scholarly journals SPECIAL ASPECTS OF THE PARAMETERS ASSESSMENT OF COMMUNICATION CHANNELS OF UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEMS CLASSI AND II

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
V. Ilienko ◽  
O. Isachenko ◽  
A. Los ◽  
M. Gerashchenko ◽  
S. Rudnichenko
Keyword(s):  
Communication Channels ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Class I ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Electronic Warfare ◽  
Aerial Systems

Considering the lack of standard test methods for communication channels of modern unmanned aerial systems (UAS) class I and II, according to the UAS classification of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, it was decided to work out the basic approaches for determining indicators, conditions and procedure for conducting tests in this direction. The suggested methodological recommendations will improve the quality of the parameters and characteristics assessment for communication channels of UAS I and II classes. One of the distinctive trends in the development of modern forms and methods of conducting armed combat at all stages of the armed conflict is the widespread use of the UASs by opposing parties. UASs are capable of significant increasing the effectiveness of accomplishing aerial reconnaissance tasks, organizing electronic warfare, and providing real-time delivery of target pinpointing to fire means for the destruction of enemy’s manpower and material. A distinctive feature of UAS is that its external crew, as a rule, accomplish its mission at a considerable distance from the objects of attack. This fact significantly reduces the security risks and threats associated with performing combat missions under conditions of active enemy counteraction. Due to this feature, considerable attention is paid to the development of a reliable communication system that would be able to ensure task accomplishment at the maximum distance from command and control site. During the tests of UAS Class I and II, the specialists of the State Scientific Research Institute of Armament and Military Equipment Testing and Certification used testing methods of radio channels assessment, which will allow to improve the quality of UAS research of this type and give the manufacturers recommendations for increasing their capabilities.

scholarly journals Comparison of Two Intergranular Corrosion Tests on EN AW-6016 Sheet Material

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5294
Author(s):  
Peer Decker ◽  
Ines Zerbin ◽  
Luisa Marzoli ◽  
Marcel Rosefort
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Intergranular Corrosion ◽  
Sheet Material ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Corrosion Depth ◽  
Corrosion Tests ◽  
Automotive Company ◽  
Test Parameters

Two different intergranular corrosion tests were performed on EN AW-6016 sheet material, an ISO 11846:1995-based test with varying solution amounts and acid concentrations, and a standard test of an automotive company (PV1113, VW-Audi). The average intergranular corrosion depth was determined via optical microscopy. The differences in the intergranular corrosion depths were then discussed with regard to the applicability and quality of the two different test methods. The influence of varying test parameters for ISO 11846:1995 was discussed as well. The determined IGC depths were found to be strongly dependent on the testing parameters, which will therefore have a pronounced influence on the determined IGC susceptibility of a material. In general, ISO 11846:1995 tests resulted in a significantly lower corrosion speed, and the corrosive attack was found to be primarily along grain boundaries.

Unmanned Air Systems in the Armed Forces, Estimating the Risk of Their Use

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leszek Cwojdziński ◽  
Hanna Dzido ◽  
Tomasz Łodygowski
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Technical Data ◽  
Financial Benefits ◽  
The Face ◽  
High Level ◽  
Aerial Systems ◽  
Development Prospects

The change in the nature of armed conflicts forced a change in the way they were conducted and the need to develop new types of weapons. The article presents the basic assumptions regarding the use and development prospects of unmanned flying systems. Tactical and technical data of the leading structures are presented. At the same time, the directions of development and use of combat air systems in future armed conflicts were presented. It was pointed out that unmanned aerial systems, the use of which brings significant financial benefits, are the type of weapon that has recently been gaining in importance in the most spectacular way, transforming the face of armed conflicts. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles as part of training tasks and combat missions forces the continuous development of personnel in the field of skills related to hazard identification and assessment. This process requires professionals with a high level of substantive preparation and extensive aviation experience, who will increase the awareness of RPA operators in terms of the essence and the need to analyze and estimate risk. On the basis of analyzes and comparisons, the authors proposed that the development work and the construction of elements and the system (CUAS) to combat UAV become an opportunity for the development of national research institutes and the defense industry, and also Polish export product.

Priorities for development of standard test methods to support the commercialization of cellulose nanomaterials

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHANIE BECK ◽  
COLLEEN WALKER ◽  
WARREN BATCHELOR
Keyword(s):  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Technical Committee ◽  
Task Group ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Control Production ◽  
Cellulose Nanomaterials ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
Physical And Chemical

With the growing number of producers and users of cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs), there is an increasing need to develop standard test methods to control production and quality of CNMs. In 2014, a Task Group was formed within the ISO Technical Committee 6 Paper, board and pulps to begin addressing the need for standards. This Task Group, TG 1, was tasked with reviewing existing standards and identifying the need for additional standards to characterize CNMs. In March 2018, TG 1 launched a survey to ask CNM producers around the world about the importance of having standard procedures to measure and quantify a variety of CNM properties, both physical and chemical. Producers were asked to identify the type(s) of CNM they produced and their scale of production, and to rank the properties for which they felt standard test methods were most important. In this paper, we summarize the survey responses and identify those properties of highest interest for producers of both cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nano- and microfibril-based materials (CNFs/CMFs). Properties of importance can be divided into three broad groups: i) a standard has either been developed or is under development, ii) a currently used standard could be adapted for use with CNMs, or iii) no standard is currently available and further R&D and consultation with industry is needed before a suitable and well-validated standard can be developed. The paper also examines the challenges of developing new standard methods for some of the key properties—as well as the feasibility and limitations of adapting exiting standards—to CNMs.

scholarly journals Assessing the Ability of Image Based Point Clouds Captured from a UAV to Measure the Terrain in the Presence of Canopy Cover

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Wallace ◽  
Chris Bellman ◽  
Bryan Hally ◽  
Jaime Hernandez ◽  
Simon Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Surface ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Image Capture ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Processing Strategies ◽  
Aerial Systems

Point clouds captured from Unmanned Aerial Systems are increasingly relied upon to provide information describing the structure of forests. The quality of the information derived from these point clouds is dependent on a range of variables, including the type and structure of the forest, weather conditions and flying parameters. A key requirement to achieve accurate estimates of height based metrics describing forest structure is a source of ground information. This study explores the availability and reliability of ground surface points available within point clouds captured in six forests of different structure (canopy cover and height), using three image capture and processing strategies, consisting of nadir, oblique and composite nadir/oblique image networks. The ground information was extracted through manual segmentation of the point clouds as well as through the use of two commonly used ground filters, LAStools lasground and the Cloth Simulation Filter. The outcomes of these strategies were assessed against ground control captured with a Total Station. Results indicate that a small increase in the number of ground points captured (between 0 and 5% of a 10 m radius plot) can be achieved through the use of a composite image network. In the case of manually identified ground points, this reduced the root mean square error (RMSE) error of the terrain model by between 1 and 11 cm, with greater reductions seen in plots with high canopy cover. The ground filters trialled were not able to exploit the extra information in the point clouds and inconsistent results in terrain RMSE were obtained across the various plots and imaging network configurations. The use of a composite network also provided greater penetration into the canopy, which is likely to improve the representation of mid-canopy elements.

scholarly journals Direct-Visual-Operation Support System for Unmanned Construction

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Shohei Yamaguchi ◽  
Yoshihiro Sato ◽  
Shota Funaki ◽  
Atsutoshi Kurihara ◽  
Satoru Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Support System ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Work Efficiency ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Switching Operation ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Construction Machine ◽  
Aerial Systems

Introduction: Unmanned construction through direct visual operation is performed to ensure the safety of workers at construction sites. In direct visual operation, although the equipment is simple and easy to install, the work efficiency and accuracy are reduced because of the lack of view and perspective obtained from boarding a construction machine. For solving this problem, images sent from multiple cameras, Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) attached to the construction equipment and the images obtained from boarding a construction machine, as well as blind spots are confirmed by displaying them on the monitor at hand. However, the working efficiency is lowered by the restrictions on the utilization range of the camera monitor, switching operation of the camera, and gaze movement between the construction machine and the monitor. Methods: For solving the problem of low work efficiency and accuracy of the conventional system, this paper proposes a support system for a direct visual operation that does not require monitor installation and gaze movement and enables intuitive camera switching operation by using a transmissive Head Mounted Display (HMD) and a stereo camera robot. Results and Conclusion: The results of the experiment conducted using a remote-controlled backhoe show that unskilled operators can perform the same quality of work as skilled operators, and work efficiency and accuracy was improved by 44.2% and 37.8%, respectively compared to the conventional system. This confirms the usefulness of the proposed system, especially for unskilled operators.

scholarly journals The Effect of Environmental Conditions on the Quality of UAS Orthophoto-Maps in the Coastal Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Michaela Doukari ◽  
Stelios Katsanevakis ◽  
Nikolaos Soulakellis ◽  
Konstantinos Topouzelis
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Rough Sea Surface ◽  
Thematic Accuracy ◽  
Aerial Systems ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

Marine conservation and management require detailed and accurate habitat mapping, which is usually produced by collecting data using remote sensing methods. In recent years, unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are used for marine data acquisition, as they provide detailed and reliable information through very high-resolution orthophoto-maps. However, as for all remotely sensed data, it is important to study and understand the accuracy and reliability of the produced maps. In this study, the effect of different environmental conditions on the quality of UAS orthophoto-maps was examined through a positional and thematic accuracy assessment. Selected objects on the orthophoto-maps were also assessed as to their position, shape, and extent. The accuracy assessment results showed significant errors in the different maps and objects. The accuracy of the classified images varied between 2.1% and 27%. Seagrasses were under-classified, while the mixed substrate class was overclassified when environmental conditions were not optimal. The highest misclassifications were caused due to sunglint presence in combination with a rough sea-surface. A change detection workflow resulted in detecting misclassifications of up to 45%, on orthophoto-maps that had been generated under non-optimal environmental conditions. The results confirmed the importance of optimal conditions for the acquisition of reliable marine information using UAS.

Investigation of Plasticizing Admixtures Used in Hungarian Building Industry

2008 ◽  
Vol 589 ◽  
pp. 439-444
Author(s):  
Márton Takács
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Flow Table ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Increased Strength ◽  
Work Effect ◽  
Chemical Materials

There is no doubt that concrete makes a massive contribution to sustaining the quality of life. Properties of concrete can be expediently modified by adding special chemical materials called admixtures. Admixtures for concrete are now widely accepted as materials that contribute to the production of durable and cost-effective concrete structures [1]. Plasticizing admixtures reduce water needed to achieve a given workability of the fresh mix. This main effect can be utilized in three ways: increased strength, increased workability, or economies in mix design [2]. In this research work effect of type and dosage of different plasticizing admixtures available in Hungary were investigated in detail. Standard test methods such as flow table test, compressive test, and shrinkage test were applied to obtain effectiveness of the admixtures. Results were compared with the requirements of the harmonized admixture standard MSZ EN 934-2:2002.

scholarly journals Combating the Current Pandemic and Preparing for the Next: Lessons Learned From the COVID-19 Pandemic From the Perspective of Deployed Special Operations Forces

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J Scheiber ◽  
Lemar M Simmons ◽  
Richard D Neading ◽  
Casey F Becker ◽  
Tyler R Scarborough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Special Operations ◽  
Special Operations Forces ◽  
Aerial Systems ◽  
Host Nation ◽  
Operational Capacity

ABSTRACT The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to be a threat to global health, including the health of deployed armed forces. Servicemembers had to adjust to the “new normal” while maintaining the interests of the nation’s security as well as that of our host nation partners. This commentary examines how Special Operations Forces operating within four different regions worldwide leveraged the challenges presented by the onset of this pandemic in maintaining stability, sustaining a ready force, and operating forward deployed. Deployed forces face constant difficulties with logistical support, varied medical resources access and a medical system predominantly focused on trauma care. At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic there was little guidance specific to these circumstances which required an improvised adaptation of the recommendations set by national and Department of Defense medical authorities. Plans were constantly revised to match the ever changing medical and operational environment. Strategies such as the “Bubble Philosophy” and tiered force protection measures helped our units to maintain a rigorous training cycle. New methods of communication and training with our host nation partners such as the use of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) platforms to survey host nation training became standard. Through these measures all of our forces were able to maintain operational capacity, protect the force, and maintain rapport with the host nations. We hope these experiences will provide a rough framework for future forces faced with a similar struggle. We also want to stress that challenges vary depending on the area of operations and the pathogen responsible for the pandemic. Any feedback and collaboration that may come from this work is appreciated and encouraged.

scholarly journals The appraisal of Testing centre of the JSC “The URIR named after A. S. Berezhnoy” on compliance of the measurement management system with requirements of the ДСТУ ISO 10012:2005

2019 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 122-126
Author(s):  
P. O. Kushchenko ◽  
O. V. Dunikov ◽  
V. V. Varganov
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Current Standards

For many years, the refractory and refractory raw materials have been successfully tested at the Testing centre of the JSC “The URIR named after A. S. Berezhnoy” for the orders of manufacturers and consumers of refractory products and for the institute’s own needs. Testing of refractory products is carried out in order to determine the physicochemical, physico­mechanical, thermophysical and thermomechanical properties and assess the quality of refractories and refractory raw materials. When conducting tests of refractories in the Testing centre of institute, standard test methods are used in accordance with the current standards in Ukraine and the methods developed at the institute. In this article, features of the measurement management system in Testing centre of the JSC “The URIR named after A. S. Berezhnoy” and results of the appraisal of Testing centre of the institute are adduced.

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