scholarly journals Fungal associates of an invasive pine-infesting bark beetle, Dendroctonus valens, including seven new Ophiostomatalean fungi

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-195
Author(s):  
S. Marincowitz ◽  
T.A. Duong ◽  
S.J. Taerum ◽  
Z.W. de Beer ◽  
M.J. Wingfield
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Dendroctonus Valens ◽  
Fungal Associates ◽  
Formed Part

The red turpentine beetle (RTB; Dendroctonus valens ) is a bark beetle that is native to Central and NorthAmerica. This insect is well-known to live in association with a large number of Ophiostomatalean fungi. The beetle is considered a minor pest in its native range, but has killed millions of indigenous pine trees in China after its appearance in that country in the late1990s. Inorder to increase the base of knowledge regarding the RTB and its symbionts, surveys of the beetle's fungal associates were initially undertaken in China, and in a subsequent study in its native range in North America. A total of 30 Ophiostomatalean species that included several undescribed taxa, were identified in these surveys. In the present study, seven of the undescribed taxa collected during the surveys were further characterised based on their morphological characteristics and multi-genephylogenies. We proceeded to describe five of these as novel Leptographium spp. and two as new species of Ophiostoma. Four of the Leptographium spp. resided in the G. galeiformis-species complex, while one formed part of the L. olivaceum species complex. One Ophiostoma sp. was a member of the O. ips-species complex, while the only new species from China was closely related to O. floccosum. Two of the previously undescribed taxa from North America were shown to be congeneric with L. terebrantis, implying that this species was most often isolated in association with the RTB in North America. The undescribed taxon from North America was identified as O. ips, and like L. terebrantis, this species was also not recognized during the initial North American survey. Resolving the identities of these taxa provides essential baseline information to better understand the movement of fungal pathogens with this beetle. This then enhances our ability to accurately assess and predict the risks of invasions by these and related fungi.

The response of Dendroctonus valens and Temnochila chlorodia to Ips paraconfusus pheromone components and verbenone

2007 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Fettig ◽  
Stephen R. McKelvey ◽  
Christopher P. Dabney ◽  
Roberty R. Borys
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Ips Paraconfusus ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Dendroctonus Valens ◽  
High Release ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Pheromone Components ◽  
Temnochila Chlorodia ◽  
Cut Stumps

AbstractThe red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus valens LeConte, 1860 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), is a common bark beetle found throughout much of North America and China. In 2004, we observed that attack densities of the California fivespined ips, Ips paraconfusus Lanier, 1970 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), in logging debris were inversely related to D. valens attacks on freshly cut stumps, which led to the demonstration that components of the aggregation pheromone of I. paraconfusus inhibited the response of D. valens to attractant-baited traps. In this study, we test the response of D. valens and Temnochila chlorodia (Mannerheim, 1843) (Coleoptera: Trogositidae), a common bark beetle predator, to racemic ipsenol, racemic ipsdienol, and (−)-cis-verbenol (IPSR) in the presence and absence of two release rates of (−)-verbenone. The addition of a relatively low release rate of (−)-verbenone (4 mg/24 h) to attractant-baited traps did not affect catch and had no significant effect on the response of D. valens to IPSR. IPSR significantly reduced D. valens attraction to baited traps. The addition of high release rates of (−)-verbenone (50 mg/24 h) to IPSR significantly increased inhibition; however, the effect was not significantly different from that observed with (−)-verbenone alone (50 mg/24 h). Temnochila chlorodia was attracted to traps baited with (−)-β-pinene, (+)-3-carene, and (+)-α-pinene. The addition of (−)-verbenone (50 mg/24 h) significantly increased attraction. Traps baited with IPSR caught significantly more T. chlorodia than those baited with (−)-verbenone. Few other beetles were collected. We are hopeful that these results will help facilitate the development of an effective tool for protecting Pinus spp. from D. valens infestations.

The species of Thecaphora on Compositae in North America

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1512-1522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén Durán
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Bright Field ◽  
New Host ◽  
North American Continent ◽  
The North ◽  
Scanning Electron

Five new species of Thecaphora collected in Mexico are described, some of which are parasitic on genera of Compositae not previously reported as hosts. Species of Thecaphora on Compositae for the North American continent now total 11. New species include Thecaphora denticulata, T. heliopsidis, T. hennenea, T. melampodii, and T. neo-mexicana. New host genera for North America include Bidens, Heliopsis, and Melampodium. Morphological characteristics of Thecaphora species and taxonomic criteria to delimit them are discussed. Keys to the species, interpretations of spore ball morphology and spore sculpturing, and scanning electron and bright-field micrographs are presented.

ANARTA CORDIGERA (THUNBERG) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE: HADENINAE), A SPECIES COMPLEX

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (10) ◽  
pp. 931-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Lafontaine ◽  
K. Mikkola ◽  
V.S. Kononenko
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Far East ◽  
Bursa Copulatrix ◽  
Western North America ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Status ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Holarctic Species

AbstractThe status of Anarta cordigera (Thunberg, 1788), formerly treated as a circumboreal holarctic species, is reassessed in the light of characters of the male vesica and female bursa copulatrix. Populations are arranged in four species: A. cordigera in Europe; A. carbonaria Christoph, 1893 in Siberia and the Far East; A. luteola Grote and Robinson, 1865 in North America; and A. macrostigma Lafontaine and Mikkola, new species, in western North America. Adults and genitalia are illustrated for the four species.

scholarly journals Cryphonectriaceae on Myrtales in China: phylogeny, host range, and pathogenicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Wang ◽  
G.Q. Li ◽  
Q.L. Liu ◽  
S.F. Chen
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Canker Disease

Plantation-grown Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) and other trees residing in the Myrtales have been widely planted in southern China. These fungal pathogens include species of Cryphonectriaceae that are well-known to cause stem and branch canker disease on Myrtales trees. During recent disease surveys in southern China, sporocarps with typical characteristics of Cryphonectriaceae were observed on the surfaces of cankers on the stems and branches of Myrtales trees. In this study, a total of 164 Cryphonectriaceae isolates were identified based on comparisons of DNA sequences of the partial conserved nuclear large subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions including the 5.8S gene of the ribosomal DNA operon, two regions of the β-tubulin (tub2/tub1) gene, and the translation elongation factor1-alpha (tef1) gene region, as well as their morphological characteristics. The results showed that eight species reside in four genera of Cryphonectriaceae occurring on the genera Eucalyptus, Melastoma (Melastomataceae), Psidium (Myrtaceae), Syzygium (Myrtaceae), and Terminalia (Combretaceae) in Myrtales. These fungal species include Chrysoporthe deuterocubensis, Celoporthe syzygii, Cel. eucalypti, Cel. guang-dongensis, Cel. cerciana, a new genus and two new species, as well as one new species of Aurifilum. These new taxa are hereby described as Parvosmorbus gen. nov., Par. eucalypti sp. nov., Par. guangdongensis sp. nov., and Aurifilum terminali sp. nov. Pathogenicity tests showed that the eight species of Cryphonectriaceae are pathogenic to two Eucalyptus hybrid seedlings, Melastoma sanguineum branches, and Psidium guajava and Syzygium jambos seedlings. Theoveralldatashowedthat Chr. deuterocubensis is the most aggressive, followed by Par. eucalypti. Significant differences in tolerance were observed between the two tested Eucalyptus hybrid genotypes, suggesting that disease-tolerant genotypes can be selected for disease management in the Eucalyptus industry.

Two new species of the genus Crangonyx Bate, 1859 (Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae) from the St. Marks River Basin with notes on the “Crangonyx floridanus complex”

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4691 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW G. CANNIZZARO ◽  
THOMAS R. SAWICKI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Leon County ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

Crangonyx ephemerus n. sp. and Crangonyx pseudoephemerus n. sp. are described from the headwaters of the St. Marks River in Leon County, Florida, based on detailed morphological and molecular comparisons with the closely related species Crangonyx floridanus Bousfield, 1963. The morphological and molecular data, including three species delimitation models, lend support to the hypothesis that the taxon C. floridanus sensu lato represents a species complex. Diagnostic morphological characteristics are highlighted and discussed within this group to assist in future morphological analyses. 

Colletotrichum dracaenigenum, a new species on Dracaena fragrans

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 491 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-157
Author(s):  
NAPALAI CHAIWAN ◽  
SAOWALUCK TIBPROMMA ◽  
RUVISHIKA S. JAYAWARDENA ◽  
AUSANA MAPOOK ◽  
DHANUSHKA N. WANASINGHE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Full Description ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Asexual Morphs ◽  
A New Species

During an investigation into the microfungi on Dracaena fragrans in Thailand, a saprobic taxon belonging to Glomerellaceae was collected. Based on morphological characterization and combined phylogenetic analyses of ITS, GAPDH, CHS-1, ACT and TUB2 sequence data from the sexual and asexual morphs our taxon was identified as a new species of Colletotrichum. Colletotrichum dracaenigenum sp. nov. is introduced here with a full description, colour photographs of morphological characteristics and a phylogenetic tree to show the placement of the new taxon in the gloeosporioides species complex.

Worms in the sand: Systematic revision of the Australian blindsnake Anilios leptosoma (Robb, 1972) species complex (Squamata: Scolecophidia: Typhlopidae) from the Geraldton Sandplain, with description of two new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4323 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
RYAN J. ELLIS ◽  
PAUL DOUGHTY ◽  
STEPHEN C. DONNELLAN ◽  
JULIE MARIN ◽  
NICOLAS VIDAL
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Small Range ◽  
North East ◽  
True Diversity ◽  
Two New Species

The blindsnake genus Anilios (formerly Ramphotyphlops) is the largest and most diverse genus of snakes in Australia with 45 currently recognized species. Recent molecular genetic studies of the genus have identified high levels of cryptic diversity within many taxa, suggesting true species diversity is greatly underestimated. Anilios leptosoma is a slender blindsnake endemic to the mid-west of Western Australia. Although morphological variation has been identified within the species in the past, the systematics and true diversity remained unstudied. Here we use recent molecular data to guide a reappraisal of morphology in order to provide a taxonomic revision of the A. leptosoma species complex. We redescribe A. leptosoma and describe two new species that occur to the south of most of true A. leptosoma’s distribution: A. systenos sp. nov. and A. obtusifrons sp. nov. Anilios systenos sp. nov. is known from the Geraldton region with the furthest record only 100 km to the north-east, a very small range for a species of snake. Anilios obtusifrons sp. nov. has an even smaller distribution, as it is only known from a small coastal area south of Kalbarri and may represent a range-restricted taxa. All species are genetically divergent from each other and can be distinguished by consistent morphological characteristics, including the shape of the snout, the termination point of the rostral cleft and number of mid-body scale rows and ventral scales. 

Hetaerina calverti (Odonata: Zygoptera: Calopterygidae) sp. nov., a new cryptic species of the American Rubyspot complex

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4766 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-497
Author(s):  
YESENIA MARGARITA VEGA-SÁNCHEZ ◽  
LUIS FELIPE MENDOZA-CUENCA ◽  
ANTONIO GONZÁLEZ-RODRÍGUEZ
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Taxonomic History ◽  
Variable Species ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Important Character ◽  
A New Species

Hetaerina americana Fabricius, 1798 has a long and irresolute taxonomic history. Several synonyms have been suggested (H. californica Hagen in Selys-Longchamps, 1859, H. basalis Hagen in Selys-Longchamps, 1859, H. texana Walsh, 1863, H. scelerata Walsh, 1863, etc.), related to the variation in the size of the wing spots as well as to the morphology of the male cerci. However, Calvert (1901) suggested that H. americana represents one variable species. Nevertheless, Vega-Sánchez et al. (2019) through a genetic and morphological analysis presented evidence to propose that H. americana represents a species complex. In the present work, we describe a new species that belongs to this complex: H. calverti sp. nov. The morphological characteristics by which males and females of H. calverti differ from H. americana are highlighted. The most important character for the differentiation of males is the shape of the cerci and the size of the individuals (when the two species are in sympatry). In females, the main differences are in the shape of the intersternites and the medio-dorsal carina of the last segment of the abdomen. Some generalities about the biology of the species are presented, including geographical distribution patterns and genetic divergence data. [urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F5C329AE-7A00-4979-8A0D-A13D869E54B1] 

scholarly journals A new chameleon of the Trioceros affinis species complex (Squamata, Chamaeleonidae) from Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-179
Author(s):  
Thore Koppetsch ◽  
Petr Nečas ◽  
Benjamin Wipfler
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Anterior Half ◽  
A New Species

A new species of chameleon, Trioceros wolfgangboehmeisp. nov., inhabiting the northern slopes of the Bale Mountains in Ethiopia, is described. It differs from its Ethiopian congeners by a combination of the following features: presence of a prominent dorsal crest with a low number of enlarged conical scales reaching along the anterior half of the tail as a prominent tail crest, a casque raised above the dorsal crest, heterogeneous body scalation, long canthus parietalis, rugose head scalation, high number of flank scales at midbody and unique hemipenial morphology. Based on morphological characteristics, phylogenetic discordances of previous studies and biogeographical patterns, this new species is assigned to the Trioceros affinis (Rüppell, 1845) species complex. An updated comprehensive key to the Trioceros found in Ethiopia is provided.

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