scholarly journals Late Pleistocene stratigraphy, glaciation chronology and Middle Weichselian environmental history from Klintholm, Møn, Denmark

1994 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 181-202
Author(s):  
Michael Houmark Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Luminescence Dating ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Baltic Coast ◽  
Late Weichselian ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Amino Acid Chronology

A new and fundamental outline of the Late Pleistocene geological history in SE Denmark is obtained from examination of exposed cliff sections along the Baltic coast of M0n. Multi­diciplinary studies including lithostratigraphic classification, analyses of glaciotectonic struc- tures, biostratigraphic studies, amino acid chronology and radiocarbon and luminescence dating indicate the following: A shallow boreo-lusitanian sea that characterized the Eemian interglaciation (130-115 ka BP) was followed by periglacial conditions during the Early Weichselian (l 15-75 ka BP). In the early part of the Middle Weichselian (75--c. 40 ka BP) Baltic glaciers invaded the region twice, intenupted by an ice free and periglacial interval around 50 ka BP. The first ice stream left a reddish coloured till dominated by exotic rock-types of eastern Baltic provenance. From about 40-35 ka BP to slightly before 20 ka BP ameliorated conditions with periglacial terrestrial and lacustrine environments are recorded. A lake basin in the western part of the Baltic was surrounded by a low releif mammoth-steppe with an almost treeless vegetation of grasses, sedges, heather and dwarf shrubs. Increasing amounts of diamicton dominated by Palaeozoic shale and limestone towards the top of the muddy and slightly organic lake sediments suggest ice-rafting in the basin by the end of the late Middle Weichselian. Deposits suffered strong glaciotectonic deformation during the Late Weichselian glacial maximum (25-15 ka BP).

scholarly journals Extent and age of Middle and Late Pleistocene glaciations andperiglacial episodes in southern Jylland, Denmark

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 9-35
Author(s):  
Michael Houmark Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Luminescence Dating ◽  
Scandinavian Ice Sheet ◽  
Ice Wedge ◽  
Low Arctic ◽  
Middle And Late Pleistocene ◽  
Late Weichselian ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Growth Formation ◽  
Pleistocene Sediment

New evidence on distribution and chronology of glaciations in southern Jylland is presented. Ten stratigraphic units including four till-formations have been identified in Middle- and Late Pleistocene sediment successions. The timing of successive glaciations and periglacial interludes based on luminescence dating is established for the past c. 200 kyr. The OSL-chronology predicts that deposition of Lillebælt Till (Late Saalian, Warthe Glaciation) occurred at 180-160 kyr. Deglaciation followed and barren periglacial environments existed until beginning of the Eemian. Periglacial conditions were restored c. 115 kyr ago and lasted well into the Middle Weichselian. Expansion of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet through the Baltic depression into southern Jylland caused deposition of Ristinge Klint Till (Ristinge Glaciation) c. 55–50 kyr ago. Glaciers flowed westwards beyond the Main Stationary Line (MSL) and may have terminated along ice showed ridges in the periglacially smoothed landscape east of the present North Sea coast. This traditionally named “Old Baltic”glaciation is now recognized elsewhere in the circum Baltic region besides Denmark. Deglaciation was succeeded by periglacial environments with cryoturbation, ice wedge growth, formation of wind abrasion pavements and low arctic habitats. Approaching the global glacio-eustatic low stand of the Last Glacial Maximum increased cooling and enhanced down slope creep caused widespread solifluction. In a sequence of Late Weichselian glacier advances, Mid Danish Till, East Jylland Till and Bælthav Till was deposited under progressing deglaciation between 25 and 18 kyr ago. Retarded melting of dead ice from the Ristinge Glaciation formed thermo karst depressions on the surfaceof outwash plains in front of MSL.

Monsoon variability and chemical weathering during the late Pleistocene in the Goriganga basin, higher central Himalaya, India

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven P. Beukema ◽  
R.V. Krishnamurthy ◽  
N. Juyal ◽  
N. Basavaiah ◽  
A.K. Singhvi
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Luminescence Dating ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Central Himalaya ◽  
Cool Period ◽  
Monsoon Variability ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Moderate Climate

AbstractStable isotope analysis along with radiocarbon and luminescence dating of late Pleistocene lacustrine deposits at Burfu in the higher central Himalaya are used to interpret hydrologic changes in the lake basin. From 15.5 ka to ~ 14.5 ka the Burfu lake was largely fed by melting glaciers. A warming event at 14.5 ka suggests an enhanced monsoon and increased carbonate weathering. From ~ 13.5 ka to ~ 12.5 ka the isotopic data suggest large-amplitude climate variability. Following this, the isotope data suggest a short-lived, abrupt cooling event, comprising a ~ 300-yr intense cool period followed by a ~ 500-yr interval of moderate climate. A shift in isotope values at ~ 11.3 ka may signify a strengthening monsoon in this region. The inferred climatic excursions appear to be correlative, at least qualitatively, with global climatic events, and perhaps the Burfu lake sequence provides regional evidence of globally recorded excursions. This study also suggests a potential use of radiocarbon ages in specific environments as a paleoenvironmental proxy.

Spatiotemporal patterns of distributed slip in southern Owens Valley indicated by deformation of late Pleistocene shorelines, eastern California

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1681-1703
Author(s):  
Steven N. Bacon ◽  
Thomas F. Bullard ◽  
Amanda K. Keen-Zebert ◽  
Angela S. Jayko ◽  
David L. Decker
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Spatiotemporal Patterns ◽  
Luminescence Dating ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Extension Rate ◽  
Owens Valley ◽  
Beach Ridges ◽  
South Central

Abstract High-resolution elevation surveys of deformed late Pleistocene shorelines and new luminescence dating provide improved constraints on spatiotemporal patterns of distributed slip between normal and strike-slip faulting in southern Owens Valley, eastern California. A complex array of five subparallel faults, including the normal Sierra Nevada frontal fault and the oblique-normal Owens Valley fault, collectively form an active pull-apart basin that has developed within a dextral transtensional shear zone. Spatiotemporal patterns of slip are constrained by post–IR-IRSL (post-infrared–infrared stimulated luminescence) dating of a 40.0 ± 5.8 ka highstand beach ridge that is vertically faulted and tilted up to 9.8 ± 1.8 m and an undeformed suite of 11–16 ka beach ridges. The tectono-geomorphic record of deformed beach ridges and alluvial fans indicates that both normal and dextral faulting occurred between the period of ca. 16 and 40 ka, whereas dextral faulting has been the predominant style of slip since ca. 16 ka. A total extension rate of 0.7 ± 0.2 mm/yr resolved in the N72°E direction across all faults in Owens Lake basin is within error of geodetic estimates, suggesting extension has been constant during intervals of 101–104 yr. A new vertical slip rate of 0.13 ± 0.04 m/k.y. on the southern Owens Valley fault from deformed 160 ± 32 ka shoreline features also suggests constant slip for intervals up to 105 yr when compared to paleoseismic vertical slip rates from the same fault segment. This record supports a deformation mechanism characterized by steady slip and long interseismic periods of 8–10 k.y. where the south-central Owens Valley fault and Sierra Nevada frontal fault form a parallel fault system.

Eolian and fluvial sedimentation in the southwestern Sinai Mountains, Egypt: a record of flash floods during the late Pleistocene

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-299
Author(s):  
Jörg Völkel ◽  
Jörg Grunert ◽  
Matthias Leopold ◽  
Kerstin Hürkamp ◽  
Juliane Huber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
Luminescence Dating ◽  
Alluvial Fans ◽  
Extreme Floods ◽  
Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dating ◽  
Fluvial Sedimentation ◽  
Southwestern Sinai ◽  
The Last Glacial

Wadis emerging from the southwestern Sinai Mountains (Egypt) westwards to the Gulf of Suez are filled by >40 m thick late Pleistocene sediments, which have been subsequently incised to bedrock after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Sedimentation and erosion resulted from changes in the basin's hydrological conditions caused by climate variations. Sediment characteristics indicate distinct processes ranging from high to low energy flow regimes. Airborne material is important as a sediment source. The fills are associated with alluvial fans at wadi mouths at the mountain fronts. Each alluvial fan is associated and physically correlated with the respective sediment fill in its contributing wadi. The alluvial fans have steep gradients and are only a few kilometers long or wide. The alluvial fans converge as they emerge from the adjacent valleys. According to optically stimulated luminescence dating, the initial sediment has an age of ∼45 ka and the sedimentation ends ∼19 ka, i.e., happened mainly during marine isotope stage (MIS) 3 and early MIS 2 formation and initial incision sometime during LGM. As the delivery of sediments in such a hyper-arid environment is by extreme floods, this study indicates an interval of intense fluvial activity, probably related to increased frequency of extreme floods in Southern Sinai. This potentially indicates a paleoclimatic change in this hyper-arid environment.

Facies Composition and Stratigraphic Position of the Quaternary Upper Yenisei Sequence in the Tuva and Minusa Depressions

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1127-1138
Author(s):  
I.D. Zol’nikov ◽  
I.S. Novikov ◽  
E.V. Deev ◽  
A.V. Shpansky ◽  
M.V. Mikharevich
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Lacustrine Sediments ◽  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
Luminescence Dating ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Gorny Altai ◽  
Stratigraphic Position ◽  
Geochronological Dating ◽  
Current Ripples

Abstract —The paper concerns the sediment sequence, which is widespread in the Yenisei valley and in the Tuva and Minusa depressions and also present in the valleys of the southern Chulym plain. The sediments of this sequence were previously described as “Neogene mud-shedding”, as well as moraines, alluvial fan deposits, alluvium of Middle Pleistocene high terraces, and lacustrine sediments. The giant ripple marks on the Upper Yenisei terraces was commonly interpreted as ribbed moraines; however, in recent studies, these ridges have been repeatedly referred to as marks of giant current ripples. Besides, some recently published papers provide description of geology of this sequence fragments suggesting its deposition by cataclysmic floods. Geomorphological analysis of the area shows Pleistocene glaciers to have been localized within the medium–high mountainous areas. The glaciers did not reach the Tuva and Minusa depressions and occupied large areas only in the Todzha basin and on the periphery of the Darkhat basin, forming a glacial dam at its outlet, which resulted in glacial-dammed lakes filling the basin completely. These lakes outburst, and the resultant flooding led to the deposition of megaflood sediments, which we refer to here as the Upper Yenisei sediment sequence. A detailed analysis of its facies architecture revealed similarity of these sediments to those of the Sal’dzhar and Inya sequences in Gorny Altai. Most of the Upper Yenisei megaflood sediments are localized in topographic lows of the Tuva and Minusa depressions. Beyond the Altai–Sayan mountainous area, the megaflood sediments of the Upper Yenisei sequence compose high terraces of the Yenisei, Chulym, Chet’, and Kiya rivers in the southern Chulym plain. The formation of Upper Yenisei sequence dates to the first half of the Late Pleistocene, inasmuch as it contains inset alluvial sediments of the second terrace of the Yenisei River. The available data allow suggesting that the Upper Yenisei sequence formed in the first Late Pleistocene regional glaciation. The Sal’dzhar sequence in Gorny Altai and the fourth terrace of the Ob’ River on the Fore-Altai plain are stratigraphic analogs of the Upper Yenisei sequence. The Upper Yenisei and Sal’dzhar sequences can thus be considered future regional markers serving as a link for the local stratigraphic schemes of the Altai–Sayan mountainous area and adjacent West Siberian plains. The results obtained call for verification by geochronological dating, first of all, by modern luminescence dating methods covering a wider chronological interval than radiocarbon dating.

scholarly journals Among Forests, Wetlands and Animals: Ecocriticism in the Baltics

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Kadri Tüür ◽  
Ene-Reet Soovik
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Urban Studies ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Environmental Humanities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Significant Events ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Institutional Representation

      Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania often tend to be grouped together under the label of ’the Baltic countries’, yet they constitute a region characterised by a diversity which also manifests itself in the field of academic research. Still, it may be possible to detect some common elements in the ecocriticism-related activities that have been taking place in these states during the past couple of decades. The article maps the salient tendencies in the environmental humanities (including ecocriticism) of the region that recently gained an institutionalised platform in the form of the Baltic Conferences on the Environmental Humanities and Social Sciences (BALTEHUMS) that were started in 2018. A survey is given of the three countries’ most significant events and publications that have boasted an ecocritical component, ecocriticism’s institutional representation and inclusion of ecocritical issues in university syllabuses and theory textbooks, as well as some pertinent topics and sub-fields on which the scholars in these countries are currently working. Among these, various aspects of the connections of literature and the ecosystems of the forest (trees) and the mire can be noticed; while also animal studies, literary urban studies, bio- and ecosemiotics and environmental history appear to have entered a fruitful dialogue with ecocritical scholarship currently conducted in the Baltics.

scholarly journals Ships and their timber source as indicators of connections between regions

AmS-Skrifter ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 133-143
Author(s):  
Aoife Daly
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Baltic Coast ◽  
Art Objects ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
North And South ◽  
North Western

The precise dating and determination of the source of timbers in shipwrecks found around the coasts of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, through dendrochronology allows us to see connections between north and  south, east and west throughout the region and to a high chronological precision. In this paper we take a look at results of recent analyses of timber from ships, and timber and barrel cargoes, to try to draw a chronological picture, from the twelfth to seventeenth centuries, of links between regions, through transport in oak ships and trade of timber. Archaeological finds of oak from timber cargos in shipwrecks and fine art objects (painted panels and sculpture) show the extent to which timber was shipped from Hanseatic towns along the southern Baltic coast, to western and north-western Europe.

Aeolian Environments

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard Koster
Keyword(s):  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Ural Mountain ◽  
Aeolian Processes ◽  
The North ◽  
Aeolian Deposits ◽  
The World ◽  
Western Border ◽  
Late Weichselian ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
North Western

The literature on aeolian processes and on aeolian morphological and sedimentological features has shown a dramatic increase during the last decade. A variety of textbooks, extensive reviews, and special issues of journal volumes devoted to aeolian research have been published (Nordstrom et al. 1990; Pye and Tsoar 1990; Kozarski 1991; Pye 1993; Pye and Lancaster 1993; Cooke et al. 1993; Lancaster 1995; Tchakerian 1995; Livingstone and Warren 1996; Goudie et al. 1999). However, not surprisingly the majority of these studies discuss aeolian processes and phenomena in the extensive warm arid regions of the world. The results of aeolian research in the less extensive, but still impressive, cold arid environments of the world are only available in a diversity of articles. At best they are only briefly mentioned in textbooks on aeolian geomorphology (Koster 1988, 1995; McKenna-Neuman 1993). Likewise, the literature with respect to wind-driven deposits in western Europe is scattered and not easily accessible. The aeolian geological record for Europe, as reflected in the ‘European sand belt’ in the north-western and central European Lowlands, which extends from Britain to the Polish–Russian border, is known in great detail (Koster 1988; van Geel et al. 1989; Böse 1991). Zeeberg (1998) showed that extensive aeolian deposits progress with two separate arms into the Baltic Region, and into Belorussia and northernmost Ukraine. Recently, Mangerud et al. (1999) concluded that the sand belt extends even to the Pechora lowlands close to the north-western border of the Ural mountain range in Russia. Sand dunes and cover sands are widespread and well developed in this easternmost extension of the European sand belt. The northerly edges of this sand belt more or less coincide with the maximal position of the Late Weichselian (Devensian, Vistulian) ice sheet, while the southern edges grade into coverloams or sandy loess and loess (Mücher 1986; Siebertz 1988; Antoine et al. 1999). However, along these southern edges the dune fields and sand sheets regionally are derived from different sources, such as the sands of the Keuper Formation or the floodplains of the Rhine and Main rivers.

The Organisation of Late Pleistocene Robberg Blade Technology in the Doring River Catchment, South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marika Low ◽  
Alex Mackay
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Technological Characteristic ◽  
Spatial Organisation ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Provisioning Strategies

AbstractEmphasis on the production of small unretouched blades is the strongest defining technological characteristic of southern African assemblages referred to as the Robberg – a ‘technologically uniform’ technocomplex identified across the sub-continent. This paper explores the spatial organisation of Robberg blade technology from three rockshelter sites in the Doring River catchment of the eastern Cederberg Mountains. The Doring is both a key source of water and toolstone, and the three sites are located at varying distances from it. Blades and blade cores from these sites are used to explore the influence of distance to source on the abundance of raw materials, staging of production and maintenance/reduction of transported artefacts. Results suggest key differences in procurement and provisioning strategies for different materials. Hunter-gatherers ‘geared up’ with hornfels and silcrete blades at the river before moving up the tributaries where toolkits were supplemented by small numbers of blades made from transported silcrete cores and the situational use of local rock types such as quartz. Results demonstrate the importance of understanding local-scale controls on technological organisation before inferring patterns of broader behavioural import.

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