scholarly journals Fluctuations of fMRI activation patterns in visual object priming

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
Bingbing Guo ◽  
◽  
Zhengang Lu ◽  
Jessica E. Goold ◽  
Huan Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Face Area ◽  
Object Priming

Prior information shapes how the brain processes sensory inputs (e.g., priming effects). Recent studies of "behavioral oscillation” have demonstrated that the effects of visual object primes are temporally coordinated in the theta band to guide perception efficiently. However, the neural mechanism underlying this dynamic processing remains unclear. Here, we combine functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a time-resolved paradigm to access high-temporal-resolution profiles of brain activation fluctuations corresponding to "behavioral oscillation" in visual object priming. Specifically, multivoxel activity patterns in the fusiform face area (FFA) and the parahippocampal place area (PPA) show temporal fluctuations in the theta band (~ 5 Hz). Importantly, the theta-band power in the FFA negatively correlates with reaction time, further indicating the critical role of the observed fluctuations in brain activation. By finely mapping the temporal dynamics of cortical responses, our fMRI results demonstrate that category-selective brain areas underlie the rhythmic coordination of visual object processing.

scholarly journals Fluctuations of fMRI activation patterns reveal theta-band dynamics of visual object priming

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingbing Guo ◽  
Zhengang Lu ◽  
Jessica E. Goold ◽  
Huan Luo ◽  
Ming Meng
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Temporal Fluctuations ◽  
Face Area ◽  
Object Priming

ABSTRACTThe brain dynamically creates predictions about upcoming stimuli to guide perception efficiently. Recent behavioral results suggest theta-band oscillations contribute to this prediction process, however litter is known about the underlying neural mechanism. Here, we combine fMRI and a time-resolved psychophysical paradigm to access fine temporal-scale profiles of the fluctuations of brain activation patterns corresponding to visual object priming. Specifically, multi-voxel activity patterns in the fusiform face area (FFA) and the parahippocampal place area (PPA) show temporal fluctuations at a theta-band (~5 Hz) rhythm. Importantly, the theta-band power in the FFA negatively correlates with reaction time, further indicating the critical role of the observed cortical theta oscillations. Moreover, alpha-band (~10 Hz) shows a dissociated spatial distribution, mainly linked to the occipital cortex. These findings, to our knowledge, are the first fMRI study that indicates temporal fluctuations of multi-voxel activity patterns and that demonstrates theta and alpha rhythms in relevant brain areas.

scholarly journals The temporal dynamics of visual object priming

2014 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip C. Ko ◽  
Bryant Duda ◽  
Erin P. Hussey ◽  
Emily J. Mason ◽  
Brandon A. Ally
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Object Priming

scholarly journals Metastable attractors explain the variable timing of stable behavioral action sequences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Recanatesi ◽  
Ulises Pereira ◽  
Masayoshi Murakami ◽  
Zachary Mainen ◽  
Luca Mazzucato
Keyword(s):  
Markov Models ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Recurrent Network ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Timing Variability ◽  
Neural Ensemble ◽  
Low Dimensional ◽  
Ensemble Activity

ABSTRACTNatural animal behavior displays rich lexical and temporal dynamics, even in a stable environment. The timing of self-initiated actions shows large variability even when they are executed in reliable, well-learned sequences. To elucidate the neural mechanism underlying this mix of reliability and stochasticity, we trained rats to perform a stereotyped sequence of self-initiated actions and recorded neural ensemble activity in secondary motor cortex (M2), known to reflect trial-by-trial action timing fluctuations. Using hidden Markov models, we established a dictionary between ensemble activity patterns and actions. We then showed that metastable attractors, with a reliable sequential structure yet high transition timing variability, could be produced by coupling a high-dimensional recurrent network and a low-dimensional feedforward one. Transitions between attractors in our model were generated by correlated variability arising from the feedback loop between the two networks. This mechanism predicted aligned, low-dimensional noise correlations that were empirically verified in M2 ensembles. Our work establishes a novel framework for investigating the circuit origins of self-initiated behavior based on correlated variability.

scholarly journals The effects of visual object priming on brain activation before and after recognition

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 1017-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. James ◽  
G.Keith Humphrey ◽  
Joseph S. Gati ◽  
Ravi S. Menon ◽  
Melvyn A. Goodale
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activation ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Object Priming

scholarly journals Aldehyde-specific responses of olfactory sensory neurons in the praying mantis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kota Ezaki ◽  
Takashi Yamashita ◽  
Thomas Carle ◽  
Hidehiro Watanabe ◽  
Fumio Yokohari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Response Spectra ◽  
Olfactory Cues ◽  
Olfactory Sensory Neurons ◽  
Praying Mantis ◽  
Pheromonal Communication ◽  
Class B ◽  
Excitatory Responses

AbstractAlthough praying mantises rely mainly on vision for predatory behaviours, olfaction also plays a critical role in feeding and mating behaviours. However, the receptive processes underlying olfactory signals remain unclear. Here, we identified olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) that are highly tuned to detect aldehydes in the mantis Tenodera aridifolia. In extracellular recordings from OSNs in basiconic sensilla on the antennae, we observed three different spike shapes, indicating that at least three OSNs are housed in a single basiconic sensillum. Unexpectedly, one of the three OSNs exhibited strong excitatory responses to a set of aldehydes. Based on the similarities of the response spectra to 15 different aldehydes, the aldehyde-specific OSNs were classified into three classes: B, S, and M. Class B broadly responded to most aldehydes used as stimulants; class S responded to short-chain aldehydes (C3–C7); and class M responded to middle-length chain aldehydes (C6–C9). Thus, aldehyde molecules can be finely discriminated based on the activity patterns of a population of OSNs. Because many insects emit aldehydes for pheromonal communication, mantises might use aldehydes as olfactory cues for locating prey habitat.

scholarly journals A statistics-based temporal filter algorithm to map spatiotemporally continuous shortwave albedo from MODIS data

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 2121-2129 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. F. Liu ◽  
Q. Liu ◽  
L. Z. Wang ◽  
S. L. Liang ◽  
J. G. Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Surface Albedo ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Radiant Energy ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Land Surface Parameter ◽  
Temporal Filter ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

Abstract. Land-surface albedo plays a critical role in the earth's radiant energy budget studies. Satellite remote sensing provides an effective approach to acquire regional and global albedo observations. Owing to cloud coverage, seasonal snow and sensor malfunctions, spatiotemporally continuous albedo datasets are often inaccessible. The Global LAnd Surface Satellite (GLASS) project aims at providing a suite of key land surface parameter datasets with high temporal resolution and high accuracy for a global change study. The GLASS preliminary albedo datasets are global daily land-surface albedo generated by an angular bin algorithm (Qu et al., 2013). Like other products, the GLASS preliminary albedo datasets are affected by large areas of missing data; beside, sharp fluctuations exist in the time series of the GLASS preliminary albedo due to data noise and algorithm uncertainties. Based on the Bayesian theory, a statistics-based temporal filter (STF) algorithm is proposed in this paper to fill data gaps, smooth albedo time series, and generate the GLASS final albedo product. The results of the STF algorithm are smooth and gapless albedo time series, with uncertainty estimations. The performance of the STF method was tested on one tile (H25V05) and three ground stations. Results show that the STF method has greatly improved the integrity and smoothness of the GLASS final albedo product. Seasonal trends in albedo are well depicted by the GLASS final albedo product. Compared with MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) product, the GLASS final albedo product has a higher temporal resolution and more competence in capturing the surface albedo variations. It is recommended that the quality flag should be always checked before using the GLASS final albedo product.

scholarly journals Nonlinear visuoauditory integration in the mouse superior colliculus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinya Ito ◽  
Yufei Si ◽  
Alan M. Litke ◽  
David A. Feldheim
Keyword(s):  
Superior Colliculus ◽  
Sensory Integration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Object Identification ◽  
Response Properties ◽  
The Individual

AbstractSensory information from different modalities is processed in parallel, and then integrated in associative brain areas to improve object identification and the interpretation of sensory experiences. The Superior Colliculus (SC) is a midbrain structure that plays a critical role in integrating visual, auditory, and somatosensory input to assess saliency and promote action. Although the response properties of the individual SC neurons to visuoauditory stimuli have been characterized, little is known about the spatial and temporal dynamics of the integration at the population level. Here we recorded the response properties of SC neurons to spatially restricted visual and auditory stimuli using large-scale electrophysiology. We then created a general, population-level model that explains the spatial, temporal, and intensity requirements of stimuli needed for sensory integration. We found that the mouse SC contains topographically organized visual and auditory neurons that exhibit nonlinear multisensory integration. We show that nonlinear integration depends on properties of auditory but not visual stimuli. We also find that a heuristically derived nonlinear modulation function reveals conditions required for sensory integration that are consistent with previously proposed models of sensory integration such as spatial matching and the principle of inverse effectiveness.

Neuronal Function in the Cortical Face Perception Network

2013 ◽  
pp. 171-182
Author(s):  
Bin Wang ◽  
Tianyi Yan ◽  
Jinglong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Face Perception ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Lateral Side ◽  
Face Area ◽  
Object Categories ◽  
Neural Representations ◽  
Perceptual Skill ◽  
Multiple Regions

Face perception is considered the most developed visual perceptual skill in humans. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have graphically illustrated that multiple regions exhibit a stronger neural response to faces than to other visual object categories, which were specialized for face processing. These regions are in the lateral side of the fusiform gyrus, the “fusiform face area” or FFA, in the inferior occipital gyri, the “occipital face area” or OFA, and in the superior temporal sulcus (pSTS). These regions are supposed to perform the visual analysis of faces and appear to participate differentially in different types of face perception. An important question is how faces are represented within these areas. In this chapter, the authors review the function, interaction, and topography of these regions relevant to face perception. They also discuss the human neural systems that mediate face perception and attempt to show some research dictions for face perception and neural representations.

scholarly journals Prestimulus feedback connectivity biases the content of visual experiences

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (32) ◽  
pp. 16056-16061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elie Rassi ◽  
Andreas Wutz ◽  
Nadia Müller-Voggel ◽  
Nathan Weisz
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Neural Excitability ◽  
Gamma Frequency ◽  
Face Area ◽  
Oscillatory Power ◽  
The Impact

Ongoing fluctuations in neural excitability and in networkwide activity patterns before stimulus onset have been proposed to underlie variability in near-threshold stimulus detection paradigms—that is, whether or not an object is perceived. Here, we investigated the impact of prestimulus neural fluctuations on the content of perception—that is, whether one or another object is perceived. We recorded neural activity with magnetoencephalography (MEG) before and while participants briefly viewed an ambiguous image, the Rubin face/vase illusion, and required them to report their perceived interpretation in each trial. Using multivariate pattern analysis, we showed robust decoding of the perceptual report during the poststimulus period. Applying source localization to the classifier weights suggested early recruitment of primary visual cortex (V1) and ∼160-ms recruitment of the category-sensitive fusiform face area (FFA). These poststimulus effects were accompanied by stronger oscillatory power in the gamma frequency band for face vs. vase reports. In prestimulus intervals, we found no differences in oscillatory power between face vs. vase reports in V1 or in FFA, indicating similar levels of neural excitability. Despite this, we found stronger connectivity between V1 and FFA before face reports for low-frequency oscillations. Specifically, the strength of prestimulus feedback connectivity (i.e., Granger causality) from FFA to V1 predicted not only the category of the upcoming percept but also the strength of poststimulus neural activity associated with the percept. Our work shows that prestimulus network states can help shape future processing in category-sensitive brain regions and in this way bias the content of visual experiences.

Saliency-based Rhythmic Coordination of Perceptual Predictions

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaoli Huang ◽  
Huan Luo
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Behavioral Profile ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Attentional Process ◽  
Behavioral Measurement ◽  
Processing Resources ◽  
Rhythmic Coordination ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Different Levels

Objects, shown explicitly or held in mind internally, compete for limited processing resources. Recent studies have demonstrated that attention samples locations and objects rhythmically. Interestingly, periodic sampling not only operates over objects in the same scene but also occurs for multiple perceptual predictions that are held in attention for incoming inputs. However, how the brain coordinates perceptual predictions that are endowed with different levels of bottom–up saliency information remains unclear. To address the issue, we used a fine-grained behavioral measurement to investigate the temporal dynamics of processing of high- and low-salient visual stimuli, which have equal possibility to occur within experimental blocks. We demonstrate that perceptual predictions associated with different levels of saliency are organized via a theta-band rhythmic course and are optimally processed in different phases within each theta-band cycle. Meanwhile, when the high- and low-salient stimuli are presented in separate blocks and thus not competing with each other, the periodic behavioral profile is no longer present. In summary, our findings suggest that attention samples and coordinates multiple perceptual predictions through a theta-band rhythm according to their relative saliency. Our results, in combination with previous studies, advocate the rhythmic nature of attentional process.

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