The use of modern methods of aerophotography based on UAVs for the project of engineering protection measures against dangerous geological processes

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-135
Author(s):  
Andrey Kharichkin ◽  
◽  
Kirill Rogov ◽  
Aleksey Dranitsin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protection Measures ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Engineering Protection

С развитием и упрощением систем дистанционного зондирования Земли появляется возможность применения данных перспективных методы и технологии в инженерных изысканиях. Одним из таких методов является аэрофотосъёмка и получение цифровых моделей поверхности Земли на основе стереофотограмметрии при помощи беспилотного летательного аппарата (БПЛА). В статье описан опыт использование указанного метода для проектирования мероприятий инженерной защиты от опасных геологических процессов на острове Парамушир (город Северо-Курильск, реки Матросская и Кузьминка), в Кабардино-Балкарской Республике (гора Эльбрус) и в Московской области (деревня Летово, искусственная насыпь)

scholarly journals GEOECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF ENGINEERING PROTECTION FACILITIES OF THE IMERETI LOWLAND (SOCHI)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
А. Bakalov
Keyword(s):  
Geological Processes ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Engineering Protection

Difficult engineering and geological conditions of the Imeretinskaya lowland: the presence of specific soils with a thickness of more than 30 meters, several aquifers, including pressure, the development of dangerous geological processes (flooding, abrasion, suffusion, etc.) and, finally, increased seismicity was put before prospectors, designers and builders a very difficult task of erecting a whole series of unique Olympic facilities on this territory.

scholarly journals Problems of the Hydrosphere Engineering Protection in the Process of the Middle Urals Exhaust Mines Liquidation (the Lyovikha Mine as a Study Case)

2011 ◽  
pp. 58-71
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Hydrogeological Model ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Polluted Sites ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Hydrodynamic Situation ◽  
Hydrodynamical Effect ◽  
Engineering Protection ◽  
Polluted Waters

Vindication of the hydrosphere engineering protection measures in the process of mines work-out and liquidation is based on monitoring and hydro/geo/migration simulation outcomes. Methods of hydrosphere pollution prevention after mines’ liquidation are reduced to localization of polluted sites and polluted waters treatment at the points of their concentrated outcome with obligatory monitoring. For the area of hydrodynamical effect of the closed Lyovikha mine (Sverdlovsk oblast) a conceptual mathematical hydrogeological model has been developed. In the condition of the information deficit the model parametric saturation was carried out in the process of solution of inverse problems for characteristic periods of hydrodynamic situation variations.

Geotechnical Monitoring Of Frozen Earth Foundation By Cone Penetration Test

2019 ◽  
pp. 52-59
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Cone Penetration Testing ◽  
Geotechnical Monitoring ◽  
Permafrost Soils ◽  
Engineering Protection

This paper introduces a new approach to the diagnostics of frozen earth foundation condition and some aspects of physical processes, which impacts on properties and condition of permafrost soils. The influence of temperature change in the range from 0 to -10 °C on the state of frozen soil is considered. The significance of the concentration of salts in the pore water in the frozen earth is shown. On the example of recent studies of specialists of the "Fugro Group" on various sites it is revealed that with the help of cone penetration testing it is possible to assess the state of frozen soils and take into account their properties for the design of bases and foundations of structures. The new classification of frozen earth base condition with relation to pile foundation based on the new approach to geotechnical monitoring is proposed that makes it possible to adopt a sound decision on engineering protection measures. The proposed approach makes it possible to diagnose permafrost weakening/degradation under monitored structures at early stages and timely take proper adequate actions on engineering protection measures.

ANALYSIS OF BANK PROTECTION MEASURES CANYON IN THE COAST OF NEW IMERETI VALLEY IN THE ADLER DISTRICT OF SOCHI

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
С. Лещенко ◽  
S. Leschenko ◽  
А. Катлине Коблев ◽  
A. Katline Koblev
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Bank Protection ◽  
Winter Olympic Games ◽  
Olympic Village ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
A Site ◽  
Engineering Protection

The Imeretinsky lowland – the central fragment of a large Black Sea terrace of the Caucasian coast of Russia, is located in interfluve the rivers Mzymty and Psou. In its central and western part large sports complexes of the winter Olympic Games "Sochi-2014" and the Olympic village are under construction. It has led to necessity of engineering protection of coast from the constructed port Imeretinsky to east board of cape of Konstantinovsky. In the report the site located from the Southern pier of port to the western board of cape of Konstantinovsky is considered. On a site the underwater canyon Novuy is located. To provide stability of a shore, the project of coastal protection now is realized. This project provides building in a surface part of a beach ferroconcrete grille on piles and a slope from concrete cubes. Before should be fill an artificial pebble beach in width not less than 50 m. As has shown inspection of coastal protection constructions, rates a beach lag behind rates of its washout. The width of a surface beach makes now no more than 13 m. For scoping executed embankments sandy a material comparison bathymetric shootings before port building (2007) has been made and April, 2012. By comparison is established that slept pebble the material is at the bottom and doesn't move waves on coast. Thus, massed filling the pebble material, coasts of Imeretinsky lowland spent recently on a considered site, haven't led to formation of a steady surface beach in design width of 50 m. On this site, and also on a site around Konstantinovsky's canyon updating of design decisions is required.

Geological hazards and disasters in Newfoundland and Labrador

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 936-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Liverman ◽  
Martin Batterson ◽  
David Taylor ◽  
Janice Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Newfoundland And Labrador ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Geological Hazard ◽  
Storm Damage ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Rockfall Hazard ◽  
Geological Disasters ◽  
Geological Processes

A geological disaster occurs when natural geological processes impact on our activities, either through loss of life or injury or through economic loss. A geological hazard is a potential disaster. Geological hazard in the Province of Newfoundland and Labrador was studied by archival research using a variety of sources to document the historical record of disaster. This record, although undoubtedly incomplete and selective, demonstrates that the province was affected by numerous geological disasters that inflicted a major economic and social cost. At least 80 people have been killed in Newfoundland and Labrador since 1863 in such incidents, including debris flows, rockfalls, avalanches, and tsunamis. Many Newfoundland communities have developed at the base of steep slopes and are therefore prone to landslides and avalanches or are built adjacent to the coast and are susceptible to storm damage. The economic cost is difficult to estimate, but remedial measures for individual events range from Can$ 20 000 for the construction of 50 m of gabions and retaining walls to Can$ 3 000 000 for community-level coastal flood-protection measures. Many of the documented geological disasters were unavoidable and were the inevitable result of geography. However, some were predictable and therefore preventable, either because a similar event had previously occurred in the same area or because geological factors, such as rapid coastal erosion or rising relative sea levels, were not considered during the planning process. The identification of serious avalanche and rockfall hazards in the Battery, St. John's, has led to installation of protective measures. Archival research methods provide a cheap, effective, and useful means of defining regional geological hazard. Key words: avalanche, landslide, rockfall, hazard, tsunami.

scholarly journals Regional environmental programs of Dnipropetrovsk region: analysis, mapping, degree of implementation

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Environmental Programs ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Environmental Measures

The article is devoted to the geographical analysis of environmental problems and regional targeted environmental programs implemented in Dnipropetrovsk region. Geographical location, natural resources and human potential of the region contribute to the development of large enterprises in the extractive, metallurgical and chemical industries, which relate not only to material and energy-intensive industries, but also to environmentally hazardous facilities. As a result of the analysis, groups of environmental problems in the region were identified. Among them, the main ones are: pollution of the atmosphere and hydrosphere; violation of the natural water and hydrobiological regime of rivers; formation and accumulation of large volumes of industrial and domestic waste; storage of radioactive waste on the territory of the region and urban agglomerations; spread of dangerous exogenous geological processes; protection, use and reproduction of wild fauna and flora and a low level of conservation. These types of environmental problems are inherent in other regions, but in Dnipropetrovsk region they are of a higher level and therefore require special attention. It especially concerns accumulation of huge volumes of industrial wastes, including toxic wastes, as well as the storage of large volumes of radioactive waste on the territory of the Dnieper-Kamyansk agglomeration, which are a threat to the health of millions of people. It has been established that the largest number of nature protection measures is implemented within the framework of the program for eliminating the consequences of territorial flooding, but the largest amounts of funding are provided for under the solid waste management program. In the framework of these programs, nature protection activities are financed mainly from regional funds (48-50%), while other sources account for almost 30%. Environmental protection measures implemented in the region are grouped into five groups: organizational and management; engineering; engineering-geological; bio-meliorative; educational. A series of maps reflecting the severity of environmental problems in the region, the amount of funding and the degree of environmental measures implementation has been created. The study shows that the environmental situation in the region has improved both due to the implementation of regional environmental programs, and reduction of the negative impact on the environment due to a decrease in industrial production. Inadequate financing of environmental measures is exacerbated by the lack of a systematic approach to solving environmental problems of different nature and level.

Application Of Lime Marl In The Formation Of Areal Groundwater Mounds Of The Imereti Lowlands

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-111
Keyword(s):  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Crushed Stone ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Carbonate Material ◽  
Complex Engineering ◽  
Surface Settlements ◽  
Engineering Protection

The article deals with the experience of applying lime marl in the formation of engineering protection embankments on the unique territory of the Imereti Lowlands in terms of its engineering and geological conditions. It is known that this site became a place for construction of various facilities for carrying out a wide complex of sports actions of the Olympic Games-2014 (coastal cluster). It is shown how under complex engineering and geological conditions, engineering protection measures were realized. On the support sites - an experiment on the use of local carbonate material for backfilling of soil embankments of engineering protection was executed. Three versions of the backfilling of carbonate soil were used. It is established that the crushed stone mixture of lime marl in the course of 1-2 years of operation of the engineering protection structure increased the parameters of its mechanical properties due to natural cementing ability. In the case where the crushed stone mixture of lime marl was above the groundwater level, calcium oxide contributed to the strengthening of the rock, releasing the cementing layers of the compound. This confirmed the opening of the contact of the underlying soils and soils of engineering protection, as well as the absence of surface deformation in these areas during the operation of the erected structures. In the areas of quarters where the crushed stone mixture of lime marl was flooded as a result of malfunctions of the drainage system, surface settlements and deformations of the structures occurred.

Assessment of karst hazard in engineering surveys: a review of Russian regulatory technical documents

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 12-24
Author(s):  
V. A. Elkin
Keyword(s):  
Average Diameter ◽  
Geological Surveys ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Construction Activity ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Technical Documents ◽  
Karst Sinkhole ◽  
Engineering Protection ◽  
Technical Regulations

Engineering surveys are a required part of the construction activity in accordance with the Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation No. 190-FZ of December 29, 2004 and the Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures No. 384-ФЗ of December 30, 2009.The analysis of domestic regulatory technical documents containing the terms, requirements for the composition, volume and methods of studying hazardous territories is presented. Requirements for engineering surveys in karst development areas are most fully set out in SP 11-105-97 (Part II); TCH 302-50-95 RB; TSN 22-308-98 NN; TSN 11-301-2004Po, which are currently not valid. Issues of terminology are considered, problems in determining the normative indicators (sinkhole formation intensity and average diameter of karst sinkhole) are covered during the karst hazard assessment, in accordance with SP 11-105-97 (Part II). It is noted that it is necessary to make changes to a number of regulatory technical documents to eliminate contradictions and inconsistencies, especially in SP 22.13330.2016 "SNiP 2.02.01-83* Foundations of buildings and structures", SP 116.13330.2012 "SNiP 22-02-2003 Engineering Protection of Territories, buildings and structures from hazardous geological processes. Fundamental principles". The need to develop a new set of rules for the implementation of engineering surveys for construction on karst territories, in which it is supposed to take into account regional features of engineering surveys, is shown. It is proposed to take SP 11-105-97 (Part II) as a basis, in which the composition and volume of engineering and geological surveys are described in most detail and have not lost their relevance to the present.

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