scholarly journals Reaction of antibodies toCampylobacter jejuniand cytolethal distending toxin B with tissues and food antigens

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1050-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aristo Vojdani ◽  
Elroy Vojdani
Keyword(s):  
Cytolethal Distending Toxin ◽  
Toxin B ◽  
Food Antigens

scholarly journals Cell transfection of purified cytolethal distending toxin B subunits allows comparing their nuclease activity while plasmid degradation assay does not

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. e0214313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît J. Pons ◽  
Elisabeth Bezine ◽  
Mélissa Hanique ◽  
Valérie Guillet ◽  
Lionel Mourey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclease Activity ◽  
Cell Transfection ◽  
Cytolethal Distending Toxin ◽  
Toxin B ◽  
B Subunits

scholarly journals Rab5a Promotes Cytolethal Distending Toxin B-Induced Cytotoxicity and Inflammation

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-xian Chen ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
Rui Fu ◽  
Guo-qun Mao ◽  
Sai-yue Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Small Gtpase ◽  
Cytolethal Distending Toxin ◽  
Colonic Epithelial Cells ◽  
Toxin B ◽  
Proinflammatory Responses ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

ABSTRACT The cytolethal distending toxin B subunit (CdtB) induces significant cytotoxicity and inflammation in many cell types that are involved in the pathogenesis of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study tested the potential role of Rab small GTPase 5a (Rab5a) in the process. We tested mRNA and protein expression of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β [IL-1β] and IL-6) in THP-1 macrophages by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), respectively. In the primary colonic epithelial cells, Cdt treatment induced a CdtB-Rab5a-cellugyrin association. Rab5a silencing, by target small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), largely inhibited CdtB-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in colon epithelial cells. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Rab5a knockout also attenuated CdtB-induced colon epithelial cell death. Conversely, forced overexpression of Rab5a intensified CdtB-induced cytotoxicity. In THP-1 human macrophages, Rab5a shRNA or knockout significantly inhibited CdtB-induced mRNA expression and production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6). Rab5a depletion inhibited activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) signaling in CdtB-treated THP-1 macrophages. Rab5a appears essential for CdtB-induced cytotoxicity in colonic epithelial cells and proinflammatory responses in THP-1 macrophages.

scholarly journals Horizontal Transfer of Bacterial Cytolethal Distending Toxin B Genes to Insects

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 2105-2110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten I Verster ◽  
Jennifer H Wisecaver ◽  
Marianthi Karageorgi ◽  
Rebecca P Duncan ◽  
Andrew D Gloss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Horizontal Transfer ◽  
Parasitoid Wasps ◽  
Cytolethal Distending Toxin ◽  
Toxin B ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Hamiltonella Defensa

Abstract Horizontal gene transfer events have played a major role in the evolution of microbial species, but their importance in animals is less clear. Here, we report horizontal gene transfer of cytolethal distending toxin B (cdtB), prokaryotic genes encoding eukaryote-targeting DNase I toxins, into the genomes of vinegar flies (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae). We found insect-encoded cdtB genes are most closely related to orthologs from bacteriophage that infect Candidatus Hamiltonella defensa, a bacterial mutualistic symbiont of aphids that confers resistance to parasitoid wasps. In drosophilids, cdtB orthologs are highly expressed during the parasitoid-prone larval stage and encode a protein with ancestral DNase activity. We show that cdtB has been domesticated by diverse insects and hypothesize that it functions in defense against their natural enemies.

scholarly journals Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the Cytolethal Distending Toxin B Gene Confers Heterogeneity in the Cytotoxicity of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 7014-7020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuichi Nishikubo ◽  
Masaru Ohara ◽  
Masae Ikura ◽  
Katsuo Katayanagi ◽  
Tamaki Fujiwara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Cytolethal Distending Toxin ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Toxin B

ABSTRACT Clinical Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans produces cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) with titers ranging from 102 to 108 U/mg. Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis of the cdt gene in clinical isolates identified a variation of a single amino acid at residue 281 of CdtB, which significantly affected CDT toxicity by modulating the chromatin-degrading activity of CdtB.

scholarly journals Study of Antibodies to Cytolethal Distending Toxin B (CdtB) and Antibodies to Vinculin in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Maysaa El Sayed Zaki ◽  
Dina Elhammady ◽  
Mona Foda Salama ◽  
Mostafa Abdelsalam ◽  
Asmaa Osama Bakr Osman
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
The Other ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cytolethal Distending Toxin ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Toxin B ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Post Infectious

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder, categorized into various subtypes. Post-infection IBS may be attributed to the release of cytolethal distending toxin B (CdtB), which cross-reacts with the adhesion protein vinculin responsible for normal intestinal contractility. Objective: This study aims to identify anti-CdtB and anti-vinculin levels in IBS patients compared to healthy control. Subjects and methods: This retrospective case-control study was conducted on 100 patients with IBS, as determined by a questionnaire based on Rome IV criteria, recruited from the outpatient clinics of the Tropical Medicine at Mansoura University Hospital from January 2019 to January 2020. Results: Anti-vinculin and anti-CdtB levels were significantly elevated in patients with IBS (1.58±0.496ng/ml, 2.47±0.60ng/ml)  when compared to control subjects (1.13±0.249ng/ml, 2.1±0.24 ng/ml), respectively with P=0.001 for both.  Anti-vinculin level was significantly higher in the IBS-D subtype than the other subtypes (P=0.001) while, Anti-CdtB was significantly elevated in IBS-C, IBS-D subgroups compared to control subjects (P=0.001). Conclusion: Findings of the present study support the hypothesis that IBS results from post-infectious disorders initiated by bacterial enteritis. A hypothesis could be applied to all IBS subgroups. On the other hand. These biomarkers might reflect the post-infectious state's severity. These findings need further extensive longitudinal studies in patients with IBS.

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