ANALYTICAL INDICATOR. ANALYSIS OF THE REAL STATE OF DYNAMICS OF MORTALITY OF THE POPULATION OF RUSSIA FROM MALIGNANT TUMORS AND CHANGES IN ITS STRUCTURE

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Merabishvili
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Age Composition ◽  
The Real ◽  
Indicator Analysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Real State

The mortality rate is one of the most important criteria for assessing the health of the population. However, it is important to use analytical indicators correctly, especially when evaluating time series. The value of the “gross” mortality is closely linked with a specific weight of persons of elderly and senile ages. All international publications (WHO, IARC, territorial cancer registers) assess the dynamics of morbidity and mortality only by standardized indicators that eliminate the difference in the age composition of the compared population groups. In Russia, from 1960 to 2017, the share of people of retirement age has increased more than 2 times. The structure of mortality from malignant tumors has changed dramatically. The paper presents the dynamics of gross and standardized mortality rates from malignant tumors in Russia and in all administrative territories. Shows the real success of the Oncology service. The medium-term interval forecast until 2025 has been calculated.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Malignant Tumors of the Eye and Adnexa (C69)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-501
Author(s):  
V. M. Merabishvili ◽  
E. N. Merabishvili
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Crude Rate ◽  
Age Composition ◽  
Cancer Register ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
The Difference

Malignant tumors of the eye and its adnexa (C69) relates to rare tumors. Until 2011, this group of tumors was not included to the official cancer report in Russia.Purpose: to investigate the incidence of malignant tumors of eye and its adnexa (C69) in the population of St. Petersburg, to consider the dynamics of a complex of analytical indicators. Standard methods of statistical analysis, state reporting materials and data from the St. Petersburg Population Cancer Register were used. Malignant tumors of the eye and its adnexa (С69) were started to be officially registered only from 2011 onwards, however not in full as only Form 7 that allows to calculate morbidity was filled in. Other information could be obtained from the databases of the Population Cancer Registers (PRR), organized in the country in the late 90’s. Each year, more than 1,000 thousand (e.g.1977–2017 year) cases of malignant tumors of eye and its adnexa (С69) are detected in the whole country. In 2011, 925 cases were diagnosed. In Russia, the crude rate of malignant tumors of the eye and its adnexa (С69) has increased from 2011 to 2017 years from 0.65/100,000 in 2011 to 0.73/100,000 in 2017, respectively, +12.3 % (both sexes), standardized, eliminating the difference in the age composition of the population, remained almost unchanged –0.54 0/0000 and 0.53 0/0000. The standardized incidence rate in men of malignant tumors of eye and its adnexa (С69) in 2017 was 0.58 0/0000, women –0.49 0/0000. The state reporting for malignant tumors of eye and its adnexa (С69) does not provide for the distribution of these patients by age, stage and other parameters. State mortality statistics do not provide for the review of the C-69 heading ICD-10. All of this led us to conduct in-depth analysis of the dynamics of morbidity and mortality of eye cancer on the basis of the PRR database of SaintPetersburg. An insignificant increase in the incidence rate of the Russian population of the eye cancer, completely associated with the aging of the population, has been established. Positive increase in the observed and relative survival of patients has been also revealed. 

Evaluation changes in indicators of oncological service in gastric cancer in Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 1-2 (211-212) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Rustem Taszhanov ◽  
◽  
Nurbek Igissinov ◽  
Saken Kozhakhmetov ◽  
Sarsenbi Koblandin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Keywords Gastric Cancer ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic

About 1.8 million new cases of gastric cancer (GC) are predicted and it is expected that about 1.4 million human will die from this pathology, according to the forecasts of the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 2040. To this aim, an analysis studying the indicators of the oncological service for GC also makes it possible to evaluate the ongoing anti-cancer measures in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Aim. Evaluate some indicators of the oncological service at GC in Kazakhstan in 2009 to 2018. Material and methods. The research material was data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan – annual form No. 7 and 35 regarding GC (ICD 10-C50) for 2009 2018 – incidence, mortality, early diagnosis, neglect, morphological verification. A retrospective study using descriptive and analytical methods of biomedical statistics was used as the main method. Results and discussion. For 2009-2018, 27,468 new cases of GC were registered in the republic for the first time and 19,672 deaths from this pathology were registered. The average annual crude incidence rate of GC was 16.1±0.20/0000 (95% CI=15.7-16.5) and decreased in dynamics from 16.8±0.30/0000 (2009) to 15.1±0.30/0000 in 2018, the difference was statistically significant (t=4.01 and p=0.000). In dynamics, mortality rates from GC tended to statistically significant (t=12.02 and p=0.000) decrease from 14.0±0.30/0000 (2009) to 8.9±0.20/0000 in 2018 year, and the average annual crude mortality rate from GC was 11.6±0.60/0000 (95% CI=10.5-12.7). The research of the study period reveals a trend: early diagnosis indicators (specific weight of patients with I-II stage) improved from 24.5% (2009) to 41.3% in 2018, and accordingly the specific weight of neglected patients significantly decreased with stage III (from 46.2% to 41.1%) and with stage IV (from 29.3% to 17.5%). The morphological verification indicators for GC over the studied years improved from 85.1% to 95.0%. Conclusion. An analysis of the indicators of the oncological service in GC revealed an improvement in morphological verification and early diagnosis, a decrease in neglect and mortality rates, which is undoubtedly associated with ongoing anti-cancer measures in Kazakhstan, in particular with the screening, which was carried out in 2012-2016. Keywords: gastric cancer, incidence, mortality, early diagnosis, neglect, morphological verification.

scholarly journals MODER2: first-order Markov modeling and discovery of monomeric and dimeric binding motifs

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 2690-2696
Author(s):  
Jarkko Toivonen ◽  
Pratyush K Das ◽  
Jussi Taipale ◽  
Esko Ukkonen
Keyword(s):  
Markov Models ◽  
Expectation Maximization Algorithm ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
Markov Modeling ◽  
Binding Motifs ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Probability Matrices

Abstract Motivation Position-specific probability matrices (PPMs, also called position-specific weight matrices) have been the dominating model for transcription factor (TF)-binding motifs in DNA. There is, however, increasing recent evidence of better performance of higher order models such as Markov models of order one, also called adjacent dinucleotide matrices (ADMs). ADMs can model dependencies between adjacent nucleotides, unlike PPMs. A modeling technique and software tool that would estimate such models simultaneously both for monomers and their dimers have been missing. Results We present an ADM-based mixture model for monomeric and dimeric TF-binding motifs and an expectation maximization algorithm MODER2 for learning such models from training data and seeds. The model is a mixture that includes monomers and dimers, built from the monomers, with a description of the dimeric structure (spacing, orientation). The technique is modular, meaning that the co-operative effect of dimerization is made explicit by evaluating the difference between expected and observed models. The model is validated using HT-SELEX and generated datasets, and by comparing to some earlier PPM and ADM techniques. The ADM models explain data slightly better than PPM models for 314 tested TFs (or their DNA-binding domains) from four families (bHLH, bZIP, ETS and Homeodomain), the ADM mixture models by MODER2 being the best on average. Availability and implementation Software implementation is available from https://github.com/jttoivon/moder2. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

scholarly journals Regional differences in mortality rates during the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Danila Azzolina ◽  
Giulia Lorenzoni ◽  
Luciano Silvestri ◽  
Ilaria Prosepe ◽  
Paola Berchialla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Disease Diffusion

Abstract Objective The COVID-19 outbreak started in Italy on February 20th, 2020, and has resulted in many deaths and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. This study aimed to illustrate the epidemic COVID-19 growth pattern in Italy by considering the regional differences in disease diffusion during the first three months of the epidemic. Study design and methods Official COVID-19 data were obtained from the Italian Civil Protection Department of the Council of Ministers Presidency. The mortality and ICU admission rates per 100 000 inhabitants were calculated at the regional level and summarized via a Bayesian multilevel meta-analysis. Data were retrieved until April 21st, 2020. Results The highest cumulative mortality rates per 100 000 inhabitants were observed in northern Italy, particularly in Lombardia (85.3, 95% credibility intervals [CI] 75.7–94.7). The difference in the mortality rates between northern and southern Italy increased over time, reaching a difference of 67.72 (95% CI = 66–67) cases on April 2nd. Conclusions Northern Italy showed higher and increasing mortality rates during the first three months of the epidemic. The uncontrolled virus circulation preceding the infection spreading in southern Italy had a considerable impact on system burnout. This experience demonstrates that preparedness against the pandemic is of crucial importance to contain its disruptive effects.

Successive coefficients of close-to-convex functions

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1131-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Zaprawa
Keyword(s):  
Real Axis ◽  
Convex Functions ◽  
Positive Direction ◽  
The Real ◽  
Coefficient Problems ◽  
The Difference

AbstractIn this paper we discuss coefficient problems for functions in the class {{\mathcal{C}}_{0}(k)}. This family is a subset of {{\mathcal{C}}}, the class of close-to-convex functions, consisting of functions which are convex in the positive direction of the real axis. Our main aim is to find some bounds of the difference of successive coefficients depending on the fixed second coefficient. Under this assumption we also estimate {|a_{n+1}|-|a_{n}|} and {|a_{n}|}. Moreover, it is proved that {\operatorname{Re}\{a_{n}\}\geq 0} for all {f\in{\mathcal{C}}_{0}(k)}.

Mortality rates and risk factors for asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis in medical patients

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (01) ◽  
pp. 76-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Leizorovicz ◽  
Alexander Cohen ◽  
Alexander Turpie ◽  
Carl-Gustav Olsson ◽  
Samuel Goldhaber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Group I ◽  
Compression Ultrasound ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Deep Vein

SummaryThe clinical importance of asymptomatic proximal and distal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) remains uncertain and controversial. The aim of this retrospective,post-hoc analysis was to examine mortality and risk factors for development of proximal DVT in hospitalized patients with acute medical illness who were recruited into a randomized, prospective clinical trial of thromboprophylaxis with dalteparin (PREVENT).We analyzed 1738 patients who had not sustained a symptomatic venous thromboembolic event by Day 21 and who had a complete compression ultrasound of the proximal and distal leg veins on Day 21. We examined the 90-day mortality rates in patients with asymptomatic proximal DVT (Group I, N = 80), asymptomatic distal DVT (Group II, N = 118) or no DVT (Group III, N = 1540).The 90-day mortality rates were 13.75%, 3.39%, and 1.92% for Groups I–III, respectively. The difference in mortality between Group I and Group III was significant (hazard ratio 7.63, 95% CI = 3.8–15.3;p < 0.0001),whereas the difference between Groups II and III did not reach significance (hazard ratio 1.36, 95% CI = 0.41–4.45).The association of asymptomatic proximal DVT with increased mortality remained highly significant after adjusting for differences in baseline demographics and clinical variables. Risk factors significantly associated with the development of proximal DVT included advanced age (p = 0.0005), prior DVT (p = 0.001), and varicose veins (p = 0.04). In conclusion, the high mortality rate in patients with asymptomatic proximal DVT underscores its clinical relevance and supports targeting of asymptomatic proximal DVT as an appropriate endpoint in clinical trials of thromboprophylaxis.

Age composition of the filarial vector Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Calcutta, India

1996 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Chandra ◽  
B. Seal ◽  
A.K. Hati
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Gonotrophic Cycle ◽  
Daily Survival Rate ◽  
Daily Mortality ◽  
Age Composition ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Vector Mosquito ◽  
Filarial Vector

AbstractAge composition of the filarial vector mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) was determined by examining the number of ovariolar dilatations of 1200 adult females from Calcutta. Average duration of the gonotrophic cycle was 4.5 days. The proportion parous, the daily survival rate and daily mortality rates of the natural population were 0.53, 0.87 and 13%, respectively. The oldest mosquito sampled in the study area passed eight gonotrophic cycles in its lifetime.

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