Tu1251 - Antibodies to Campylobacter Jejuni -Derived Cytolethal Distending Toxin B and Human Vinculin Localize to the Gastrointestinal Tract after In Vivo Acute Administration

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 (6) ◽  
pp. S-914-S-915
Author(s):  
Stacy Weitsman ◽  
Walter Morales ◽  
Gonzalo Parodi ◽  
Gabriela Leite ◽  
Shreya Celly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Cytolethal Distending Toxin ◽  
Toxin B

scholarly journals Differences in virulence attributes between cytolethal distending toxin positive and negative Campylobacter jejuni strains

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepika Jain ◽  
Kashi Nath Prasad ◽  
Sushmita Sinha ◽  
Nuzhat Husain
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Cytolethal Distending Toxin ◽  
Culture Supernatants ◽  
Major Target

Campylobacter jejuni is a common gastrointestinal bacterial pathogen. Although cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) is proposed to be an important virulence determinant of this pathogen, how CDT+ and CDT− strains differ in their biological properties remains largely unknown. The virulence properties of CDT+ and CDT− strains were studied on HeLa cells and in the suckling mouse model. Presence of the cdtB gene in Campylobacter species was determined by PCR. Five each of CDT+ and CDT− C. jejuni strains were subjected to adherence, invasion and cytotoxicity assay on the HeLa cell line. Bacterial culture supernatants with and without CDT activity were inoculated intragastrically into 2-day-old suckling mice. The mice were sacrificed within 48 h. Histopathological examination of stomach, jejunum, ileum and colon was performed by haematoxylin/eosin staining. cdtB was detected in 88 % and 14 % of C. jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains, respectively. CDT+ C. jejuni strains adhered to and invaded HeLa cells in significantly higher numbers than CDT− strains [CDT+ vs CDT−, adherence 2.7×104±3.5×104 vs 2.7×102±1.9×102; invasion 1.0×103±1.3×103 vs1.4×101±3.1×101; P<0.01]. Culture supernatants of all CDT+ strains demonstrated CDT activity on HeLa cells. Mice inoculated with supernatant containing CDT activity had moderate to severe pathology in different parts of their gastrointestinal tract, with the colon being the major target. Mice inoculated with supernatant lacking CDT activity showed no significant pathology in the gastrointestinal tract. The results demonstrate that CDT+ C. jejuni strains adhere to and invade epithelial cells more efficiently than CDT− strains. CDT is responsible for intestinal pathology and the colon is the major target.

scholarly journals IN SILICO OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PRIMER DESIGN FOR Campylobacter jejuni cytolethal distending toxin B GENE AMPLIFICATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Rian Ka Praja
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Oligonucleotide Primer ◽  
Cytolethal Distending Toxin ◽  
Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Toxin B ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
M Phase ◽  
Reverse Primer

<p>Cytolethal distending toxin B (cdtB) is a genotoxinexpressed by <em>Campylobacter jejuni</em>. cdtB is a DNasethatinduces DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) in the nucleus causing cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and apoptosis. This study aimed to design and analyze in silico primer pairs to amplify cdtB gene of<em>C. jejuni</em>.The cdtB gene sequence with accession number AY445094.1was retrieved from GenBank NCBI and primer pairs were designed by using Primer-BLAST. Further analysis of primer quality such asself dimer, hairpin, repeats, and runwere done by NetPrimer. The results showed that forward primer pair 3 (5’-AGCAAGTGGAGTGTTAGCGT-3’) and reverse primer pair 3 (5’- TTGGAGTGGCTGTTCTTGGT-3’) met requirements as an ideal primer set to amplify cdtB gene in the term of primer length, Tm and GC% with a product length of 103 bp.In addition, based on NetPrimer analysis results, this primer pair had no self dimer, hairpin, repeats, and run. It can be concluded that a primer set to amplify cdtB gene of <em>C. jejuni</em>has been successfully designed<em>.</em>However, a wet experiment is needed to run this primer set in the laboratory setting.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: <em>Campylobacter jejuni</em>, cdtB gene, in silico, primer.</p>

Gram-scale synthesis of a neodymium chelate as a spectral CT and second near-infrared window imaging agent for visualizing the gastrointestinal tract in vivo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengrui Zhuang ◽  
Ke Xiang ◽  
Xiangxi Meng ◽  
Guohe Wang ◽  
Ziyuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Imaging Agent ◽  
Spectral Ct ◽  
Green Method ◽  
Infrared Window

A facile and green method was developed to fabricate Nd-DTPA on a large scale without byproducts for CT/spectral CT and NIR II fluorescence imaging of the gastrointestinal tract in vivo.

scholarly journals The glycosyltransferase ST3GAL2 is regulated by miR-615-3p in the intestinal tract of Campylobacter jejuni infected mice

Gut Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
De Xi ◽  
Lukas Hofmann ◽  
Thomas Alter ◽  
Ralf Einspanier ◽  
Stefan Bereswill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Colonic Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Pathway Analyses

Abstract Background Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) infections are of increasing importance worldwide. As a typical mucosal pathogen, the interaction of C. jejuni with mucins is a prominent step in the colonisation of mucosal surfaces. Despite recent advances in understanding the interaction between bacterial pathogens and host mucins, the mechanisms of mucin glycosylation during intestinal C. jejuni infection remain largely unclear. This prompted us to identify relevant regulatory networks that are concerted by miRNAs and could play a role in the mucin modification and interaction. Results We firstly used a human intestinal in vitro model, in which we observed altered transcription of MUC2 and TFF3 upon C. jejuni NCTC 11168 infection. Using a combined approach consisting of in silico analysis together with in vitro expression analysis, we identified the conserved miRNAs miR-125a-5p and miR-615-3p associated with MUC2 and TFF3. Further pathway analyses showed that both miRNAs appear to regulate glycosyltransferases, which are related to the KEGG pathway ‘Mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis’. To validate the proposed interactions, we applied an in vivo approach utilising a well-established secondary abiotic IL-10−/− mouse model for infection with C. jejuni 81-176. In colonic tissue samples, we confirmed infection-dependent aberrant transcription of MUC2 and TFF3. Moreover, two predicted glycosyltransferases, the sialyltransferases ST3GAL1 and ST3GAL2, exhibited inversely correlated transcriptional levels compared to the expression of the identified miRNAs miR-125a-5p and miR-615-3p, respectively. In this study, we mainly focused on the interaction between miR-615-3p and ST3GAL2 and were able to demonstrate their molecular interaction using luciferase reporter assays and RNAi. Detection of ST3GAL2 in murine colonic tissue by immunofluorescence demonstrated reduced intensity after C. jejuni 81-176 infection and was thus consistent with the observations made above. Conclusions We report here for the first time the regulation of glycosyltransferases by miRNAs during murine infection with C. jejuni 81-176. Our data suggest that mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis is concerted by the interplay of miRNAs and glycosyltransferases, which could determine the shape of intestinal glycosylated proteins during infection.

Ellagitannins, Gallotannins and their Metabolites- The Contribution to the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Food Products and Medicinal Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (37) ◽  
pp. 4946-4967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna K. Kiss ◽  
Jakub P. Piwowarski
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Impact

The popularity of food products and medicinal plant materials containing hydrolysable tannins (HT) is nowadays rapidly increasing. Among various health effects attributable to the products of plant origin rich in gallotannins and/or ellagitannins the most often underlined is the beneficial influence on diseases possessing inflammatory background. Results of clinical, interventional and animal in vivo studies clearly indicate the antiinflammatory potential of HT-containing products, as well as pure ellagitannins and gallotannins. In recent years a great emphasis has been put on the consideration of metabolism and bioavailability of natural products during examination of their biological effects. Conducted in vivo and in vitro studies of polyphenols metabolism put a new light on this issue and indicate the gut microbiota to play a crucial role in the health effects following their oral administration. The aim of the review is to summarize the knowledge about HT-containing products’ phytochemistry and their anti-inflammatory effects together with discussion of the data about observed biological activities with regards to the current concepts on the HTs’ bioavailability and metabolism. Orally administered HT-containing products due to the limited bioavailability of ellagitannins and gallotannins can influence immune response at the level of gastrointestinal tract as well as express modulating effects on the gut microbiota composition. However, due to the chemical changes being a result of their transit through gastrointestinal tract, comprising of hydrolysis and gut microbiota metabolism, the activity of produced metabolites has to be taken into consideration. Studies regarding biological effects of the HTs’ metabolites, in particular urolithins, indicate their strong and structure-dependent anti-inflammatory activities, being observed at the concentrations, which fit the range of their established bioavailability. The impact of HTs on inflammatory processes has been well established on various in vivo and in vitro models, while influence of microbiota metabolites on silencing the immune response gives a new perspective on understanding anti-inflammatory effects attributed to HT containing products, especially their postulated effectiveness in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Melatonin: A Novel Indolamine in Oral Health and Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Chava ◽  
K. Sirisha
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Systemic Level ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Anti Oxidant

This paper attempts to summarise the findings accumulated within the last few years concerning the hormone of darkness “melatonin.” Based on its origin, from the pineal gland until recently it was portrayed exclusively as a hormone. Due to its lipophilic nature, it is accessible to every cell. Thus, in the classic sense it is a cell protector rather than a hormone. Recent studies, by Claustrat et al. (2005), detected few extrapineal sources of melatonin like retina, gastrointestinal tract, and salivary glands. Due to these sources, research by Cutando et al. (2007), is trying to explore the implications of melatonin in the oral cavity, in addition to its physiologic anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory and oncostatic functions at systemic level that may be receptor dependent or independent. Recently, certain in vivo studies by Shimozuma et al. (2011), detected the secretion of melatonin from salivary glands further emphasising its local activity. Thus, within our confines the effects of melatonin in the mouth are reviewed, adding a note on therapeutic potentials of melatonin both systemically and orally.

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