scholarly journals Evaluating species in Botryosphaeriales

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Zhang ◽  
J.Z. Groenewald ◽  
L. Lombard ◽  
R.K. Schumacher ◽  
A.J.L. Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Culture Collections ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Solid Foundation

The Botryosphaeriales (Dothideomycetes) includes numerous endophytic, saprobic, and plant pathogenic species associated with a wide range of symptoms, most commonly on woody plants. In a recent phylogenetic treatment of 499 isolates in the culture collection (CBS) of the Westerdijk Institute, we evaluated the families and genera accommodated in this order of important fungi. The present study presents multigene phylogenetic analyses for an additional 230 isolates, using ITS, tef1, tub2, LSU and rpb2 loci, in combination with morphological data. Based on these data, 58 species are reduced to synonymy, and eight novel species are described. They include Diplodia afrocarpi (Afrocarpus, South Africa), Dothiorella diospyricola (Diospyros, South Africa), Lasiodiplodia acaciae (Acacia, Indonesia), Neofusicoccum podocarpi (Podocarpus, South Africa), N. rapaneae (Rapanea, South Africa), Phaeobotryon ulmi (Ulmus, Germany), Saccharata grevilleae (Grevillea, Australia) and S. hakeiphila (Hakea, Australia). The results have clarified the identity of numerous isolates that lacked Latin binomials or had been deposited under incorrect names in the CBS collection in the past. They also provide a solid foundation for more in-depth future studies on taxa in the order. Sequences of the tef1, tub2 and rpb2 genes proved to be the most reliable markers. At the species level, results showed that the most informative genes were inconsistent, but that a combination of four candidate barcodes (ITS, tef1, tub2 and rpb2) provided reliable resolution. Furthermore, given the large number of additional isolates included in this study, and newly generated multigene DNA datasets, several species could also be reduced to synonymy. The study illustrates the value of reassessing the identity of older collections in culture collections utilising modern taxonomic frameworks and methods.

Free but fragile: Human relations amidst poverty and HIV in democratic South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Christina Landman
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Predominantly White ◽  
Black People ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
White People ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Black Township

Dullstroom-Emnotweni is the highest town in South Africa. Cold and misty, it is situated in the eastern Highveld, halfway between the capital Pretoria/Tswane and the Mozambique border. Alongside the main road of the white town, 27 restaurants provide entertainment to tourists on their way to Mozambique or the Kruger National Park. The inhabitants of the black township, Sakhelwe, are remnants of the Southern Ndebele who have lost their land a century ago in wars against the whites. They are mainly dependent on employment as cleaners and waitresses in the still predominantly white town. Three white people from the white town and three black people from the township have been interviewed on their views whether democracy has brought changes to this society during the past 20 years. Answers cover a wide range of views. Gratitude is expressed that women are now safer and HIV treatment available. However, unemployment and poverty persist in a community that nevertheless shows resilience and feeds on hope. While the first part of this article relates the interviews, the final part identifies from them the discourses that keep the black and white communities from forming a group identity that is based on equality and human dignity as the values of democracy.

Phylogeny of the Parmeliaceae–DNA Data Versus Morphological Data

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 463-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Eric Mattsson ◽  
Mats Wedin
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Hypogymnia Physodes ◽  
Nuclear Rdna ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rdna Sequence Data ◽  
Close Relationship

AbstractIn order to identify monophyletic groups within the family Parmeliaceae, eleven taxa (Bryoria capillaris, Cetraria islandica, Evernia pruniastri, Hypogymnia physodes, Parmelia saxatilis, Platismatia glauca, Pleurosticta acetabulum, Usneaflorida, Vulpicida juniperina, V. pinastri, and Xanthoparmelia conspersa) were studied using newly produced nuclear rDNA sequence data from the ITS and 5·8S regions. The resulting evolutionary hypothesis was compared with results from previous phylogenetic analyses based on anatomy, morphology, and chemistry. The outcome of this comparison does not support the earlier proposed phylogenies but is not stable enough for identifying monophyletic groups, with one exception. The results indicate a close relationship between Cetraria and Vulpicida, which is contradictory to previous published analyses. The variation in ascus structures in the Parmeliaceae is discussed and it is questioned whether the earlier distinguished ‘ forms ’ of ascus types represent synapomorphies, if they are based on poorly supported analyses, or if they are exaggerations of relatively slight variation in shape. Further interpretations of the results are discussed and areas of future studies based on DNA-data are suggested.

scholarly journals Description and Genome Analysis of Methylotetracoccus aquaticus sp. nov. , a Novel Tropical Wetland Methanotroph, with the Amended Description of Methylotetracoccus gen. nov.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monali Rahalkar ◽  
Kumal Khatri ◽  
Jyoti Mohite ◽  
Pranitha Pandit ◽  
Rahul Bahulikar
Keyword(s):  
Single Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Freshwater Wetland ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
Culture Collections ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
Fame Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fame Profile

We enriched and isolated a novel gammproteobacterial methanotroph; strain FWC3, from tropical freshwater wetland, near Nagaon beach, Alibag, India. FWC3 is a coccoid, flesh pink/peach pigmented, non-motile methanotroph and the cells are present in pairs and as tetracocci. The culture can grow on methane (20%) as well as on a wide range of methanol from concentrations (0.02%-5%). Based on the comparison of genome data, FAME analysis, morphological characters and biochemical characters, FWC3 belongs to the tentatively and newly but not validly described genus ‘Methylotetracoccus’ of which only a single species strain was described, Methylotetracoccus oryzae C50C1. The ANI index between FWC3 and C50C1 strains is 94%, and the DDH value is 55.7%, less than the cut-off values 96% and 70%, respectively. The genome size of FWC3 is smaller (3.4 Mbp) compared to that of C50C1 (4.8 Mbp). Additionally, the FAME profile of FWC3 shows differences in cell wall fatty acid profiles compared to Methylotetracoccus oryzae C50C1. Also, there are other differences on the morphological, physiological and genomic levels. We propose FWC3 to be a member of a novel species of the genus Methylotetracoccus, for which the name Methylotetracoccus aquaticus is proposed. Also, an amended description of the genus Methylotetracoccus gen. nov. is given here. FWC3 is available in two international culture collections with the accession numbers: MCC 4198 (Microbial Culture collection, India) and JCM 33786 (Japan Collection of Microorganisms, Japan).

A Note on Current South African Legal Periodicals and Law Reports

1978 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-294
Author(s):  
L. Davis
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Journal Publishing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Company Limited ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Law Reports

South Africa has a long tradition of law journal publishing. The Cape Law Journal was founded in 1884. Its name was changed to the South African Law Journal in 1901 and it has continued to appear ever since. Certain other journals commenced in the past, then either disappeared or now appear in another guise. For instance the South African Law Times was published for a few years in the 1930's only. Similarly Butterworths South African Law Review was the precursor to the current Acta Juridica. However, today a wide range of titles are published. Juta and Company Limited (P.O. Box 123, Kenwyn, Cape Province 7790) publishes the South African Law Journal and several other law and law-related periodicals and law reports. Another regular publisher of legal journals is Butterworths and Co. (S.A.) (Pty) Limited, (P.O. Box 792, Durban 4000).

scholarly journals Morphological and Genomic Features of the New Klosneuvirinae Isolate Fadolivirus IHUMI-VV54

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Andreani ◽  
Frederik Schulz ◽  
Fabrizio Di Pinto ◽  
Anthony Levasseur ◽  
Tanja Woyke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Translation System ◽  
Proton Pumps ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Successful Isolation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nucleocytoplasmic Large Dna Viruses

Since the discovery of Mimivirus, viruses with large genomes encoding components of the translation machinery and other cellular processes have been described as belonging to the nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses. Recently, genome-resolved metagenomics led to the discovery of more than 40 viruses that have been grouped together in a proposed viral subfamily named Klosneuvirinae. Members of this group had genomes of up to 2.4Mb in size and featured an expanded array of translation system genes. Yet, despite the large diversity of the Klosneuvirinae in metagenomic data, there are currently only two isolates available. Here, we report the isolation of a novel giant virus known as Fadolivirus from an Algerian sewage site and provide morphological data throughout its replication cycle in amoeba and a detailed genomic characterization. The Fadolivirus genome, which is more than 1.5Mb in size, encodes 1,452 predicted proteins and phylogenetic analyses place this viral isolate as a near relative of the metagenome assembled Klosneuvirus and Indivirus. The genome encodes for 66 tRNAs, 23 aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and a wide range of transcription factors, surpassing Klosneuvirus and other giant viruses. The Fadolivirus genome also encodes putative vacuolar-type proton pumps with the domains D and A, potentially constituting a virus-derived system for energy generation. The successful isolation of Fadolivirus will enable future hypothesis-driven experimental studies providing deeper insights into the biology of the Klosneuvirinae.

scholarly journals Tree inhabiting gnomoniaceous species from China, with Cryphogonomonia gen. nov. proposed

MycoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 71-89
Author(s):  
Qin Yang ◽  
Ning Jiang ◽  
Cheng-Ming Tian
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Polyphasic Approach ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Tree Diseases ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cultural Data

Species of Gnomoniaceae are commonly associated with leaf spot diseases of a wide range of plant hosts worldwide. During our investigation of fungi associated with tree diseases in China, several gnomoniaceous isolates were recovered from symptomatic branches and leaves on different woody plants in the Fagaceae, Pinaceae, and Salicaceae families. These isolates were studied by applying a polyphasic approach including morphological, cultural data, and phylogenetic analyses of partial ITS, LSU, tef1, rpb2 and tub2 gene sequences. As a result, three species were identified with characters fitting into the family Gnomoniaceae. One of these species is described herein as Cryphognomonia pinigen. et sp. nov., characterized by developed pseudostromata and ascospores with obvious hyaline sheath; Gnomoniopsis xunwuensissp. nov. is illustrated showing sympodially branched conidiophore, oval or fusiform conidia; and one known species, Plagiostoma populinum. The current study improves the understanding of gnomoniaceous species causing diebacks and leaf spot on ecological and economic forest trees.

scholarly journals Thermal Expansion Behavior in the A2M3O12 Family of Materials

Solids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-107
Author(s):  
Hongfei Liu ◽  
Weikang Sun ◽  
Zhiping Zhang ◽  
La’Nese Lovings ◽  
Cora Lind
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Negative Thermal Expansion ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Expansion Behavior ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anomalous Thermal Expansion ◽  
Published Research

Over the past several decades, research on anomalous thermal expansion materials has been rapidly growing, and increasing numbers of compounds exhibiting negative thermal expansion (NTE) have been reported. In particular, compounds with formula A2M3O12 have attracted considerable attention. A2M3O12 family materials offer a wide range of possible compositions due to the chemical flexibility of the A and M sites. According to published research, more than half of them possess NTE properties. This paper reviews the range of physical properties displayed by materials in the A2M3O12 family. Research on improving material imperfections and controlling the coefficient of thermal expansion in the A2M3O12 family are systematically summarized. Finally, challenges and questions about the developments of these A2M3O12 NTE compounds in future studies are also discussed.

scholarly journals A modern description of Crambionella stuhlmanni (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae) from St Lucia Estuary, South Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Neethling ◽  
Alan Channing ◽  
Lisa-Ann Gershwin ◽  
Mark J. Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Record ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Short Length ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Nuclear Its

A new record of Crambionella stuhlmanni is reported from the east coast of South Africa. The material is described using quantitative morphological data, and mitochondrial (CO1) and nuclear (ITS-1) sequence data. The species can be diagnosed by a combination of morphological features including the presence of conical projections on velar lappets, the absence of orbicular appendages among mouthlets and the short length of the terminal club on the oral arm. Mitochondrial sequence data unambiguously delineate C. stuhlmanni as a separate species from C. orsini, and phylogenetic analyses support its placement within the monophyletic genus, Crambionella.

scholarly journals Does any convex quadrilateral have circumscribed ellipses?

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1463-1476
Author(s):  
Jia Hui Li ◽  
Zhuo Qun Wang ◽  
Yi Xi Shen ◽  
Zhong Yuan Dai
Keyword(s):  
Projective Transformation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Conic Sections ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Construction Engineering ◽  
The Past ◽  
Convex Quadrilateral ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The past decades have witnessed several well-known beautiful conclusions on four con-cyclic points. With highly promising research value, we profoundly studied circumscribed ellipses of convex quadrilaterals in this paper. Using tools of parallel projective transformation and analytic geometry, we derived several theorems including the proof of the existence of circumscribed ellipses of convex quadrilaterals, the properties of its minimal coverage area, and locus center, respectively. This simple approach lays a solid foundation for its application to three-dimensional situations, which is namely the circumscribed quadric surface of a solid figure and its wide-range utility in construction engineering. Meanwhile, we have a new insight into innate connection of conic sections as well as a taste of beauty and harmony of geometry.

Fasciola species and their vertebrate and snail intermediate hosts in East and Southern Africa: a review

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Malatji ◽  
D.M. Pfukenyi ◽  
S. Mukaratirwa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
East African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Galba Truncatula ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract A systematic review was conducted focusing on the distribution of Fasciola species and their snail intermediate hosts (IHs) in East and Southern Africa. The reviewed literature showed that both Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica are present in East and Southern Africa, and infect a wide range of domestic and wild ruminants. Fasciola gigantica was reported in six East African and five Southern African countries, where Radix natalensis (found in low altitudes) was reported to be the main IH. Fasciola hepatica was reported in Tanzania and Ethiopia (East Africa), and in South Africa and Zimbabwe (Southern Africa), where Galba truncatula (found in high altitudes) was documented as the IH in all countries except in Zimbabwe. Both Fasciola species were documented in Tanzania, Ethiopia, Zimbabwe and South Africa. An overlap of the two was observed in areas with an intermediate altitude in Ethiopia and South Africa, where Pseudosuccinea columella was widespread and assumed to transmit both species. Pseudosuccinea columella has been reported in South Africa and Namibia, and proven to transmit F. gigantica in South Africa; its role in Namibia in the transmission of Fasciola species has not been reported. Other lymnaeid species such as R. rubiginosa were reported in South Africa, and R. auricularia in South Africa and Botswana; their role in the transmission of Fasciola species has not been proven. Future studies should aim to determine the role of P. columella in the geographical spread of the two species in East and Southern African countries.

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