Raman and FTIR Spectroscopy of Synthetic Amphiboles: I. The OH Librational Bands and the Determination of the OH-F Content of Richterites via Raman Spectroscopy

The Canadian Mineralogist ◽

10.3749/canmin.1900090 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Giancarlo Della Ventura ◽

Frank C. Hawthorne ◽

Boriana Mihailova ◽

Armida Sodo

Keyword(s):

Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Ftir Spectroscopy ◽

Raman Spectra ◽

Energy Region ◽

Low Energy ◽

Reliable Estimation ◽

A Site ◽

Combination Bands ◽

Two Peaks

Abstract Unpolarized FTIR and Raman spectra were collected in the regions 4000–4600 cm–1 (NIR) and 100–4000 cm–1 from previously synthesized and characterized amphiboles in the systems richterite–fluoro-richterite, potassic-richterite–potassic-fluoro-richterite, rubidium-richterite–rubidium-fluoro-richterite, and potassic-richterite–deuterated potassic-richterite. The NIR spectra of Na-, K-, and Rb-richterites have peaks at 4325, 4210 cm–1, and 3735–3730 cm–1. All three peaks decrease in intensity with increasing F content, indicating that the higher-energy peaks are combination bands involving the principal OH-stretch at 3735–3730 cm–1 and two OH-libration modes, the frequencies of which can be calculated from the relation ωcombination ≈ ωOH + ωlibration; these are 590 and 475 cm–1, respectively. The FTIR spectra of the richterite–fluoro-richterite and potassic-richterite–potassic-fluoro-richterite series show decreasing intensity and eventual disappearance of the band at ∼600 cm–1 with increasing F in accord with the assignment of this band as due to OH-libration. Raman spectra of the potassic-richterite–deuterated potassic-richterite amphiboles in the low-energy region show the disappearance of two peaks at 585 and 473 cm–1 that we have assigned to OH-libration modes. Collectively, these spectroscopic results indicate that there are two OH-libration modes at ∼590 and ∼475 cm–1 in these synthetic richterites and, by implication, in all monoclinic OH-bearing amphiboles with filled A sites. Similarly to FTIR, the relative intensities of the stretching modes associated with OH-A-OH and OH-A-F local configurations in the Raman spectra provide a reliable estimation of the F content in these A site-filled amphiboles.

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The influence of charge carrier diffusion on the ionometric determination of electron ranges in the low energy region

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research ◽

10.1016/0167-5087(82)90335-0 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 197 (2-3) ◽

pp. 401-409 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

B. Grosswendt ◽

E. Waibel

Keyword(s):

Charge Carrier ◽

Energy Region ◽

Low Energy ◽

Carrier Diffusion ◽

Ionometric Determination ◽

Charge Carrier Diffusion

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Determination of the Resolution of a Multichannel Raman Spectrometer Using Fourier Transform Raman Spectra

Applied Spectroscopy ◽

10.1366/000370203321535114 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 190-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Bryan T. Bowie ◽

Peter R. Griffiths

Keyword(s):

Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Fourier Transform ◽

Raman Spectra ◽

Shape Function ◽

Raman Spectrometer ◽

Fourier Transform Raman ◽

Nominal Resolution ◽

Line Shape Function ◽

Ft Raman

The resolution of a grating polychromator for Raman spectroscopy has been simulated by measuring spectra on a Fourier transform (FT) Raman spectrometer and selecting the FT of the apodization function so that the instrument line shape function mimics the triangular spectral slit function of the polychromator. To this end, FT-Raman spectra measured with a nominal resolution of 0.5 cm−1 were modified through the application of sinc2 apodization functions of various widths to simulate spectra measured on a polychromator at lower resolution. The success of this approach was validated using the 1085 cm−1 band of calcite. When the modified FT-Raman spectra were compared with spectra measured on a grating polychromator equipped with slits of widths 100 and 150 μm, the resolution of the polychromator was estimated to be 6.3 and 7.8 cm−1, respectively. This conclusion was verified experimentally by measuring the separation of two bands in the Raman spectrum of BaSO4 at ∼460 cm−1

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Determination of the Low-Energy Region of the Tritium Beta Spectrum

Physical Review ◽

10.1103/physrev.116.1544 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 116 (6) ◽

pp. 1544-1547 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

D. C. Conway ◽

W. H. Johnston

Keyword(s):

Energy Region ◽

Low Energy ◽

Beta Spectrum

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Raman Spectroscopy Allows for the Determination of Elephant Ivory Age

Applied Spectroscopy ◽

10.1177/0003702820930037 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 74 (8) ◽

pp. 940-947

Author(s):

Anna Sharikova ◽

Lubna Peerzada ◽

Kai Pisila ◽

Tine Chean Khoo ◽

Alexander Cherkinsky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Raman Spectra ◽

Raman Signal ◽

Nondestructive Technique ◽

Data Set ◽

Portable System ◽

Vibrational Bands ◽

Elephant Ivory ◽

Value Decomposition

Determination of the age of ivory is important for controlling illegal trafficking and the proper identification of ivory artifacts. Radiocarbon dating is the standard method of determining the age of ivories; however, it requires the destruction of a fragment of the sample. Raman spectroscopy is a nondestructive technique, and therefore can be used on artwork. Moreover, Raman measurements can be done using a portable system, and the data analysis can be performed on the spot once the groundwork is done. Ivories contain two primary components: collagen and bioapatite. Raman spectrum of ivory material is mainly a sum of the vibrational bands of these components. As collagen deteriorates with time, its Raman signal decreases; therefore, the ratio of collagen to bioapatite peaks is smaller in the older samples compared to the younger ones, providing a basis for sample dating. We have compared the results of Raman and radiocarbon measurements applied to a set of elephant ivory fragments and have successfully calibrated the Raman data set using radiocarbon measurements. We found that the Raman collagen to bioapatite peak ratios of the samples can be used as a metric to determine their age, providing a nondestructive technique to assess the age of ivory samples. We have also used singular value decomposition (SVD) to analyze the whole Raman spectra. We have observed clear separation between samples of different ages in the SVD component space. The samples also tended to align along the timeline diagonal in the correct order. The changes in multiple collagen and bioapatite peaks contribute to the differences in Raman spectra of ivory samples of different age.

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Raman Spectra in Molecular Solids: III.—Determination of the Phase Diagram of Solid P-Dichlorobenzene by High Pressure Raman Spectroscopy: Spoliation of the α-Phase

Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals ◽

10.1080/15421407408083138 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 27 (3-4) ◽

pp. 305-314 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

P. Figuiere ◽

H. Szwarc

Keyword(s):

Phase Diagram ◽

Raman Spectroscopy ◽

High Pressure ◽

Raman Spectra ◽

Molecular Solids ◽

Α Phase

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Raman spectroscopic determination of phase evolutions in LiAlxCo1−xO2 battery materials

Journal of Materials Research ◽

10.1557/jmr.2001.0001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

P. S. Dobal ◽

R. S. Katiyar ◽

M. S. Tomar ◽

A. Hidalgo

Keyword(s):

Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Raman Spectra ◽

Sintering Temperature ◽

Monoclinic Space Group ◽

Battery Materials ◽

Space Group ◽

Raman Spectroscopic ◽

Al Content

Superior battery materials LiAlxCo1−xO2 (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7) were synthesized using a solution-based route at various sintering temperatures (450–800 °C). In this communication, we report on the use of Raman spectroscopy to study effect of composition and sintering temperature on the resulting material. The phase evolutions in LiAlxCo1−xO2 compositions were studied using micro-Raman spectroscopy and a phase diagram is proposed based on the observations. For less Al content, the low-temperature phases of LiAlxCo1−xO2 showed Raman spectra corresponding to a monoclinic (space group C2/m) structure, while a low-temperature spinel (space group Fd3m) phase was observed for 50% or more Al in these compounds. All these compositions exhibited a layered hexagonal (space group R3m) structure when sintered above 700 °C. Raman spectra also revealed residual Co3O4 in the low-temperature forms of LiCoO2 and LiA10.01Co0.9O2.

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Uncertainties on the determination of K∩ sigma-term due to K∩ unphysical and low-energy region

Lettere al Nuovo Cimento ◽

10.1007/bf02817044 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 26 (17) ◽

pp. 555-561 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

B. Di Claudio ◽

G. Violini ◽

A. M. Rodeíguez-Vargas

Keyword(s):

Energy Region ◽

Low Energy ◽

Sigma Term

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Boson peak and nanostructure of chalcogenide glass-like semiconductors

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS ◽

10.24297/jap.v6i3.6959 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 1259-1262 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alekberov R.I

Keyword(s):

Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Chalcogenide Glass ◽

Energy Region ◽

Chalcogenide Glasses ◽

Structural Features ◽

Boson Peak ◽

Low Energy ◽

Nanometer Scale

The structural features of As2Se3, As40Se30S30, As40Se30Te30, As33.3Se33.3S33.4, As33.3Se33.3Te33.4 chalcogenide glasses have been studied by Raman spectroscopy in low-energy region. The results are explained in view of nanostructure of samples, i.e. by presence of heterogeneity in samples at the nanometer scale and with change their size depending on the modification of the chemical composition.

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Determination of the Ti speciation in commercial kaolins by Raman spectroscopy

Clay Minerals ◽

10.1180/000985599546389 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 479-485 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

E. Murad ◽

H. M. Köster

Keyword(s):

Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Chemical Analysis ◽

Raman Spectra ◽

Significant Positive Correlation ◽

Raman Band ◽

Accessory Minerals ◽

Specificity And Sensitivity ◽

Order Of Magnitude ◽

Selection Of

AbstractRaman spectra of a selection of kaolins with widely varying TiO2 contents revealed the presence of anatase in 17 of 18 samples. A significant positive correlation was observed between the intensity of the main anatase Raman band at ~145 cm-1 and the total TiO2 contents of the kaolins as determined by chemical analysis. No TiO2 modification other than anatase was detected in any of the samples.The determination of the anatase contents in kaolins by XRD becomes increasingly difficult as the concentration of this mineral decreases below ~0.5%. In contrast, anatase and brookite concentrations an order of magnitude lower can still be readily identified by Raman spectroscopy. The specificity and sensitivity of Raman spectroscopy for these TiO2 polymorphs, coupled with the simplicity and rapidity of measurement, therefore make this a viable technique for the routine study of these accessory minerals in kaolins.

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