scholarly journals Alternatives as sources of semantic dependency

2015 ◽  
pp. 406
Author(s):  
Anamaria Falaus
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Adequate Description ◽  
Polarity Sensitivity ◽  
Restricted Distribution ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Principled Explanation ◽  
Epistemic Constraint ◽  
Semantic Dependency ◽  
The Way

This paper focuses on the properties of the Romanian determiner 'vreun', and has two objectives. First, it seeks to provide an adequate description of its restricted distribution. Refining previous observations in the literature (Farkas 2002, 2006), I argue that the occurrence of 'vreun' in intensional contexts is sensitive to epistemic alternatives, and put forward a generalization that captures its use (‘the epistemic constraint’). Second, we aim to provide an explanation for the observed pattern, in a way that situates 'vreun' in a broader typology of dependent indefinites. The proposed account is couched in a unified, alternative-based approach to polarity-sensitivity, due to Chierchia (2006 et seq). In line with this theory, we reduce the differences between 'vreun' and other dependent indefinites to essentially two factors: (i) the types of alternatives these items activate and (ii) the way these alternatives are factored into meaning by alternative-sensitive operators. The present paper can be regarded as part of a more general research program which aims to understand the parameters of variation among dependent indefinites and to seek a principled explanation for the attested diversity.

scholarly journals Alternatives as sources of semantic dependency

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anamaria Falaus
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Adequate Description ◽  
Polarity Sensitivity ◽  
Restricted Distribution ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Principled Explanation ◽  
Epistemic Constraint ◽  
Semantic Dependency ◽  
The Way

This paper focuses on the properties of the Romanian determiner 'vreun', and has two objectives. First, it seeks to provide an adequate description of its restricted distribution. Refining previous observations in the literature (Farkas 2002, 2006), I argue that the occurrence of 'vreun' in intensional contexts is sensitive to epistemic alternatives, and put forward a generalization that captures its use (‘the epistemic constraint’). Second, we aim to provide an explanation for the observed pattern, in a way that situates 'vreun' in a broader typology of dependent indefinites. The proposed account is couched in a unified, alternative-based approach to polarity-sensitivity, due to Chierchia (2006 et seq). In line with this theory, we reduce the differences between 'vreun' and other dependent indefinites to essentially two factors: (i) the types of alternatives these items activate and (ii) the way these alternatives are factored into meaning by alternative-sensitive operators. The present paper can be regarded as part of a more general research program which aims to understand the parameters of variation among dependent indefinites and to seek a principled explanation for the attested diversity.

Photosensitive Polyimides

1989 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroo Hiramoto
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Double Bonds ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Film Properties ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Patterned Films ◽  
The Way

AbstractPhotosensitive polyimides are used as insulation and protection layers for microelectronics. They can easily give fine-patterned films with excellent characteristics of polyimides by photolithographic procedure.Photosensitive groups such as double bonds, azides, o-nitrobenzyl and o-naphthoquinonediazides. These photosensitive groups are incorporated to polymer chains through covalent bonds or acid-base ion bonds. Some polyimides have photosensitivity even without intentionally introduced photosensitive groups. Most of photosensitive polyimides are negative working, and a few of them are positive working.Characteristics of photosensitive polyimides are determined by two factors, the way of introducing photosensitive groups and the structures of polyimide backbone chains. Photosensitivity, resolution, purity and easiness of imidization mainly depends on the former factor. The film properties after curing are mainly determined by the latter. The film properties, however, are affected by the former when imide cyclization is imperfect.Photosensitive polyimides are widely used as protection and insulation layers of VLSI, multi-chip modules for computers, telecommunication, linephotosensors, thermal-heads, etc.

What role do the emotions play in cognition?

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason L. Megill
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Affective Computing ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Frame Problem ◽  
Cognitive Theories ◽  
The Frame Problem ◽  
The Way

This paper has two aims: (1) to point the way towards a novel alternative to cognitive theories of emotion, and (2) to delineate a number of different functions that the emotions play in cognition, functions that become visible from outside the framework of cognitive theories. First, I hold that the Higher Order Representational (HOR) theories of consciousness — as generally formulated — are inadequate insofar as they fail to account for selective attention. After posing this dilemma, I resolve it in such a manner that the following thesis arises: the emotions play a key role in shaping selective attention. This thesis is in accord with A. Damasio’s (1994) noteworthy neuroscientific work on emotion. I then begin to formulate an alternative to cognitive theories of emotion, and I show how this new account has implications for the following issues: face recognition, two brain disorders (Capgras’ and Fregoli syndrome), the frame problem in A.I., and the research program of affective computing.

Influence of mineralogy and moisture content on plasticity and induced anisotropic damage of a claystone; application to nuclear waste disposals

2000 ◽  
Vol 171 (6) ◽  
pp. 621-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Sophie Chiarelli ◽  
Beatrice Ledesert ◽  
Malek Sibai ◽  
Mohammed Karami ◽  
Nasser Hoteit
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Triaxial Compression ◽  
Anisotropic Damage ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Triaxial Compression Tests ◽  
The Way

Abstract The influence of mineralogy and moisture content on mechanical behaviour of a claystone rock is studied by the way of uniaxial and triaxial compression tests and microscopic observations. Some parameters characteristic of phenomena like plasticity and induced anisotropic damage are discussed as a function of these two factors. Rock behaviour becomes more brittle when calcite content grows or when clay or moisture content decreases. At the microlevel, plasticity is induced by slip of clay sheets and induced anisotropic damage appears by growth of oriented microcracks at the interface between grains and matrix.

National Alliances and Global Webs: The Internationalization of Japanese Shipping

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Wray
Keyword(s):  
Trade Networks ◽  
Shipping Company ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
The Way

This chapter examines the process and factors necessary for the internationalisation of shipping to successfully occur, using Japan as an example. The chapter is divided into two sections:- the first studies the two factors that enable internationalisation - technology and investment - as they apply to Japanese shipping; the second examines the way internationalisation evolves, by presenting and dissecting two narratives - the rise of Japan’s trade networks, and alliances within the global web. The primary focus of study is the Nippon Yusen Kaisha (NYT) shipping company.

Public Budget Reform and Reform Failure in a Market Model

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-69
Author(s):  
Matthew Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Public Choice ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Public Budget ◽  
The Public ◽  
Budget Reform ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Budgeting Process ◽  
The Way

Abstract Budgeting theories have not been able to explain why reforms have a limited influence on the budgeting process [JOYCE, 1993]. The current paper proposes a market-based theory of budget reform, which combines the public choice model with new institutional dunking, in the spirit of authors like Kraan [1996]. The dieory unfolds into specific hypodieses about the way in which reform adoption is dependent on the authority of budgeting bureaucrats to adopt reforms, the level of reform acceptance among these bureaucrats and politicians, and the ability of bureaucrats to adopt the reforms. The first two factors, authority and acceptance, are argued to be more important than ability in influencing the level of budget reform adoption.

Literary vs. Technical Writing: Substitutes vs. Standards for Reality

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan D. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Technical Writing ◽  
Visual Representation ◽  
Visual Medium ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Predominant Type ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Literary Writing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Way

This article proposes a means of characterizing the difference between technical and literary writing, involving a theory of representation in which these distinct writing types are comparable to distinct types of visual representation. Any difference is only intelligible relative to a background of similarlity, but recent discussions of technical writing emphasize its similarity to literature and ignore significant differences. Distinct types of line drawings replicate the literary/technical contrast in a visual medium. This arises from two factors: 1) the way in which the drawing/text is perceived by the viewer/reader, as a substitute or as a standard; and 2) the predominant type of detail in the drawing/text, iterative or contrastive. Literature is most effective if perceived as a substitute for reality, predominated by iterative detail. Technical writing is most effective if perceived as a standard for evaluating reality, predominated by contrastive detail.

National Security, Closed Material Procedures, and Fair Trials

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Martin Chamberlain
Keyword(s):  
Procedural Justice ◽  
National Security ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Way

This chapter examines the arguments advanced against the extension of closed material procedures (CMPs) prior to the passage of the Justice and Security Act 2013. In the light of experience since the coming into force of that Act, it asks whether and to what extent the arguments against CMPs have been shown to be correct; whether and when CMPs are necessary; and whether and when they are capable of providing the ‘substantial measure of procedural justice’ their proponents promised. Any assessment of the degree to which CMPs give rise to procedural unfairness must be attentive to two factors: first, the degree to which the excluded party will be disadvantaged by being represented by a special advocate, rather than their own lawyer; and secondly, what is the alternative to a CMP. This leads to a mixed picture where CMPs can cause considerable unfairness in some cases, but in others it may be the only the way to effectively challenge a decision by way of judicial review.

scholarly journals Processing effects in linguistic judgment data: (super-)additivity and reading span scores

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIP HOFMEISTER ◽  
LAURA STAUM CASASANTO ◽  
IVAN A. SAG
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Reading Span ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Acceptability Judgments ◽  
Memory Resources ◽  
Processing Difficulty ◽  
Judgment Data ◽  
The Way

abstractLinguistic acceptability judgments are widely agreed to reflect constraints on real-time language processing. Nonetheless, very little is known about how processing costs affect acceptability judgments. In this paper, we explore how processing limitations are manifested in acceptability judgment data. In a series of experiments, we consider how two factors relate to judgments for sentences with varying degrees of complexity: (1) the way constraints combine (i.e., additively or super-additively), and (2) the way a comprehender’s memory resources influence acceptability judgments. Results indicate that multiple sources of processing difficulty can combine to produce super-additive effects, and that there is a positive linear relationship between reading span scores and judgments for sentences whose unacceptability is attributable to processing costs. These patterns do not hold for sentences whose unacceptability is attributable to factors other than processing costs, e.g., grammatical constraints. We conclude that tests of (super)-additivity and of relationships to reading span scores can help to identify the effects of processing difficulty on acceptability judgments, although these tests cannot be used in contexts of extreme processing difficulty.

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