the relationship between the PGI enzyme system and scarabs fitness response to temperature as a measure of environmental tolerance in invasive species

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Caroline Lefort ◽  
Samuel D. J. Brown ◽  
Stéphane Boyer ◽  
Susan SP Worner ◽  
Karen Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Thermal Adaptation ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Relative Fitness ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme ◽  
Abiotic Factor ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis ◽  
Environmental Tolerance ◽  
Key Enzyme

In the field of invasion ecology, the determination of a species environmental tolerance, is a key parameter in the prediction of its potential distribution, particularly in the context of global warming. In poikilothermic species such as insects, temperature is often considered the most important abiotic factor that affects numerous life-history and fitness traits through its effect on metabolic rate. Therefore the response of an insect to challenging temperatures may provide key information as to its climatic and therefore spatial distribution. Variation in the phosphoglucose-6-isomerase (PGI) metabolic enzyme-system has been proposed in some insects to underlie their relative fitness, and is recognised as a key enzyme in their thermal adaptation. However, in this context it has not been considered as a potential mechanism contributing to a species invasive cability. The present study aimed to compare the thermal tolerance of an invasive scarab, Costelytra zealandica (White) with that of the closely related, and in part sympatrically occurring, congeneric non-invasive species C. brunneum (Broun), and to consider whether any correlation with particular PGI phenotypes was apparent. Third instar larvae of each species were exposed to one of three different temperatures (10, 15 and 20°C) over six weeks and their fitness (survival and growth rate) measured and PGI phenotyping performed via cellulose acetate electrophoresis. No relationship between PGI phenotypes and fitness was detected, suggesting that the PGI may not be contributing to the invasion success and pest status of C. zealandica.

scholarly journals LC-HRMS Profiling and Antidiabetic, Anticholinergic, and Antioxidant Activities of Aerial Parts of Kınkor (Ferulago stellata)

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2469
Author(s):  
Hatice Kızıltaş ◽  
Zeynebe Bingol ◽  
Ahmet Ceyhan Gören ◽  
Leyla Polat Kose ◽  
Lokman Durmaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Ferrous Ions ◽  
Water Extracts

Kınkor (Ferulago stellata) is Turkish medicinal plant species and used in folk medicine against some diseases. As far as we know, the data are not available on the biological activities and chemical composition of this medicinal plant. In this study, the phytochemical composition; some metabolic enzyme inhibition; and antidiabetic, anticholinergic, and antioxidant activities of this plant were assessed. In order to evaluate the antioxidant activity of evaporated ethanolic extract (EEFS) and lyophilized water extract (WEFS) of kınkor (Ferulago stellata), some putative antioxidant methods such as DPPH· scavenging activity, ABTS•+ scavenging activity, ferric ions (Fe3+) reduction method, cupric ions (Cu2+) reducing capacity, and ferrous ions (Fe2+)-binding activities were separately performed. Furthermore, ascorbic acid, BHT, and α-tocopherol were used as the standard compounds. Additionally, the main phenolic compounds that are responsible for antioxidant abilities of ethanol and water extracts of kınkor (Ferulago stellata) were determined by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Ethanol and water extracts of kınkor (Ferulago stellata) demonstrated effective antioxidant abilities when compared to standards. Moreover, ethanol extract of kınkor (Ferulago stellata) demonstrated IC50 values of 1.772 μg/mL against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), 33.56 ± 2.96 μg/mL against α-glycosidase, and 0.639 μg/mL against α-amylase enzyme respectively.

Electron Microscopic and Isozyme Study of a Case of Ochronosis

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 88-89
Author(s):  
Jay W. Cha ◽  
Perry J. Melnick
Keyword(s):  
Benzene Ring ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Homogentisic Acid ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Acid Oxidase ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Tyrosine Metabolism ◽  
Collagenous Tissues

Hereditary ochronosis in very few cases has been examined electron microscopically or histochemically. In this disease homogentisic acid, a normal intermediary of tyrosine metabolism, forms in excessive amounts. This is believed to be due to absence or defective activity of homogentisic acid oxidase, an enzyme system necessary to break the benzene ring and to further break it down to fumaric and acetoacetic acids. Ochronotic pigment, a polymerized form of homogentisic acid, deposits mainly in mesenchymal tissues. There has been a question whether the pigment originates from the collagenous tissues, or deposits passively, where in contrast to melanin it induces degenerative changes.

The Kidney and Fibrinolysis

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 026-032 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Normal Animal ◽  
Fibrinolytic Enzyme ◽  
The Other ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Normal Urine ◽  
Renal Origin ◽  
Molecular Exclusion Chromatography

SummaryMolecular exclusion chromatography was performed on samples of urine from normal and aminonucleoside nephrotic rats. Normal urine contained 2 peaks of urokinase activity, one having a molecular weight of 22,000 and the other around 200,000. Nephrotic urine contained three peaks of activity with MW’s 126,000, 60,000 and 30,000. Plasma activator determined from euglobulin precipitate had a MW. in excess of 200,000. The results indicate that in the normal animal, plasma plasminogen activator does not escape into the urine in substantial quantities but under the conditions of extreme proteinuria there may be some loss through the kidney. The alteration in urokinase output in nephrotic animals indicates a greatly disordered renal fibrinolytic enzyme system.The findings of this study largely support the hypothesis that plasma plasminogen activator of renal origin and urinary plasminogen activator (urokinase) are different molecular species.

Arterio-Venous Differences in the Components of the Fibrinolytic Enzyme System

1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 032-037 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Ogston ◽  
C. M Ogston ◽  
N. B Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Fibrinolytic Enzyme ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Activator Concentration ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Male Subjects

Summary1. The concentration of the major components of the fibrinolytic enzyme system was compared in venous and arterial blood samples from male subjects.2. The plasminogen activator concentration was higher in venous blood and the arterio-venous difference increased as its concentration rose, but the ratio of the arterial to venous level remained constant.3. No arterio-venous difference was found for anti-urokinase activity, antiplasmin, plasminogen and fibrinogen.4. It is concluded that venous blood determinations of the components of the fibrinolytic enzyme system reflect satisfactorily arterial blood levels.

Kinetic Aspects of the Interaction of Blood Clotting Enzymes

1965 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 155-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C Hemker ◽  
P.W Hemker ◽  
E. A Loeliger
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Analysis ◽  
Enzyme Kinetics ◽  
Blood Clotting ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Enzyme Kinetic ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Standard Methods

SummaryApplication of the methods of enzyme-kinetic analysis to the results of clotting tests is feasible and can yield useful results. However, the standard methods of enzyme kinetics are not applicable without modifications imposed by the peculiarities of the blood-clotting enzyme system. The influence of the following complicating circumstances is calculated :1. Substrate is not present in excess.2. Only relative measures exist for concentrations of substrate or enzymes.3. Enzymes and substrates are often added together.4. Reagents are not pure.5. Clotting-time is our only measure for clotting-velocity.Formulas are deduced, which makes it possible to recognize the effect of these complications.

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