scholarly journals Evaluation of dispersion type metal···π arene interaction in arylbismuth compounds – an experimental and theoretical study

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 2125-2145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana-Maria Preda ◽  
Małgorzata Krasowska ◽  
Lydia Wrobel ◽  
Philipp Kitschke ◽  
Phil C Andrews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Van Der Waals Interactions ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Bismuth Atom ◽  
Dispersion Energy ◽  
Space Group ◽  
Intermolecular Contacts ◽  
London Dispersion

The dispersion type Bi···π arene interaction is one of the important structural features in the assembly process of arylbismuth compounds. Several triarylbismuth compounds and polymorphs are discussed and compared based on the analysis of single crystal X-ray diffraction data and computational studies. First, the crystal structures of polymorphs of Ph3Bi (1) are described emphasizing on the description of London dispersion type bismuth···π arene interactions and other van der Waals interactions in the solid state and the effect of it on polymorphism. For comparison we have chosen the substituted arylbismuth compounds (C6H4-CH═CH2-4)3Bi (2), (C6H4-OMe-4)3Bi (3), (C6H3-t-Bu2-3,5)3Bi (4) and (C6H3-t-Bu2-3,5)2BiCl (5). The structural analyses revealed that only two of them show London dispersion type bismuth···π arene interactions. One of them is the styryl derivative 2, for which two polymorphs were isolated. Polymorph 2a crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121, while polymorph 2b exhibits the monoclinic space group P21/c. The general structure of 2a is similar to the monoclinic C2/c modification of Ph3Bi (1a), which leads to the formation of zig-zag Bi–arenecentroid ribbons formed as a result of bismuth···π arene interactions and π···π intermolecular contacts. In the crystal structures of the polymorph 2b as well as for 4 bismuth···π arene interactions are not observed, but both compounds revealed C–HPh···π intermolecular contacts, as likewise observed in all of the three described polymorphs of Ph3Bi. For compound 3 intermolecular contacts as a result of coordination of the methoxy group to neighboring bismuth atoms are observed overruling Bi···π arene contacts. Compound 5 shows a combination of donor acceptor Bi···Cl and Bi···π arene interactions, resulting in an intermolecular pincer-type coordination at the bismuth atom. A detailed analysis of three polymorphs of Ph3Bi (1), which were chosen as model systems, at the DFT-D level of theory supported by DLPNO-CCSD(T) calculations reveals how van der Waals interactions between different structural features balance in order to stabilize molecular arrangements present in the crystal structure. Furthermore, the computational results allow to group this class of compounds into the range of heavy main group element compounds which have been characterized as dispersion energy donors in previous work.

Crystal Structures of Two New Cyclosporin Clathrates

2000 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 1950-1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Hušák ◽  
Bohumil Kratochvíl ◽  
Ivana Císařová ◽  
Alexandr Jegorov
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Methyl Ether ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Van Der Waals Interactions ◽  
Solvent Molecules ◽  
Butyl Methyl Ether

Two isomorphous clathrates formed by dihydrocyclosporin A or cyclosporin V with tert-butyl methyl ether are reported and compared with the structures of related P21-symmetry cyclosporin clathrates. The cyclosporin molecules in both structures are associated via van der Waals interactions forming cavities occupied by solvent molecules (cyclosporin : tert-butyl methyl ether is 1 : 2).

scholarly journals Crystal structure and halogen–hydrogen bonding of a Delépine reaction intermediate

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
David Z. T. Mulrooney ◽  
Helge Müller-Bunz ◽  
Tony D. Keene
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Surface Analysis ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Hirshfeld Surface ◽  
Van Der Waals Interactions ◽  
Hirshfeld Surface Analysis ◽  
Space Group ◽  
Molecular Salt

The reaction of 1,5-dibromopentane with urotropine results in crystals of the title molecular salt, 5-bromourotropinium bromide [systematic name: 1-(5-bromopentyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane bromide], C11H22BrN4 +·Br− (1), crystallizing in space group P21/n. The packing in compound 1 is directed mainly by H...H van der Waals interactions and C—H...Br hydrogen bonds, as revealed by Hirshfeld surface analysis. Comparison with literature examples of alkylurotropinium halides shows that the interactions in 1 are consistent with those in other bromides and simple chloride and iodide species.

scholarly journals Crystal structures of [(N,N-dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocene and (R p,R p)-bis{2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocenyl}dimethylsilane

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 1437-1441
Author(s):  
Anna Krupp ◽  
Jessica Wegge ◽  
Felix Otte ◽  
Johannes Kleinheider ◽  
Helene Wall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Surface Analysis ◽  
Intermolecular Interactions ◽  
Title Compound ◽  
Substitution Reaction ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Hirshfeld Surface ◽  
Van Der Waals Interactions ◽  
Hirshfeld Surface Analysis ◽  
Lithium Compound

The title compound [(N,N-dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocene, [Fe(C5H5)(C8H12N)], (1), is an interesting starting material for the synthesis of planar chiral 1,2-disubstituted ferrocenes, as demonstrated by the preparation of (R p,R p)-bis{2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]ferrocenyl}dimethylsilane, [Fe2(C5H5)2(C18H18N2Si)], (2), from the lithiated derivative of 1. The configuration of the lithium compound is unchanged after the substitution reaction and the chirality is preserved in space group P212121. In both compounds, the Cp rings adopt eclipsed conformations. Hirshfeld surface analysis was used to investigate the intermolecular interactions, and showed that H...H (van der Waals) interactions dominate in both structures with contact percentages of 83.9 and 88.4% for 1 and 2, respectively.

scholarly journals 1,1′-(Diphosphene-1,2-diyl)bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine)

IUCrData ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Höhne ◽  
Anke Spannenberg ◽  
Bernd H. Müller ◽  
Uwe Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Title Compound ◽  
Crystal Packing ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Van Der Waals Interactions ◽  
Asymmetric Unit ◽  
Triclinic Space Group ◽  
Space Group ◽  
Compound C ◽  
Independent Molecules

The title compound, C18H36N2P2, crystallizes in the triclinic space groupP-1 with two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. Both molecules adopt atransconfiguration of the tetramethylpiperidine units along the P=P axis. The crystal packing is stabilized only by van der Waals interactions.

Molekül-und Kristallstrukturen des Dibrom- und Dijodmaleinsäurethioanhydrids Zum Verständnis der Korrelation zwischen / Crystal Structures of Dibrom- and Diiod Maleic Acid Thioanhydride

1980 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Gonschorek
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Maleic Acid ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Van Der Waals Forces ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lattice Constants ◽  
Molecular And Crystal Structures

Abstract The molecular and crystal structures of dibrom maleic acid thioanhydride and diiod maleic acid thioanhydride have been determined by means of single-crystal X-ray intensities. The crystal structures are isomorphous and have the space group P41212 (enantiomorphous with P43212). The lattice constants are a = 7.543 Å, c = 12.155 Å (DBMTA) and a = 7.816 Å, c = 12.348 Å (DIMTA). The five-membered rings of the molecules are planar with maximum deviations of 0.003 Å (DBMTA) and 0.005 Å (DIMTA). Adjacent molecules are held together by van-der-Waals-forces.

Insights into the van der Waals Radius of Low-Spin Ni(ii) fromMolecular Mechanics Studies and the Crystal Structures of [Ni(cis-cyclohexane-1,3-diamine)2]Cl2, [Ni{(R)-5,5,7-trimethyl-1,4-diazacycloheptane}2]Cl2·H2O and [Ni(5,7-dimethyl-1,4-diazacycloheptane)2](ClO4)2. Synthesis of 5,7-Dimethyl-1,4-diazacycloheptane and an Improved Synthesis of cis-Cyclohexane-1,3-diamine

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 523 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Munk ◽  
S. T. Cham ◽  
R. R. Fenton ◽  
R. K. Hocking ◽  
T. W. Hambley
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Molecular Mechanics ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Monoclinic Space Group ◽  
Orthorhombic Space Group ◽  
Space Group ◽  
R Value ◽  
Shed Light

The structures of three bis(diamine)nickel(II) complexes, chosen to shed light on the van der Waals radius of nickel(II), are described. [Ni(cis-1,3-chxn)2]Cl2 (cis-1,3-chxn = cis-cyclohexane-1,3-diamine) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n, with a 6.397(2), b 16.463(4), c 7.229(2) Å, b 90.70(2)�, and its structure has been refined to an R value of 0.031 on 1214F. [Ni{(R)-tmdz}2]Cl2�H2O (tmdz = 5,5,7-trimethyl-1,4-diazacycloheptane) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121, with a 10.678(1), b 11.073(5), c 17.968(6) Å, and its structure has been refined to an R value of 0.031 on 1586F. [Ni(dmdz)2](ClO4)2 (dmdz = 5,7-dimethyl-1,4-diaza- cycloheptane) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n, with a 9.582(1), b 10.390(2), c 11.817(3) Å, β 96.19(2)�, and its structure has been refined to an R value of 0.059 on 817F. In all three structures, short Ni���H and Ni���C interactions, ranging from 2.37 to 2.61 Å and 2.99 to 3.03 Å, respectively, are observed. Using molecular mechanics modelling to reproduce these separations, we have arrived at a van der Waals radius of 1.35 Å for low-spin nickel(ii). Analysis of Ni���O contacts in the solid state leads to a van der Waals radius of about 1.26 Å, which is consistent with the molecular mechanics derived value since these are usually longer.

STEREOCHEMISTRY OF ARSENIC: PART VI. TRI-p-TOLYLARSINE

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Trotter
Keyword(s):  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Lone Pair ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Van Der Waals Interactions ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Cell Axis ◽  
Bond Lengths ◽  
Cell Dimensions ◽  
Intermolecular Contacts ◽  
The Ideal

Crystals of tri-p-tolylarsine are rhombohedral, with cell dimensions a = 9.84 Å, α = 80° 2′, and space group [Formula: see text]. There are two molecules in the unit cell, and hence the molecule has symmetry C3. The structure has been determined from a projection along the rhombohedral cell axis, and the bond lengths and valency angles are given. In comparison with an ideal model having maximum interaction between the arsenic lone pair and the aromatic π-electrons, each ring is rotated about its As—C bond by 36°, the three rotations being in the same sense. These displacements increase overcrowded distances in the ideal model to about the normal van der Waals separations, the closest intramolecular contacts between p-tolyl groups being [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. All the intermolecular contacts correspond to van der Waals interactions.

Comparison of the structural motifs and packing arrangements of six novel derivatives and one polymorph of 2-(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinaan M. Tawfiq ◽  
Gary J. Miller ◽  
Mohamad J. Al-Jeboori ◽  
Paul S. Fennell ◽  
Simon J. Coles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Intermolecular Contact ◽  
Contact Patterns ◽  
Intermolecular Contacts ◽  
Packing Efficiency ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Carboxylic Acid Derivative

The crystal structures of a new polymorph and seven new derivatives of 2-(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine have been characterized and examined along with three structures from the literature to identify trends in their intermolecular contact patterns and packing arrangements in order to develop an insight into the crystallization behaviour of this class of compound. Seven unique C—H...Xcontacts were identified in the structures and three of these are present in four or more structures, indicating that these are reliable supramolecular synthons. Analysis of the packing arrangements of the molecules usingXPacidentified two closely related supramolecular constructs that are present in eight of the 11 structures; in all cases, the structures feature at least one of the three most common intermolecular contacts, suggesting a clear relationship between the intermolecular contacts and the packing arrangements of the structures. Both the intermolecular contacts and packing arrangements appear to be remarkably consistent between structures featuring different functional groups, with the expected exception of the carboxylic acid derivative 4-(4-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl) benzoic acid (L11), where the introduction of a strong hydrogen-bonding group results in a markedly different supramolecular structure being adopted. The occurrence of these structural features has been compared with the packing efficiency of the structures and their melting points in order to assess the relative favourability of the supramolecular structural features in stabilizing the crystal structures.

STEREOCHEMSTRY OF ARSENIC: PART III. o-PHENYLENEDIARSINE OXYCHLORIDE

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1113-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Cullen ◽  
J. Trotter
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Axis ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Membered Ring ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
The Other ◽  
Van Der Waals Interactions ◽  
Chlorine Atoms ◽  
Space Group ◽  
Bond Lengths ◽  
Aromatic Character

Crystals of o-phenylenediarsine oxychloride, C6H4As2Cl2O, are monoclinic with four molecules in a unit cell of dimensions a = 14.50, b = 8.38, c = 7.66 Å, β = 105.8°, space group C2/c. The structure has been determined from projections along the b and c axes. Each molecule is situated on a 2-fold symmetry axis and is planar except for the chlorine atoms, which lie one on either side of the plane of the other atoms. The values of the bond lengths and valency angles have been obtained. Abnormal valency angles at the arsenic and oxygen atoms are the result of their presence in the five-membered ring, and the unusual stability of the molecule in spite of these angles can be interpreted in terms of aromatic character, involving dπ–pπ bonding. The intermolecular separations correspond to normal van der Waals interactions.

No solid solution compounds in between the binaries: syntheses and crystal structures of Nb(Br0.62(4)Cl0.38(4))2Cl2 and NbI2Cl2

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Olaf Reckeweg ◽  
Thomas Schleid
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Site Occupancy ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Single Bonds

AbstractThe anion-mixed niobium tetrahalides Nb(Br0.62(4)Cl0.38(4))2Cl2 and NbI2Cl2 were obtained by heating NbBr5 with NbCl5 and NbI5 with NbCl5, respectively, in equimolar ratios with niobium metal in evacuated, torch-sealed silica ampoules at 720 K for 3 days. The orthorhombic title compounds form as very brittle black needles and were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction [space group: Immm, Z=4; a=704.27(6), b=824.13(7), c=929.64(8) pm for Nb(Br0.62(4)Cl0.38(4))2Cl2 and a=753.76(6), b=829.38(7) and c=983.41(8) pm for NbI2Cl2]. Surprisingly enough, these mixed-anionic halides are not isostructural with either NbCl4, NbBr4 or NbI4, but crystallize isotypically with TaI2Cl2, thus being examples for differential site occupancy stabilized materials. Structural features of other niobium(IV) halides are compiled and compared to those of Nb(Br0.62(4)Cl0.38(4))2Cl2 and NbI2Cl2. Except for NbF4, they all exhibit chains of trans-edge connected [NbX6]2− octahedra, which allow Peierls distortions to form Nb–Nb single bonds. The packing of these chains differ, however, depending on the actual halide or mixed-halide combination.

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