scholarly journals Speech as an indicator for psychosocial stress: A network analytic approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchel Kappen ◽  
Kristof Hoorelbeke ◽  
Nilesh Madhu ◽  
Kris Demuynck ◽  
Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Segment Length ◽  
Stress Induction ◽  
Induction Experiment ◽  
First Time ◽  
Post Stress ◽  
A Current

AbstractRecently, the possibilities of detecting psychosocial stress from speech have been discussed. Yet, there are mixed effects and a current lack of clarity in relations and directions for parameters derived from stressed speech. The aim of the current study is – in a controlled psychosocial stress induction experiment – to apply network modeling to (1) look into the unique associations between specific speech parameters, comparing speech networks containing fundamental frequency (F0), jitter, mean voiced segment length, and Harmonics-to-Noise Ratio (HNR) pre- and post-stress induction, and (2) examine how changes pre- versus post-stress induction (i.e., change network) in each of the parameters are related to changes in self-reported negative affect. Results show that the network of speech parameters is similar after versus before the stress induction, with a central role of HNR, which shows that the complex interplay and unique associations between each of the used speech parameters is not impacted by psychosocial stress (aim 1). Moreover, we found a change network (consisting of pre-post stress difference values) with changes in jitter being positively related to changes in self-reported negative affect (aim 2). These findings illustrate – for the first time in a well-controlled but ecologically valid setting – the complex relations between different speech parameters in the context of psychosocial stress. Longitudinal and experimental studies are required to further investigate these relationships and to test whether the identified paths in the networks are indicative of causal relationships.

scholarly journals Role of Tumor Associated Fibroblasts in Human Liver Regeneration, Cirrhosis, and Cancer

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Cesselli ◽  
Antonio Paolo Beltrami ◽  
Alessandra Poz ◽  
Stefania Marzinotto ◽  
Elisa Comisso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Tumor Cell Lines ◽  
Liver Scan ◽  
First Time

Tumor associated fibroblasts (TAFs) are considered a microenvironmental element critical for tumor growth and progression. Experimental studies suggest that their origin could be from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from the bone marrow. However, the role played by TAFs in cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma development, and progression is largely unknown, andin vitrohuman models are missing. This paper for the first time demonstrates that (1) human neoplastic livers possess a population of multipotent adult stem cells (MASCs) with properties of TAFs; (2) a population of MASC-derived TAFs is already present in cirrhotic, not yet neoplastic, livers; (3) MASCs isolated from nonneoplastic and noncirrhotic liver scan acquire a TAF phenotype when grown in a medium conditioned by tumor cell lines, supporting the notion that TAF could originate from resident primitive cells (MASCs), possibly through a paracrine mechanism.

Abstract WP308: Role of Microthrombi and Vasospasm in the Development of Delayed Neurological Deficits After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin W McBride ◽  
Ari Dienel ◽  
Remya A Veettil ◽  
Kanako Matsumura ◽  
Peeyush Kumar T. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Delayed Neurological Deterioration ◽  
First Time

Rationale: Microthrombosis has been suggested as a major factor contributing to delayed neurological deterioration in patients after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, experimental studies on the role of microthrombi in delayed deficits after SAH has not been investigated. Our hypothesis is that, following SAH, mice which develop delayed neurological deficits have a greater number of microthrombi than mice which do not develop delayed neurological deficits. Methods: SAH was induced in adult male and female C57BL/6 mice via endovascular perforation. Mice were randomly assigned into sham (n=6/sex) or SAH groups (n=22-24/sex). Neurobehavior was performed on days 1-3, 5, and 7 post-SAH using a composite neuroscore. Animals were sacrificed on the day of delayed deficits or 7 days post-SAH. Microthrombi count and vessel diameters (for vasospasm) were measured using H&E stained brain slices. All outcomes were performed and all data were analyzed by a blinded investigator. Results: Seventeen percent (4/24) of male mice and thirty-six percent (8/22) of female mice developed delayed deficits on days 3-5 post-SAH (Figures 1A and 1B). Those mice which developed delayed deficits had significantly more microthrombi in their brains than mice which did not develop delayed deficits; vasospasm did not correlate with delayed deficits. Additionally, female SAH mice develop delayed deficits at a higher frequency than males (Figure 1C). Conclusions: This work shows for the first time delayed deficits in a SAH mouse model. Further, microthrombi correlated with delayed deficits, whereas no correlation was between delayed deficits and vasospasm. The data within this study suggests that preventing microthrombi may improve functional recovery and reduce the risk of delayed deficits.

scholarly journals Predictors of literacy in adulthood: Evidence from 33 countries

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0243763
Author(s):  
Aki-Juhani Kyröläinen ◽  
Victor Kuperman
Keyword(s):  
Parental Influence ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Time Estimates ◽  
Literacy Performance ◽  
Literacy Scores ◽  
Gains And Losses ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Evidence

What makes a literate person? What leads to literacy gains and losses within and between individuals and countries? This paper provides new evidence that helps answer these questions. The present comparative analysis of literacy is based on large representative samples from the Survey of Adult Skills conducted in 33 countries, with 25–65 year old participants. We provide, for the first time, estimates of relative importance for a comprehensive set of experiential factors, motivations, incentives, parental influence, demands of workplace, and other predictors of influence. We sketch a configuration of factors that predicts an “ideal” reader, i.e., the optimal literacy performance. Moreover, we discover a pivotal role of the age effect in predicting variability between countries. Countries with the highest literacy scores are the ones where literacy decreases with age the most strongly. We discuss this finding against current accounts of aging effects, cohort effects and others. Finally, we provide methodological recommendations for experimental studies of aging in cognitive tasks like reading.

scholarly journals CXCR2 in Acute Lung Injury

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Konrad ◽  
J. Reutershan
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Chemokine Receptors ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Pharmacologic Agent ◽  
First Time ◽  
Cxcr2 Antagonist

In pulmonary inflammation, recruitment of circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes is essential for host defense and initiates the following specific immune response. One pathological hallmark of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome is the uncontrolled transmigration of neutrophils into the lung interstitium and alveolar space. Thereby, the extravasation of leukocytes from the vascular system into the tissue is induced by chemokines that are released from the site of inflammation. The most relevant chemokine receptors of neutrophils are CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR) 1 and CXCR2. CXCR2 is of particular interest since several studies implicate a pivotal role of this receptor in development and promotion of numerous inflammatory disorders. CXCR2 gets activated by ELR+chemokines, including MIP-2, KC (rodents) and IL-8 (human). Since multiple ELR+CXC chemokines act on both receptors—CXCR1 and CXCR2—a pharmacologic agent blocking both receptors seems to be advantageous. So far, several CXCR1/2 antagonists have been developed and have been tested successfully in experimental studies. A newly designed CXCR1 and CXCR2 antagonist can be orally administered and was for the first time found efficient in humans. This review highlights the role of CXCR2 in acute lung injury and discusses its potential as a therapeutic target.

scholarly journals CBD Effects on Motor Profile and Neurobiological Indices Related to Glutamatergic Function Induced by Repeated Ketamine Pre-Administration

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nafsika Poulia ◽  
Foteini Delis ◽  
Charalampos Brakatselos ◽  
George Ntoulas ◽  
Michail-Zois Asprogerakas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ampa Receptors ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
First Time

Clinical evidence and experimental studies have shown the psychotomimetic properties induced by ketamine. Moreover, acute or chronic ketamine (KET) administration has been widely used for modeling schizophrenia-like symptomatology and pathophysiology. Several studies have reported the antipsychotic potential of cannabidiol (CBD), while there is limited information on the cannabidiol effect on KET-induced schizophrenia-like impairments. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to evaluate neuroplastic changes induced by repeated KET administration, which is used as an experimental model of schizophrenia—with a behavioral focus on positive-like symptomatology– and to assess the modulatory role of CBD treatment. The present findings have shown a robust increase in motor activity in KET-treated rats, following a 10-day period of chronic administration at the sub-anesthetic dose of 30 mg/kg (i.p), that was reversed to normal by subsequent chronic CBD treatment. Concerning the expression of glutamate receptors, the current findings have shown region-dependent KET-induced constitutional alterations in NMDA and AMPA receptors that were modified by subsequent CBD treatment. Additionally, repeated KET administration increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation state in all regions examined, apart from the ventral hippocampus that was modulated by subsequent CBD treatment. The present results show, for the first time, a stimulated motor output coupled with a specific glutamatergic-related status and ERK1/2 activation following chronic KET administration that were attenuated by CBD treatment, in a region-dependent manner. These findings provide novel information concerning the antipsychotic potential of CBD using a specific design of chronic KET administration, thus contributing to experimental approaches that mirror the symptomatology and pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

Psychological Resilience Provides No Independent Protection From Suicidal Risk

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danica W. Y. Liu ◽  
A. Kate Fairweather-Schmidt ◽  
Richard Burns ◽  
Rachel M. Roberts ◽  
Kaarin J. Anstey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Project ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
First Time

Abstract. Background: Little is known about the role of resilience in the likelihood of suicidal ideation (SI) over time. Aims: We examined the association between resilience and SI in a young-adult cohort over 4 years. Our objectives were to determine whether resilience was associated with SI at follow-up or, conversely, whether SI was associated with lowered resilience at follow-up. Method: Participants were selected from the Personality and Total Health (PATH) Through Life Project from Canberra and Queanbeyan, Australia, aged 28–32 years at the first time point and 32–36 at the second. Multinomial, linear, and binary regression analyses explored the association between resilience and SI over two time points. Models were adjusted for suicidality risk factors. Results: While unadjusted analyses identified associations between resilience and SI, these effects were fully explained by the inclusion of other suicidality risk factors. Conclusion: Despite strong cross-sectional associations, resilience and SI appear to be unrelated in a longitudinal context, once risk/resilience factors are controlled for. As independent indicators of psychological well-being, suicidality and resilience are essential if current status is to be captured. However, the addition of other factors (e.g., support, mastery) makes this association tenuous. Consequently, resilience per se may not be protective of SI.

Trajectories of positive and negative affect across the transition to college: The role of daily interactions with parents and friends.

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 2181-2192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam A. Rogers ◽  
Kimberly A. Updegraff ◽  
Masumi Iida ◽  
Thomas J. Dishion ◽  
Leah D. Doane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Transition To College ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Daily Interactions

PERSPECTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF WORLD PRODUCTION OF FEEDS FOR AQUACULTURE: ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF RAW MATERIALS

2017 ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Lina Yurievna Lagutkina
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
The World ◽  
Market Trends ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
World Industry ◽  
First Time ◽  
A Current

The author of the article discloses the prospects of development of the world feed production for aquaculture based on the analysis of key innovative technological and market trends. The author specifies that shortage, high cost, low ecological compatibility of traditional raw materials - fish flour - are among major limiting factors in the development of production of feeds for aquaculture. This fact, in turn, limits sustainable development of aquaculture both in Russia, and in the world in general. The article presents the overview of a current status of the world industry of feed production in aquaculture, where the regional situation is studied, as well. For the first time, there is given the outlook of innovative technologies in feed production based on the alternative sources of protein (on the example of projects of leading aquabiotechnological companies) which will determine industry’s objectives for the mid-term perspective.

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