Individual differences in social anxiety affect the salience of errors in social contexts

The Interpersonal Perception Task-15 videotape served as a criterion measure to test hypotheses about individual differences in interpersonal perception. 160 undergraduates completed the Personal Report of Communication Apprehension Scale, the Shyness and Sociability Scale, and the Interpersonal Perception Task-15. Scores on the Communication Apprehension Scale were negatively correlated with Interpersonal Perception Task-15 scores, as predicted. Scores on the Shyness scale were negatively correlated with scores on the Interpersonal Perception Task-15, while Sociability scale scores were positively correlated. These results underscore the association between social anxiety and interpersonal perception.

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Situational Embarrassment and Its Relationship to Social Anxiety in Adults Who Stutter

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2021_jslhr-21-00158 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Yvonne Tran ◽

Elaine Blumgart ◽

Ashley Craig

Keyword(s):

Social Anxiety ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Social Contexts ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Social Situations ◽

Situational Contexts ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Adults Who Stutter ◽

Relationship Of ◽

At Home

Purpose Adults who stutter (AWS) have increased risk of comorbid social anxiety about speaking in social contexts. AWS also report experiencing embarrassment in different social situations; however, research has rarely been conducted on embarrassment and its relationship to social anxiety in AWS. Method AWS ( N = 200) reported their level of embarrassment on four 10-point Likert items when speaking in four situational contexts: at home, to an individual important to them, in social groups, and at work. Participants were also assessed for sociodemographic, stuttering, and anxiety variables. Construct validity for the four embarrassment items was examined, the extent of embarrassment established in the four contexts as a function of age and sex, and the relationship of embarrassment to social anxiety evaluated. Results Evidence of acceptable construct validity and reliability is presented for the four embarrassment Likert items. Sixty-five percent of the sample experienced high levels of embarrassment when speaking in groups or at work, while 35.5% experienced high levels when speaking at home or to an individual important to them. Participants were significantly more embarrassed ( p < .01) when speaking at work or when socializing in groups. Embarrassment was lowest when speaking in the home. Younger females were significantly more embarrassed when speaking at work or when socializing in groups. Those with high embarrassment scores on all four items were more likely to have elevated social anxiety scores ( p < .001). Conclusion These preliminary results suggest that the assessment of situational embarrassment could be an important clinical measure that may help improve stuttering treatment outcomes that also target social anxiety.

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Prevalence and features of spontaneous recurrent images in social anxiety disorder: findings from a Korean community sample

Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy ◽

10.1017/s135246581900064x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 172-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Da Eun Suh ◽

Kyung-Ah Chang ◽

Ji Un Hwang ◽

Jung-Hye Kwon

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Social Anxiety ◽

Social Anxiety Disorder ◽

Community Sample ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Social Contexts ◽

Self Report ◽

Social Situations ◽

Distress Level ◽

Negative Images

AbstractBackground:Previous studies have indicated that people with social anxiety disorder (SAD) often experience spontaneous, recurrent images (SRI). It was assumed that Koreans with interdependent self-views may contain more features related to social contexts in their self-images than those reported in Western cultures.Aims:In the present study, we aimed to explore the prevalence and content of SRIs in individuals with SAD in Korea. Furthermore, we investigated the relationship between features of SRIs and variables of SAD.Method:Sixty-four individuals with SAD (27.00 ± 7.42 years, 64.1% female), diagnosed with SAD, completed self-report questionnaires related to social anxiety. Afterwards, a semi-structured interview was used to assess features and content of the individuals’ SRI.Results:Thirty (47%) of the participants reported experiencing SRIs in social situations. The content of the SRIs were classified under three themes: negative self-images, negative images of others, and abstract images. The distress level of SRIs was positively associated with social phobia scales (r = .385, p < .05) and physical anxiety symptoms (r = .478, p < .05). Frequency of SRIs was positively associated with avoidance scores (r = .402, p < .05).Conclusions:The results demonstrated differences in the prevalence and content of the SRIs between Western and non-Western cultures. Fewer individuals with SAD in Korea reported having SRIs, and the content of these SRIs involved people other than the self. Some features of SRIs were associated with variables of SAD.

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Individual Differences in Learning Social and Non-Social Network Structures

10.31234/osf.io/zs6mc ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Steven Tompson ◽

Ari E Kahn ◽

Emily B. Falk ◽

Jean M Vettel ◽

Danielle S Bassett

Keyword(s):

Social Networks ◽

Social Network ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Social Contexts ◽

Higher Order ◽

Social Orientation ◽

Order Structure ◽

Network Learning ◽

Social Traits ◽

The Impact

Learning about complex associations between pieces of information enables individuals to quickly adjust their expectations and develop mental models. Yet, the degree to which humans can learn higher-order information about complex associations is not well understood; nor is it known whether the learning process differs for social and non-social information. Here, we employ a paradigm in which the order of stimulus presentation forms temporal associations between the stimuli, collectively constituting a complex network structure. We examined individual differences in the ability to learn network topology for which stimuli were social versus non-social. Although participants were able to learn both social and non-social networks, their performance in social network learning was uncorrelated with their performance in non-social network learning. Importantly, social traits, including social orientation and perspective-taking, uniquely predicted the learning of social networks but not the learning of non-social networks. Taken together, our results suggest that the process of learning higher-order structure in social networks is independent from the process of learning higher-order structure in non-social networks. Our study design provides a promising approach to identify neurophysiological drivers of social network versus non-social network learning, extending our knowledge about the impact of individual differences on these learning processes. Implications for how people learn and adapt to new social contexts that require integration into a new social network are discussed.

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The Role of Self Esteem in Developing Social Anxiety

Technium Social Sciences Journal ◽

10.47577/tssj.v26i1.5364 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 543-559

Author(s):

Mariana Floricica Calin ◽

Mihaela Luminita Sandu ◽

Miruna Alexandra Chifoi

Keyword(s):

Social Anxiety ◽

Social Situation ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Physical Symptoms ◽

Social Contexts ◽

Self Confidence ◽

The Social ◽

The Subject ◽

The Moment ◽

Excessive Perspiration

Nowadays, anxiety is a growing phenomenon because people come across more and more stressful situations. Therefore, among its different forms of manifestation, there is social anxiety. This type of anxiety generally starts in adolescence, when personality is still shaping up and when teenagers are more and more interested in getting confirmation from others. When he is analyzed by others, a teenager fears failure and being ashamed when things are not the way they should, he fears being judged by others for possible small mistakes and, thus, anxiety appears. In other words, persons with low self-confidence and lacking confidence in their abilities have low self-esteem and can easily develop a form of anxiety. As we have already mentioned, social anxiety is caused by the fear of being criticized by others, by the fear of being improperly evaluated, by the feeling of being ashamed, of being in the presence of unknown persons, etc. All these social contexts are backgrounds for individuals’ unexplainable restlessness that can lead to physical symptoms such as excessive perspiration, trembling, palpitations, blushing etc. Self-esteem is very important here as it is very important how the subject sees himself or herself in the social situation. Thus, if a person feels unable to deal with situations considered difficult and if there is lack of confidence in her/his own abilities, meaning he/she has low self-esteem, it is highly possible that this behaviour lead to the debut of social anxiety. Therapy sessions help reduce and even eliminate this disturbance. There are certain techniques consisting of facing the problems up to the moment where the subject begins feeling comfortable with normal life aspects which used to be considered anxiety episodes.

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Coupled delta-beta wave activity might predict social anxiety in children

10.13056/acamh.10642 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Social Anxiety ◽

Salivary Cortisol ◽

Wave Activity ◽

Frontal Wave ◽

Anxiety Levels ◽

Cortisol Levels ◽

Mcmaster University

Researchers from McMaster University, Canada, have examined whether individual differences in salivary cortisol levels at baseline and parent-reported social anxiety levels are associated with resting, coupled delta–beta frontal wave activity.

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Fear of eyes: triadic relation among social anxiety, trypophobia, and discomfort for eye cluster

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.1942 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. e1942 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Kengo Chaya ◽

Yuting Xue ◽

Yusuke Uto ◽

Qirui Yao ◽

Yuki Yamada

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Social Anxiety ◽

Indirect Effect ◽

Spectral Properties ◽

Anxiety Scale ◽

Mediation Effect ◽

Specific Response ◽

Human Face ◽

Triadic Relation ◽

The Relationship

Imagine you are being gazed at by multiple individuals simultaneously. Is the provoked anxiety a learned social-specific response or related to a pathological disorder known as trypophobia? A previous study revealed that spectral properties of images induced aversive reactions in observers with trypophobia. However, it is not clear whether individual differences such as social anxiety traits are related to the discomfort associated with trypophobic images. To investigate this issue, we conducted two experiments with social anxiety and trypophobia and images of eyes and faces. In Experiment 1, participants completed a social anxiety scale and trypophobia questionnaire before evaluation of the discomfort experienced upon exposure to pictures of eye. The results showed that social anxiety had a significant indirect effect on the discomfort associated with the eye clusters, and that the effect was mediated by trypophobia. Experiment 2 replicated Experiment 1 using images of human face. The results showed that, as in Experiment 1, a significant mediation effect of trypophobia was obtained, although the relationship between social anxiety and the discomfort rating was stronger than in Experiment 1. Our findings suggest that both social anxiety and trypophobia contribute to the induction of discomfort when one is gazed at by many people.

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The Value of Evolutionary Perspectives on Social Relations among Children: A Commentary

International Journal of Behavioral Development ◽

10.1177/016502549601900106 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 75-80

Author(s):

Dennis L. Krebs

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Social Relations ◽

Predictive Power ◽

A Priori ◽

Social Contexts ◽

The Self ◽

Theory Of Evolution ◽

Social Judgement ◽

Competitive Relations ◽

Evolutionary Perspectives

The theory of evolution focuses on the ultimately (i.e. genetically) self-serving nature of co-operative and competitive relations among children. The self-serving goals of co-operative relations are mediated by biases in social judgement largely ignored by developmental psychologists. Individual differences in heritable behavioural styles are viewed as resources of varying value in different social contexts. Limitations in the a-priori predictive power of evolutionary theory are discussed.

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