scholarly journals Now and then: Hand choice is influenced by recent action history

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth F. Valyear ◽  
Aoife M. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Neil M. Dundon
Keyword(s):  
Recent Action

Revisiting Security Council action on terrorism: New threats; (a lot of) new law; same old problems?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
David McKeever
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Counter Terrorism ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
New Type ◽  
Recent Activity ◽  
Legislative Activity ◽  
Recent Action ◽  
Organizing Principles ◽  
Law Making

Abstract The devastating events of 9/11 triggered the adoption of Resolution 1373 (2001) by the UN Security Council, a contentious development which was much debated and was widely seen as presaging a new type of activity by the Security Council – legislating for all UN member states. And yet, in the counter-terrorism sphere at least, the Council’s legislative activity in the years following 9/11 was relatively modest. Both quantitatively and qualitatively, that activity has been far exceeded by the Council’s response to the emergence of ISIL in 2014. This more recent activity is of interest beyond the confines of counter-terrorism, but has received far less scrutiny to date. This article will remedy this gap, revisiting, in light of the recent activity, the relative merits and disadvantages of making counter-terrorism law through Security Council resolutions. It makes two main contentions. The first is that – due to some factors which were anticipated in the early 2000s and many which were not – Security Council resolutions on terrorism constitute a distinctive category of international law-making and pose serious challenges for the application of organizing principles and processes of general international law. The second is that, for these reasons as well as doubts as to the necessity and efficacy of recent action, making counter-terrorism law through Security Council resolutions should be the exception rather than the norm.

Hypnotism in Court

1898 ◽  
Vol 44 (186) ◽  
pp. 569-570
Keyword(s):  
Medical Association ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
British Medical Association ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Recent Action

In the newspaper reports of a recent action for slander it was stated that the British Medical Association had officially recognised hypnotism as a therapeutic agent. The medical man whose evidence led to this incorrect statement has shown that his remarks had been misapprehended by the journalist. It is of some importance to recall the circumstances, to show how the matter really stands. The committee appointed to report upon the subject included well-known names, and after a considerable interval presented their conclusions. They expressed themselves as satisfied of the genuine nature of the hypnotic state, and were of opinion that, as a therapeutic agent, hypnotism was frequently effective in removing pain, procuring sleep, and alleviating many functional ailments. As to its permanent efficacy in the treatment of habitual drunkenness, the evidence before the committee was encouraging, but not conclusive. They specially indicated that care in the employment of hypnotism was necessary, and suggested important limitations.

scholarly journals Estimation of Natural Selection and Allele Age from Time Series Allele Frequency Data Using a Novel Likelihood-Based Approach

Genetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 216 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-480
Author(s):  
Zhangyi He ◽  
Xiaoyang Dai ◽  
Mark Beaumont ◽  
Feng Yu
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Selection Coefficient ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Recent Sample ◽  
Backward Equation ◽  
Recent Action

Temporally spaced genetic data allow for more accurate inference of population genetic parameters and hypothesis testing on the recent action of natural selection. In this work, we develop a novel likelihood-based method for jointly estimating selection coefficient and allele age from time series data of allele frequencies. Our approach is based on a hidden Markov model where the underlying process is a Wright-Fisher diffusion conditioned to survive until the time of the most recent sample. This formulation circumvents the assumption required in existing methods that the allele is created by mutation at a certain low frequency. We calculate the likelihood by numerically solving the resulting Kolmogorov backward equation backward in time while reweighting the solution with the emission probabilities of the observation at each sampling time point. This procedure reduces the two-dimensional numerical search for the maximum of the likelihood surface, for both the selection coefficient and the allele age, to a one-dimensional search over the selection coefficient only. We illustrate through extensive simulations that our method can produce accurate estimates of the selection coefficient and the allele age under both constant and nonconstant demographic histories. We apply our approach to reanalyze ancient DNA data associated with horse base coat colors. We find that ignoring demographic histories or grouping raw samples can significantly bias the inference results.

scholarly journals THE LUNACY LAW AMENDMENT ACT AND THE RECENT ACTION AT GUILDFORD.

The Lancet ◽  
1891 ◽  
Vol 138 (3551) ◽  
pp. 685
Author(s):  
Alfred Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Recent Action

Cans and Counterfactuals

1979 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-496
Author(s):  
Douglas N. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Action Theory ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Apparent Inconsistency ◽  
The One ◽  
Recent Action ◽  
Richard Taylor ◽  
The City ◽  
Do So

In a critical study of some recent action theory Professor James Tomberlin [7] makes some insightful and suggestive remarks concerning the by now well known problem of "Smith and the airplane" formulated by Keith Lehrer and Richard Taylor [3]. While these remarks do significantly advance our knowledge of the nature of the problem, I would like to try to show why the strategy they indicate does not lead to a solution that represents any improvement on the one developed in [1], [8] and [2].The problem of Smith and the airplane is posed by the following apparent inconsistency. Suppose it is now shortly before 3:30 and Smith is at a country airport. The 3:30 plane is the only possible means whereby Smith can arrive at the city at 4:00. There is nothing to prevent Smith from leaving on the 3:30 plane, but he in fact does not do so: Then each of the following statements are true.

scholarly journals Bringing The Poster Presentation Model into Classroom

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ima Widyastuti (Scopus ID 57210281451)
Keyword(s):  
Poster Presentation ◽  
Present Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Classroom Observations ◽  
Individual Interview ◽  
Classroom Activities ◽  
English Competence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Recent Action

Making students to speak English in a large classroom becomes a big challenge for teachers. On one hand, there is no enough time for all students speak equally. On the other hand, most students are lack of confidence and English competence. As a result, the students tend to be reluctant toward the speaking activities. There have been many research under the speaking classroom activities, however, modeling professional activity into classrooms has been rare. The recent action research on a Poster Presentation model aims to make students participate in the classroom activities actively by considering their characteristics. From the individual interview and classroom observations of the 17 passive students enrolled on the four Speaking for Academic Purposes classrooms at Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa University, Indonesia, the researchers found that the Poster Presentation model with two rules applied, i.e. no talk no grade and interrelated questions motivated the students’ participation in the speaking classroom activities. However, the Poster Presentation model did not work on those who have never experienced in natural speaking practices before. Thus, managing the classroom using the present model brings double facets among students.

scholarly journals Maximum likelihood estimation of natural selection and allele age from time series data of allele frequencies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhangyi He ◽  
Xiaoyang Dai ◽  
Mark Beaumont ◽  
Feng Yu
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Selection Coefficient ◽  
Backward Equation ◽  
Recent Action

AbstractTemporally spaced genetic data allow for more accurate inference of population genetic parameters and hypothesis testing on the recent action of natural selection. In this work, we develop a novel likelihood-based method for jointly estimating selection coefficient and allele age from time series data of allele frequencies. Our approach is based on a hidden Markov model where the underlying process is a Wright-Fisher diffusion conditioned to survive until the time of the most recent sample. This formulation circumvents the assumption required in existing methods that the allele is created by mutation at a certain low frequency. We calculate the likelihood by numerically solving the resulting Kolmogorov backward equation backwards in time while re-weighting the solution with the emission probabilities of the observation at each sampling time point. This procedure reduces the two-dimensional numerical search for the maximum of the likelihood surface for both the selection coefficient and the allele age to a one-dimensional search over the selection coefficient only. We illustrate through extensive simulations that our method can produce accurate estimates of the selection coefficient and the allele age under both constant and non-constant demographic histories. We apply our approach to re-analyse ancient DNA data associated with horse base coat colours. We find that ignoring demographic histories or grouping raw samples can significantly bias the inference results.

Some observations in a recent action

1918 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-206
Author(s):  
K.A.I. Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Recent Action

SULFONAMIDE COMBINATIONS: RECENT FDA ACTION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-473
Author(s):  
Charles F. Weiss ◽  
Sumner J. Yaffe ◽  
Howard M. Cann ◽  
Arnold P. Gold ◽  
Frederic M. Kenny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
American Academy ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Committee Meeting ◽  
Small Children ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Federal Food ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Recent Action

The Committee on Drugs of the American Academy of Pediatrics has transmitted the following letter to the Federal Food and Drug Administration on the recent action by that agency regarding the use of sulfonamide combinations in pediatrics. Your letter of September 12, 1969, regarding the role of systemic sulfonamides in the treatment of infections, has resulted in many comments being directed to the committee on Drugs of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Consequently, this matter was discussed during the Committee meeting held on October 20 and 21, 1969, in chicago. After careful and extensive review, the Committee wishes to express the following comments. Sulfonamides have been shown to be of value in the treatment of certain infectious diseases in children, including acute otitis media, and penicillin and sulfonamides are generally recognized in combination as effective therapy in this common disorder. In young children where a high incidence of infection due to H. influenzae has been demonstrated, the usefulness of this combination is confirmed by the widespread clinical experience of Academy members, as well as by certain published controlled clinical studies. While meningitis due to H. influenzae is included as an approved indication for sulfonamide therapy (reference your letter, Item 9), the Committee on Drugs regards the omission of otitis media as a serious error. As you know, otitis due to H. influenzae is often a precursor of meningitis in small children. Both of these infections are indications for the adjunctive use of sulfonamides, and to restrict its use to one is illogical and contrary to good medical practice.

Action-Oriented Research in Education

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-63
Author(s):  
Khosrow Bagheri Noaparast ◽  
Mohammad Zoheir Bagheri Noaparast
Keyword(s):  
Educational Research ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Means And Ends ◽  
Research In Education ◽  
The One ◽  
Recent Action ◽  
Islamic View ◽  
Oriented Research

Comparative studies among cultures, particularly Western and Eastern ones, are vital and necessary. In this essay, we are presenting a comparison between Western and Islamic views. The focus of this study is on action-oriented educational research based on Charles Clark’s view as a more recent action-oriented view on educational research. The comparison between Clark’s view and the one we suggest that is inspired by the Islamic view of human action and shows that there are considerable commonalities between the two views as both of them avoid the mechanistic orientation and take human action into account. There are also differences between the two views regarding the distinction between fact and value, as well as the relation between means and ends in research.

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