National Alliances and Global Webs: The Internationalization of Japanese Shipping

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Wray
Keyword(s):  
Trade Networks ◽  
Shipping Company ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
The Way

This chapter examines the process and factors necessary for the internationalisation of shipping to successfully occur, using Japan as an example. The chapter is divided into two sections:- the first studies the two factors that enable internationalisation - technology and investment - as they apply to Japanese shipping; the second examines the way internationalisation evolves, by presenting and dissecting two narratives - the rise of Japan’s trade networks, and alliances within the global web. The primary focus of study is the Nippon Yusen Kaisha (NYT) shipping company.

Cute Girls, Tough Boys

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-111
Author(s):  
Alexandra Gueydan-Turek
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Graphic Art ◽  
Masculinity And Femininity ◽  
Gender Performances ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Form Of Expression ◽  
The Way

This article explores the way in which masculinity and femininity are constructed in Algerian manga, an emerging, understudied sub-genre within the field of Algerian graphic art. Through the exploration of youth-oriented publications of shōjo and shōnen manga, I will demonstrate how these new local works offer a privileged form of expression for and platform to address disaffected Algerian youths. The primary focus of this investigation will be the differences (or lack thereof) between ideals of gender performances as expressed in Algerian manga and ideals of gender identity in society at large. This article will demonstrate that, while some differences manifest a desire for change on the part of both artists and readers, they certainly do not constitute radical revisions of the popular Algerian notions of masculinity and femininity. Ultimately, this study will demonstrate the limits of manga as an imported genre within an Arab-Islamic context, oscillating between the promulgation of alternative social ideals and the reinforcement of social norms.

Brahms, Beethoven, and a Reassessment of the Famous Footsteps

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Styra Avins
Keyword(s):  
Alternative View ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Substantial Evidence ◽  
Specific Instance ◽  
Powerful Effect ◽  
History Of ◽  
Compositional History ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
The Way ◽  
Musical Forces

To speak of Brahms and Beethoven in the same breath is almost a cliché: Brahms was intimately conscious of Beethoven's music from early youth. This article describes the details of his youthful involvement, the compositions he had in his repertoire as well as those other works which had a powerful effect on his development. By age 20, Brahms was frequently compared to Beethoven by people who met him or heard him play. My interest is in the way he was influenced by Beethoven and the manner in which he eventually found his own voice. The compositional history of his First Symphony provides the primary focus: its long gestation, and the alleged quote by Brahms given in Max Kalbeck's massive biography: ‘I'll never write a symphony, you have no idea what it feels like … to hear the footsteps of a giant behind one’. The reference is presumably to Beethoven, but there exists no corroborating evidence that Brahms ever said those words. They gained credence as one writer after another simply accepted Kalbeck's word. Yet substantial evidence exists that in writing his biography, Kalbeck distorted and even invented ‘facts’ when it suited his purposes, including a specific instance dealing with writing a symphony. An alternative view of the symphony's long gestation is based on a view of Brahms's compositional history. He wrote for musical forces he knew at first hand, and only from 1872 to 1875 did he have command of an orchestra. Intriguingly, while fulfilling the contemporary accepted demands of a symphony after Beethoven, Brahms devised an unusual strategy for the final movement, the basis of its great success.

Receptive Ecumenism and Discerning the Sensus Fidelium: Expanding the Categories for a Catholic Reception of Revelation

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ormond Rush
Keyword(s):  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Christian Tradition ◽  
Mutual Exchange ◽  
Lumen Gentium ◽  
Sensus Fidelium ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
The Way

The benefits of the approach of “receptive ecumenism” are becoming increasingly appreciated within ecumenical circles. A primary focus is the way a particular Christian tradition can learn from another and, in a mutual exchange of gifts, receive gifts that have not been part of one’s own tradition. This essay views this dynamic in terms of recognizing differing “senses of the faith” that the Holy Spirit has brought forth within the baptized of different churches. It proposes that Catholic discernment of the sensus fidelium, as presupposed in Lumen Gentium 12, should also include the sensus fidei of other Christians, and that ecumenical dialogues play a crucial role in that ecclesial discernment.

Photosensitive Polyimides

1989 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroo Hiramoto
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Double Bonds ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Film Properties ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Patterned Films ◽  
The Way

AbstractPhotosensitive polyimides are used as insulation and protection layers for microelectronics. They can easily give fine-patterned films with excellent characteristics of polyimides by photolithographic procedure.Photosensitive groups such as double bonds, azides, o-nitrobenzyl and o-naphthoquinonediazides. These photosensitive groups are incorporated to polymer chains through covalent bonds or acid-base ion bonds. Some polyimides have photosensitivity even without intentionally introduced photosensitive groups. Most of photosensitive polyimides are negative working, and a few of them are positive working.Characteristics of photosensitive polyimides are determined by two factors, the way of introducing photosensitive groups and the structures of polyimide backbone chains. Photosensitivity, resolution, purity and easiness of imidization mainly depends on the former factor. The film properties after curing are mainly determined by the latter. The film properties, however, are affected by the former when imide cyclization is imperfect.Photosensitive polyimides are widely used as protection and insulation layers of VLSI, multi-chip modules for computers, telecommunication, linephotosensors, thermal-heads, etc.

Influence of mineralogy and moisture content on plasticity and induced anisotropic damage of a claystone; application to nuclear waste disposals

2000 ◽  
Vol 171 (6) ◽  
pp. 621-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Sophie Chiarelli ◽  
Beatrice Ledesert ◽  
Malek Sibai ◽  
Mohammed Karami ◽  
Nasser Hoteit
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Triaxial Compression ◽  
Anisotropic Damage ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Triaxial Compression Tests ◽  
The Way

Abstract The influence of mineralogy and moisture content on mechanical behaviour of a claystone rock is studied by the way of uniaxial and triaxial compression tests and microscopic observations. Some parameters characteristic of phenomena like plasticity and induced anisotropic damage are discussed as a function of these two factors. Rock behaviour becomes more brittle when calcite content grows or when clay or moisture content decreases. At the microlevel, plasticity is induced by slip of clay sheets and induced anisotropic damage appears by growth of oriented microcracks at the interface between grains and matrix.

Public Budget Reform and Reform Failure in a Market Model

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-69
Author(s):  
Matthew Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Public Choice ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Public Budget ◽  
The Public ◽  
Budget Reform ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Budgeting Process ◽  
The Way

Abstract Budgeting theories have not been able to explain why reforms have a limited influence on the budgeting process [JOYCE, 1993]. The current paper proposes a market-based theory of budget reform, which combines the public choice model with new institutional dunking, in the spirit of authors like Kraan [1996]. The dieory unfolds into specific hypodieses about the way in which reform adoption is dependent on the authority of budgeting bureaucrats to adopt reforms, the level of reform acceptance among these bureaucrats and politicians, and the ability of bureaucrats to adopt the reforms. The first two factors, authority and acceptance, are argued to be more important than ability in influencing the level of budget reform adoption.

Literary vs. Technical Writing: Substitutes vs. Standards for Reality

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan D. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Technical Writing ◽  
Visual Representation ◽  
Visual Medium ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Predominant Type ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Literary Writing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Way

This article proposes a means of characterizing the difference between technical and literary writing, involving a theory of representation in which these distinct writing types are comparable to distinct types of visual representation. Any difference is only intelligible relative to a background of similarlity, but recent discussions of technical writing emphasize its similarity to literature and ignore significant differences. Distinct types of line drawings replicate the literary/technical contrast in a visual medium. This arises from two factors: 1) the way in which the drawing/text is perceived by the viewer/reader, as a substitute or as a standard; and 2) the predominant type of detail in the drawing/text, iterative or contrastive. Literature is most effective if perceived as a substitute for reality, predominated by iterative detail. Technical writing is most effective if perceived as a standard for evaluating reality, predominated by contrastive detail.

The Oberi Okaime Christian Mission: towards a history of an Ibibio independent church

Africa ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monday B. Abasiattai
Keyword(s):  
Christian Mission ◽  
History Of ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Way

Opening ParagraphThe Oberi Okaime Christian Mission has for long attracted the attention of scholars because of the way it developed a special script and even a language of its own. As early as 1937 the International African Institute was encouraging study of it. Today there is again a revival of interest in both the script and the language, and specimens of both as used in 1986 are included below, so as to put them once again on record some fifty years after they were invented. But these are not the primary focus of this article, the purpose oi which is to outline a history of the church, and by doing so to call attention to the wider phenomenon of Christianity in the context of Ibibio culture. The way Ibibio so readily took up Christianity after about 1910 has yet to be understood in detail, while the Spirit Movement in the region needs to be differentiated from such superficially similar movements as the contemporary Aladura or the earlier Garrick Braide movements.

scholarly journals Alternatives as sources of semantic dependency

2015 ◽  
pp. 406
Author(s):  
Anamaria Falaus
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Adequate Description ◽  
Polarity Sensitivity ◽  
Restricted Distribution ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Principled Explanation ◽  
Epistemic Constraint ◽  
Semantic Dependency ◽  
The Way

This paper focuses on the properties of the Romanian determiner 'vreun', and has two objectives. First, it seeks to provide an adequate description of its restricted distribution. Refining previous observations in the literature (Farkas 2002, 2006), I argue that the occurrence of 'vreun' in intensional contexts is sensitive to epistemic alternatives, and put forward a generalization that captures its use (‘the epistemic constraint’). Second, we aim to provide an explanation for the observed pattern, in a way that situates 'vreun' in a broader typology of dependent indefinites. The proposed account is couched in a unified, alternative-based approach to polarity-sensitivity, due to Chierchia (2006 et seq). In line with this theory, we reduce the differences between 'vreun' and other dependent indefinites to essentially two factors: (i) the types of alternatives these items activate and (ii) the way these alternatives are factored into meaning by alternative-sensitive operators. The present paper can be regarded as part of a more general research program which aims to understand the parameters of variation among dependent indefinites and to seek a principled explanation for the attested diversity.

Multipolar Trade and Rural–Urban Violence in Maoist India

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Topher L. McDougal
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Urban Violence ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Power Differentials ◽  
Maoist Insurgency ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Cost

Does the shape or strength of the trade networks that link rural and urban areas affect the employment of violence? This chapter attempts to answer this question employing a statistical model based on GIS-derived variables, and using the case of the Maoist insurgency in rural India. It argues that (1) strong rural–urban linkages do in fact lower the intensity of violence employed by the rural Maoist insurgency against civilian people (but not against government targets or property); and (2) highly interconnected areas experience lower levels of violence against people (but not against government targets). The conclusion suggests that network structure affects bargaining power differentials between the Maoists and traders serving the area. Towns redundantly to urban areas simultaneously decrease traders’ monopoly power, while increasing the cost of Maoist capture. These two factors promote a trading relationship between Maoists and redundantly connected towns.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document