scholarly journals The impact of molecular tumor profiling on the design strategies for targeting myeloid leukemia and EGFR/CD44-positive solid tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 375-401
Author(s):  
Nikola Geskovski ◽  
Nadica Matevska-Geshkovska ◽  
Simona Dimchevska Sazdovska ◽  
Marija Glavas Dodov ◽  
Kristina Mladenovska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Molecular Signatures ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Diagnostic Modality ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Detection And Diagnosis ◽  
The Impact

Nanomedicine has emerged as a novel cancer treatment and diagnostic modality, whose design constantly evolves towards increasing the safety and efficacy of the chemotherapeutic and diagnostic protocols. Molecular diagnostics, which create a great amount of data related to the unique molecular signatures of each tumor subtype, have emerged as an important tool for detailed profiling of tumors. They provide an opportunity to develop targeting agents for early detection and diagnosis, and to select the most effective combinatorial treatment options. Alongside, the design of the nanoscale carriers needs to cope with novel trends of molecular screening. Also, multiple targeting ligands needed for robust and specific interactions with the targeted cell populations have to be introduced, which should result in substantial improvements in safety and efficacy of the cancer treatment. This article will focus on novel design strategies for nanoscale drug delivery systems, based on the unique molecular signatures of myeloid leukemia and EGFR/CD44-positive solid tumors, and the impact of novel discoveries in molecular tumor profiles on future chemotherapeutic protocols.

Kids Are Moving: A Physical Activity Program for Children With Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 379-389
Author(s):  
Mary C. Hooke ◽  
Amy Hoelscher ◽  
Lynn R. Tanner ◽  
Mary Langevin ◽  
Ulf G. Bronas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Nurse Practitioners ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Oncology Nurse ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Clinic Visits

Children undergoing cancer treatment are less active than healthy peers. Inactivity persists into survivorship, negatively influencing health and quality of life. Fatigue is one of the most prevalent symptoms during treatment yet children with increased physical activity (PA) have less fatigue. This pilot study evaluated the impact of coaching on PA and fatigue in children undergoing cancer treatment delivered by pediatric oncology nurse practitioners (NPs) during routine clinic visits. NPs used motivational interviewing during clinic visits to coach children and their families on strategies to increase PA at home. Self-report measures of PA and fatigue were completed at treatment months 2, 4, and 6. PA was also measured using actigraphy. Among 30 children ages 6 to 18 years, 7 had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 11 had lymphoma, and 12 had solid tumors. Patterns of fatigue were different by disease group with trends to fatigue decreasing during treatment in the patients with ALL ( p = .09) and lymphoma ( p = .13) but increasing in those with solid tumors ( p = .06). Self-report PA was unchanged. Actigraph measurements remained stable for the group. NPs reported time challenges in implementing coaching during the clinic visit and in providing coaching continuity. The intensive, repeating chemotherapy cycles in solid tumor treatment may contribute to increasing fatigue. Treatment intensity decreases during ALL and lymphoma treatment, which may allow for improvement in fatigue. Inactivity persisted during treatment but did not progress. Future research is needed to evaluate more “dose-intensive” PA interventions in larger samples of specific disease groups.

Exploring the impact of providing men with information about potential prostate cancer treatment options prior to receiving biopsy results

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-514
Author(s):  
Brindha Pillay ◽  
Daniel Moon ◽  
Denny Meyer ◽  
Helen Crowe ◽  
Sarah Mann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Prostate Cancer Treatment ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Cancer, Fertility Preservation, and Future Pregnancy: A Comprehensive Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle L. Matthews ◽  
Bradley S. Hurst ◽  
Paul B. Marshburn ◽  
Rebecca S. Usadi ◽  
Margaret A. Papadakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Fertility Preservation ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Recurrence Risk ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Future Pregnancy ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
The Impact

Given the increases in 5-year cancer survival and recent advances in fertility preserving technologies, an increasing number of women with cancer are presenting for discussion of fertility preserving options. This review will summarize the risk of infertility secondary to cancer treatment, available treatment options for fertility preservation, and techniques to reduce future risks for patients. Concerns that will be addressed include the risk of the medications and procedures, the potential delay in cancer treatment, likelihood of pregnancy complications, as well as the impact of future pregnancy on the recurrence risk of cancer. Recent advances in oocyte cryopreservation and ovarian stimulation protocols will be discussed. Healthcare providers need to be informed of available treatment options including the risks, advantages, and disadvantages of fertility preserving options to properly counsel patients.

The impact of the host intestinal microbiome on carcinogenesis and the response to chemotherapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime N Wertman ◽  
Katherine A Dunn ◽  
Ketan Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Treatment Target ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Response To Chemotherapy ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Impact

The microbiome consists of all microbes present on and within the human body. An unbalanced, or ‘dysbiotic’ intestinal microbiome is associated with inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes and some cancer types. Drug treatment can alter the intestinal microbiome composition. Additionally, some chemotherapeutics interact with microbiome components, leading to changes in drug safety and/or efficacy. The intestinal microbiome is a modifiable target, using strategies such as antibiotic treatment, fecal microbial transplantation or probiotic administration. Understanding the impact of the microbiome on the safety and efficacy of cancer treatment may result in improved treatment outcome. The present review seeks to summarize relevant research and look to the future of cancer treatment, where the intestinal microbiome is recognized as an actionable treatment target.

Evaluating the Impact of the Addition of Cladribine to Standard Acute Myeloid Leukemia Induction Therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan D. Seligson ◽  
Athena L. V. Hobbs ◽  
Joanna M. Leonard ◽  
Elizabeth L. Mills ◽  
Amy G. Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Adverse Event ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Induction Therapy ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Event Rates ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Background: Treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has remained relatively unchanged over the past few decades. Although recent drug approvals have provided an increase in the number of treatment options in AML, further optimization of standard induction therapy is still necessary. The most commonly utilized induction options have been well studied, but there is a paucity of literature comparing the combination of idarubicin with cytarabine and cladribine. Objective: To assess the clinical effectiveness of the addition of cladribine to idarubicin and cytarabine (7+3 IA) induction therapy in the treatment of AML. Methods: This retrospective, propensity score–matched cohort study evaluated 37 patients with previously untreated AML who received either 7+3 IA or idarubicin, cytarabine, and cladribine (7+3+5 IAC) as induction therapy. The primary end point of this study was complete response (CR), with secondary end points including hospital length of stay (LOS), and adverse event rates. Results: After propensity score matching, odds of reaching CR in the 7+3+5 IAC cohort were increased by 33% (95% CI = 1.09-1.55; P < 0.01) compared with the 7+3 IA cohort. Patients who received cladribine were also found to have a reduction in hospital LOS by 3.5 days (95% CI = 0.07-6.85; P = 0.045) without an increase in adverse event rates. Conclusion: The addition of cladribine to the 7+3 IA regimen may improve clinical outcomes when used as initial induction therapy, without increasing the incidence of adverse event rates.

Surgery for Lung Cancer and the Consequences for the Swallow

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Pippa Hales ◽  
Corinne Mossey-Gaston
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Vocal Cord Palsy ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Physiological Reserve ◽  
Palliative Phase ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Swallow Function

Lung cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers across Northern America and Europe. Treatment options offered are dependent on the type of cancer, the location of the tumor, the staging, and the overall health of the person. When surgery for lung cancer is offered, difficulty swallowing is a potential complication that can have several influencing factors. Surgical interaction with the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) can lead to unilateral vocal cord palsy, altering swallow function and safety. Understanding whether the RLN has been preserved, damaged, or sacrificed is integral to understanding the effect on the swallow and the subsequent treatment options available. There is also the risk of post-surgical reduction of physiological reserve, which can reduce the strength and function of the swallow in addition to any surgery specific complications. As lung cancer has a limited prognosis, the clinician must also factor in the palliative phase, as this can further increase the burden of an already compromised swallow. By understanding the surgery and the implications this may have for the swallow, there is the potential to reduce the impact of post-surgical complications and so improve quality of life (QOL) for people with lung cancer.

The impact of a physician’s recommendation and gender on informed decision making: A randomized controlled study in a simulated decision situation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Eggeling ◽  
Anna Meinhardt ◽  
Ulrike Cress ◽  
Joachim Kimmerle ◽  
Martina Bientzle
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
General Information ◽  
Treatment Preference ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Treatment Preferences ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Objective: This study examined the influence of physicians’ recommendations and gender on the decision-making process in a preference-sensitive situation. Methods: N = 201 participants were put in a hypothetical scenario in which they suffered from a rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). They received general information on two equally successful treatment options for this injury (surgery vs. physiotherapy) and answered questions regarding their treatment preference, certainty and satisfaction regarding their decision, and attitude toward the treatment options. Then participants watched a video that differed regarding physician’s recommendation (surgery vs. physiotherapy) and physician’s gender (female vs. male voice and picture). Afterward, they indicated again their treatment preference, certainty, satisfaction, and attitude, as well as the physician’s professional and social competence.Results: Participants changed their treatment preferences in the direction of the physician’s recommendation (P&lt;.001). Decision certainty (P&lt;.001) and satisfaction (P&lt;.001) increased more strongly if the physician’s recommendation was congruent with the participant’s prior attitude than if the recommendation was contrary to the participant’s prior attitude. Finally, participants’ attitudes toward the recommended treatment became more positive (surgery recommendation: P&lt;.001; physiotherapy recommendation: P&lt;.001). We found no influence of the physician’s gender on participants’ decisions, attitudes, or competence assessments.Conclusion: This research indicates that physicians should be careful with recommendations when aiming for shared decisions, as they might influence patients even if the patients have been made aware that they should take their personal preferences into account. This could be particularly problematic if the recommendation is not in line with the patient’s preferences.

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