The Causes of al-‘Ilāl According to Al-Bazzār in his Book al-Bahru’z-Zakhār “An Applied Study”

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (- 2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Qadir ◽  
F. Gorashi
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Scholarly Work ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Core ◽  
Applied Study ◽  
Valuable Book ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Core Part

Critics among the traditionalists “Muhadditheen” defectify Hadith on the basis of certain reasons associated to a particular Hadith. This research work specifies the scholarly work done by the great critic, Imam Bazzar in the field of Hadith defection provided in his valuable book Musnad Al-Bazzar (Collection of Prophetic traditions).  The entire research work is divided into three main parts. The first part provides a brief introduction of the author, and his book "Musnad al-Bazzar ". The second part describes the science of Hadith Defection “ ‘Ilal”  and overview of the writings on the subject. The third part is the core part of this research work, identifying the causes of Hadith Defection “ ‘Ilal” adopted by Imam Bazzar, in addition to the illustrative examples, as well as the study of defectification in the light of rules laid down by the well-known critics and traditionalists ‘Muhadditheen’. The Research Methodology I have adopted here is descriptive analytical approach towards methods of Hadith collection, reviewing them and extracting the cause of defect in the light of methodology adopted by Imam Bazzar. The researcher concludes that the causes of Hadith Defection adopted by Bazzar are uniqueness, illusion, defilement, divergences in attribution, interval, Concealment and conduct.

Rights, Authority, and Workability: An Examination of Universal Jurisdiction

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Srdan Durica
Keyword(s):  
Universal Jurisdiction ◽  
Scholarly Work ◽  
Contemporary State ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
The Subject

In this paper, I conceptualize ‘universal jurisdiction’ along three axes: rights, authority, and workability to reduce the compendium of scholarly work on the subject into three prominent focus areas. I then review the longstanding debates between critics and supports, and ultimately show the vitality of this debate and persuasiveness of each side’s sets of arguments. By using these three axes as a sort of methodological filter, one can develop a richer understanding of universal jurisdiction, its theoretical pillars, practical barriers, and the core areas of contention that form the contemporary state of knowledge.

scholarly journals Some Problems of Perspective Planning in Pakistan

1964 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-202
Author(s):  
Said Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Time Horizon ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Preceding Period ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Perspective Planning ◽  
Economic Future ◽  
Work Done

The growing confidence of Pakistan's planners in the nation's economic future is indicated by the boldness of their successive plans and by the lengthening of their time horizon. As far as the latter is concerned, the First Five-Year Plan did not reflect any thinking on economic and social development beyond a specific five-year period; the Second Plan, however, contained some remarks on long-term growth; the Third Plan is being prepared in close relation to the work being done on the Perspective Plan. What fifteen years ago would have been regarded as a waste of time is now considered to be of basic import¬ance for sound planning. What nobody dared think about in the earlier days is now the subject of serious analysis and policy-making. The need for a Perspective Plan is there not only from an economic angle but there are also sound political reasons for it. From the economic angle, we realized that the five-year periods chosen for our plans are only arbitrary periods in a process stretching over a much longer time. Our decisions and policies during one plan influence the pattern of growth in the next one, and influence also the effectiveness of established policies. Therefore, any particular five-year plan has to be part of a whole chain of plans, all fitting together and building further on the work done in the preceding period.

scholarly journals Objektivnost različitih načina procjenjivanja školskih pisanih zadaća

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomislav Grgin ◽  
Bogdana Marinković
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Third Graders ◽  
School Work ◽  
The Third ◽  
School Subjects ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Work Done

The investigation was conducted In order to evaluate the objecitivily of the three ways of grading school work: classical way which is used most in schools, then grading with the help of "standard notebook" lor the grade "C" and the grading of work comparatively in pairs. The subject of evaluation was the school work of the third-graders in middle school. Subjects were history and biology, The independent graders were the teachers of these subjects from different middle schools.The results showed that all of these ways of grading do not ensure the same objectivity of grades. The least objective is the classical way, more reliable is one with "standard notebook" and relatively most reliable is the comparison of school work done in pairs.

Interoperability Issues for Systems Managing Competency Information

2010 ◽  
pp. 83-105
Author(s):  
Bernard Blandin ◽  
Geoffrey Frank ◽  
Simone Laughton ◽  
Kenji Hirata
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Semantic Model ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Core ◽  
Digital Services ◽  
Core Part

This chapter has four sections. The first one describes how the needs for interoperability in exchanging competency information have been addressed so far. The second part adopts a “Digital Services Supply Chain” approach and discusses the issues related to the exchange of competency information across systems regarding this approach. The third part is the core part of this chapter. It describes the 4 levels of the proposed approach: the Conceptual Reference Model (CRM), the Semantic Model, the Information Model and the Data Model. The final section presents the research directions currently envisaged, and the research programme needed to make the proposed approach operational.

Interoperability Issues for Systems Managing Competency Information

2012 ◽  
pp. 1523-1544
Author(s):  
Bernard Blandin ◽  
Geoffrey Frank ◽  
Simone Laughton ◽  
Kenji Hirata
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Semantic Model ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Core ◽  
Digital Services ◽  
Core Part

This chapter has four sections. The first one describes how the needs for interoperability in exchanging competency information have been addressed so far. The second part adopts a “Digital Services Supply Chain” approach and discusses the issues related to the exchange of competency information across systems regarding this approach. The third part is the core part of this chapter. It describes the 4 levels of the proposed approach: the Conceptual Reference Model (CRM), the Semantic Model, the Information Model and the Data Model. The final section presents the research directions currently envisaged, and the research programme needed to make the proposed approach operational.

How Kant was Never a Wolffian, or Estimating Forces to Enforce Influxus Physicus

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-56
Author(s):  
Ursula Goldenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Political Debate ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Core Problem ◽  
Political Battle

This chapter aims to show that Kant has never been a Wolffian but started his career precisely from the core problem of the Pietists to secure the influxus physicus and thereby liberum arbitrium. I will first present the battle of Pietist and other Lutheran theologians against Wolffianism as a theological-political battle, which explains its extension as well as its fierceness. Then I will explain how a metaphysical hypothesis such as Leibniz’s pre-established harmony could become the subject of a theological-political debate in the Protestant area of the Empire lasting for decades. Only in the third section I will situate Kant’s very first, but quite lengthy book in this context and contrast his declared intention to solve the controversy between Leibnizians and Cartesians about the estimation of forces with his actual metaphysical approach to save influxus physicus. It will be shown that Kant’s approach lacks any familiarity with modern mechanics and mathematics. Finally, I will point to the contemporary reception of Kant’s first book which confirms my evaluation.

7. Certainty

2019 ◽  
pp. 182-212
Author(s):  
JE Penner
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Traditional Family ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Subject

Titles in the Core Text series take the reader straight to the heart of the subject, providing focused, concise, and reliable guides for students at all levels. A declaration of trust must be ‘certain’, meaning that a settlor must declare the terms of the trust with sufficient ‘certainty’ or precision for the trustees to know what they must do, or the intended trust fails. This chapter discusses the ‘three certainties’, following Knight v Knight (1840): certainty of intention; certainty of subject matter; and certainty of objects, in both the traditional family and commercial contexts. The first concerns the question whether what the putative settlor did or said amounts to a declaration of a trust over his property. The second requires that the property that is to form the trust corpus is identifiable. The third requires that the intended beneficiaries, the ‘objects’ of the trust, are identifiable.

Materialism, dialectics, and theology in Alain Badiou

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-54
Author(s):  
Mads Peter Karlsen
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Saint Paul ◽  
Alain Badiou ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Materialist Dialectic

This article examines the relationship between materialism, dialectics, and theology in Alain Badiou's work. The first three sections of the article focus on Badiou's reading of Hegelian dialectics in his 1982 work, Theory of the Subject. The first section accounts for Badiou's splitting of Hegel into an idealist and materialist dialectic, and presents an exposition of the latter. The second section outlines Badiou's critical analysis of the theological model implicit in Hegel's dialectics. The third section investigates the core of this criticism through a discussion of Badiou's reading of the “negation of the negation.” The remaining four sections examine the anti-dialectical interpretation of the Christ-event that Badiou presents in his book Saint Paul. Here the article illustrates how Badiou's insistence on separating the death of Christ from the resurrection is linked to his rejection of the doctrines of Trinity and Incarnation, and how this drives Badiou towards idealism.

ICT-Enabled Learning Settings

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Colazzo ◽  
Andrea Molinari ◽  
Nicola Vill
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Virtual Community ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Levels

The paper presents a discussion on the different approaches that the authors have found in learning settings respect to ICT platforms that support the educational activities. The authors discuss three different approaches in pursuing learning activities in real educational contexts. The considered approaches are different in the sense of the metaphor used. The approaches related to LMSs follow the metaphor of “course”, while in the approaches related with web 2.0 technologies (like Facebook™, Twitter™, Flickr™ etc), the founding metaphor is the individual with its social networks. Finally, the third approach has its building blocks in the idea of (virtual) community and virtual communities systems, where the core paradigm of the platform is the (virtual) community that offers specialized services for the purpose of the community to the enrolled members, and where the subject is just a participant that adheres to the rules of the community, with duties, rights, tasks to do and objectives to achieve. The authors will discuss all these three approaches, the different levels of applicability in learning settings, and specifically the potential of the virtual communities-based system that they adopted in the experimentations conducted in the last ten years.

History of Philosophy as a Memory

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 129-142
Author(s):  
Stanisław Buda
Keyword(s):  
Special Property ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Core ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Philosophical Progress ◽  
New System ◽  
The Way

In the first part I focus on the issue of progress, in particular progress in philosophy. Philosophical progress has a special property that it shares with the process of becoming a better person. It is constantly finding yourself “on the way”. This path is not only anchored in the Absolutely Perfect but it conditions and stimulates the reflection towards the truth about the relationship between Him and us. We can assume that the core of this reflection is philosophy. The second part is devoted to the paradoxical nature of the most generally understood memory. I assume that the condition of awareness of a certain content is its outdatedness, that is, its transfer to the sphere of memory. Memory is a constantly updated and constantly re-ordered picture of everything that the subject has ever relegated from being, so that it can be replaced by something else. The foundation of this order is a certain axiology. In the third part I show how the sketched concept of memory is used to describe the mechanism of the evolution of philosophical thought. The “on the way” philosophy would consist of two constantly repeated activities: on reconstructing what is to be denied, and thus on the recognition of the previous philosophical achievements in its totality, and on its negation. This denial would concern the whole of this achievement as an axiologically reconstructed unity. The new system is only realized as a series of consequences of the negation of the current state. The vast majority of philosophical reflection focuses on the constitution of this current state, its supposed unity. In the short part of the fourth, I draw up prospects for further deliberations.

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