scholarly journals Being exceptional is being weak: Tonal exceptions in San Miguel el Grande Mixtec

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Symbolic Representation ◽  
Symbolic Representations ◽  
Underlying Representation ◽  
Original Proposal ◽  
Lexical Exceptions

The assumption of Gradient Symbolic Representations (Smolensky & Goldrick 2016; Rosen 2016) allows a unified account of lexical exceptions to phonological generalizations or processes. It states that phonological elements can have different degrees of presence in an underlying representation, expressed as numerical activities. In this paper, I strengthen the argument for Gradient Symbolic Representations and provide a case study of two seemingly unrelated exceptions in the tonal phonology of San Miguel el Grande Mixtec that receive a unified explanation under the assumption of gradient activity. In addition, I argue for a modification of the original Gradient Symbolic Representation assumption and propose the existence of gradient activity in the output. This assumption allows to predict markedness-driven exceptionality patterns that remain unexplained in the original proposal.

scholarly journals Notes on narrative, cognition, and cultural evolution

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 542-561
Author(s):  
Marina Grishakova ◽  
Siim Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Cognitive Mapping ◽  
Symbolic Representation ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Cultural Dynamics ◽  
Symbolic Representations ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Ubiquity Hypothesis ◽  
Cultural Evolutionary

Drawing on non-Darwinian cultural-evolutionary approaches, the paper develops a broad, non-representational perspective on narrative, necessary to account for the narrative “ubiquity” hypothesis. It considers narrativity as a feature of intelligent behaviour and as a formative principle of symbolic representation (“narrative proclivity”). The narrative representation retains a relationship with the “primary” pre-symbolic narrativity of the basic orientational-interpretive (semiotic) behaviour affected by perceptually salient objects and “fits” in natural environments. The paper distinguishes between implicit narrativity (as the basic form of perceptual-cognitive mapping) of intelligent behaviour or non-narrative media, and the “narrative” as a symbolic representation. Human perceptual-attentional routines are enhanced by symbolic representations: due to its attention-monitoring and information-gathering function, narrative serves as a cognitive-exploratory tool facilitating cultural dynamics. The rise of new media and mass communication on the Web has thrown the ability of narrative to shape the public sphere through the ongoing process of negotiated sensemaking and interpretation in a particularly sharp relief.

scholarly journals Deep reinforcement learning using compositional representations for performing instructions

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 358-373
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Zamani ◽  
Sven Magg ◽  
Cornelius Weber ◽  
Stefan Wermter ◽  
Di Fu
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Symbolic Representation ◽  
The State ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Detection Model ◽  
Symbolic Representations ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
State Of The Environment

Abstract Spoken language is one of the most efficientways to instruct robots about performing domestic tasks. However, the state of the environment has to be considered to plan and execute actions successfully. We propose a system that learns to recognise the user’s intention and map it to a goal. A reinforcement learning (RL) system then generates a sequence of actions toward this goal considering the state of the environment. A novel contribution in this paper is the use of symbolic representations for both input and output of a neural Deep Q-network (DQN), which enables it to be used in a hybrid system. To show the effectiveness of our approach, the Tell-Me-Dave corpus is used to train an intention detection model and in a second step an RL agent generates the sequences of actions towards the detected objective, represented by a set of state predicates. We show that the system can successfully recognise command sequences fromthis corpus aswell as train the deep- RL network with symbolic input.We further show that the performance can be significantly increased by exploiting the symbolic representation to generate intermediate rewards.

scholarly journals Gender parity and the symbolic representation of women in Senegal

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-481
Author(s):  
Marianne Tøraasen
Keyword(s):  
Symbolic Representation ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Gender Quotas ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Gender Parity ◽  
Attitudinal Changes ◽  
People’S Perceptions

AbstractFollowing the adoption of the Senegalese Law on Parity and the subsequent influx of women to the National Assembly, we saw a strong gendered polarisation of attitudes towards women as political leaders among the Senegalese population. This study explores whether similar attitudinal changes are found among political elites in the Senegalese National Assembly. Theory suggests that an increase in the number of women elected to legislatures (‘descriptive representation’) will challenge people's perceptions of politics as a male domain and strengthen belief in women's ability to govern (‘symbolic representation’). Although the effects of gender quotas on women's representation has received considerable scholarly attention, the field of symbolic representation remains under-studied. A case study of the effects of the Senegalese parity law addresses this knowledge gap, contributing with new empirical insights. This study also develops indicators that can help measure potential developments in the symbolic representation of women. Parity appears to have contributed to slightly more acceptance towards women as political leaders within the National Assembly. The findings are discussed in the last section.

scholarly journals Mujeres y violencia transgeneracional: mitos y creencias que naturalizan el maltrato en los sistemas familiares

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Elizabeth González Borbarán
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Family Dynamics ◽  
Symbolic Representation ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Women Violence ◽  
Violence Transmission ◽  
Basic Semantic

RESUMENEl presente artículo da cuenta de los resultados de un estudio de casos que permitió conocer las creencias y mitos que mujeres con vivencias abusivas en su historia, le atribuyen a las dinámicas familiares con violencia, maltrato y abuso sexual, y las explicaciones que éstas se dan con respecto a la naturalización de estas pautas transmitidas transgeneracionalmente. Con el propósito de develar las explicaciones que las mujeres entrevistadas le otorgan a la ocurrencia y repitencias de situaciones abusivas, se utilizó un esquema básico de análisis estructural semántico, logrando de este modo una representación simbólica de sus relatos, los cuales están sometidos a ciertas reglas y códigos que son inherentes a su contexto y sobre el cual configuran sus explicaciones de la vida cotidiana.Palabras Clave: Mujeres – violencia – transmisión transgeneracional - mitos - Creencias - naturalización - sistemas familiares. Mulheres e violência transgeneracional: Mitos e crenças que naturalizan o maltrato nos sistemas familiaresRESUMOOpresente artigo dá conta dos resultados de um estudo de casos que permitiu conhecer as crenças e mitos que mulheres com vivências abusivas em sua história, lhe atribuem às dinâmicas familiares com violência, maltrato e abuso sexual, e as explicações que estas se dão com respeito à naturalización destos padrões transmitidos transgeneracionalmente. Com o propósito de develar as explicações que as mulheres entrevistadas lhe outorgam à ocurrencia e repitencias de situações abusivas, se utilizou um esquema básico de análise estrutural semántico, conseguindo deste modo uma representação simbólica de seus relatos, os quais estão submetidos a certas regras e códigos que são inherentes a seu contexto e sobre o qual configuran suas explicações da vida quotidiana.Palavras chave: Mulheres – violência – transmissão transgeneracional - mitos - crenças - naturalización - sistemas familiares. Women and violence transgeneracional: Myths andbeliefs that naturalizan the maltreatment in the familiarsystemsABSTRACTThis article reports the results of a case study yielded information on thebeliefs and myths that women with abusive experiences in their history,attributed to family dynamics with violence, abuse and sexual abuse,and the explanations they are given regarding the naturalization of theseguidelines transgenerationally transmitted. In order to reveal the womeninterviewed explanations give to the occurrence and repetition of abusivesituations, we used a basic semantic structural analysis, thereby achievinga symbolic representation of his stories, which are subject to certain rulesand codes that are inherent in its context and which shape their accountsof everyday life.Key words: Women – violence – transmission transgeneracional - myths -Beliefs - naturalización - familiar systems.

scholarly journals A novel method of symbolic representation in diving data mining: A case study of highways in China

2018 ◽  
pp. e5115
Author(s):  
Chuan Sun ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Duanfeng Chu ◽  
Wushuang Li ◽  
Zhenji Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Symbolic Representation ◽  
Novel Method

Understanding Time-Series Networks: A Case Study in Rule Extraction

1997 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 373-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark W. Craven ◽  
Jude W. Shavlik
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Concept Representation ◽  
Symbolic Representations ◽  
Noisy Time Series ◽  
Trained Network

A significant limitation of neural networks is that the representation they learn are usually incomprehensible to humans. We have developed an algorithm, called TREPAN, for extracting comprehensible, symbolic representations from trained neural networks. Given a trained network, TREPAN produces a decision tree that approximates the concept represented by the network. In this article, we discuss the application of TREPAN to a neural network trained on a noisy time series task: predicting the Dollar–Mark exchange rate. We present experiments that show that TREPAN is able to extract a decision tree from this network that equals the network in terms of predictive accuracy, yet provides a comprehensible concept representation. Moreover, our experiments indicate that decision trees induced directly from the training data using conventional algorithms do not match the accuracy nor the comprehensibility of the tree extracted by TREPAN.

scholarly journals Um olhar sobre as festas juninas e seus novos cenários: O caso do São João de Maracanaú - Região Metropolitana de Fortaleza (RMF, Ceará)

GeoTextos ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryvone Moura Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Symbolic Representation ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Public ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Party Characteristics ◽  
Attraction And Retention

A pesquisa corresponde à investigação sobre a representação simbólica do espaço festivo do São João de Maracanaú no período do ciclo junino na Região Metropolitana de Fortaleza (RMF-CE). As festas juninas perderam o formato de festas interioranas e adquiriram a forma de festivais e a condição de “espetáculos urbanos”, agregando, ao espaço festivo, novos espaços e funcionalidades visando à atração e à permanência do público. A pesquisa tem como objetivo produzir o mapeamento local do São João de Maracanaú-CE, fazendo uma leitura de como se dispõem os cenários e se dão as dinâmicas espaciais no período festivo. A pesquisa apresenta como aporte metodológico uma abordagem qualitativa e a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas. A pesquisa empírica foi realizada no mês de julho de 2011 em Maracanaú, RMF-CE. Abstract A LOOK AT THE JUNE PARTIES AND ITS NEW SCENARIOS: A CASE STUDY OF SAINT JOHN´S PARTY AT MARACANAU - METROPOLITAN REGION OF FORTALEZA (CEARÁ) This research is the result of an investigation into the symbolic representation of St. John´s festive space of Maracanau during the june cycle parties in Fortaleza´s Metropolitan Region. Those events have lost their “country party” characteristics and acquired festival formats and “urban entertainment” conditions, adding to festive space new options of scenarios and features focused on the attraction and retention of the public. This research aims to produce the mapping of St. John´s of Maracanaú party, showing how scenarios are disposed and describing the spatial dynamics observed during the festive period. This research presents as methodological contributions, qualitative approaches and semi-structured interviews. The empirical research was conducted on July, 2011, at Maracanau, a city that belongs to Fortaleza´s Metropolitan Region.

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