scholarly journals Features of Dramatic History and Neo-Classicist Elements in Ben Jonson’s Fragment Mortimer His Fall

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
В.А. Рогатин
Keyword(s):  
Ben Jonson ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Central Path ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Roman Tragedies ◽  
King John

В статье рассматривается дифференциация и эволюция драматических жанров в конце XVI —начале XVII века в репертуаре английских театров. Отправной точкой нашего исследования служит фрагмент в посмертном собрании Бена Джонсона (1572–1637) наброска «Падение Мортимера», о котором издатель сообщает как о пьесе, не завершенной автором и относящейся к последним месяцам его жизни. Жанр елизаветинской трагедии характеризуется нами как относительно стабильный в течение целого десятилетия. Исходя из наличия у большинства этих пьес содержательных, структурных и художественных особенностей, проверяется принадлежность сцен о Мортимере и Эдуарде III к данной традиции. Анализ фабулы и способов раскрытия основного конфликта в контексте творчества Джонсона и в его отношении к современному театру, прежде всего к шекспировским пьесам, показывает, что незаконченная пьеса «Падение Мортимера» могла быть задумана в период относительного затишья в театральной жизни в середине 1610-х годов. В ней настойчиво реализуются принципы неоклассицизма и отхода от смешения стилевых регистров, которые были характерны для исторических хроник. Ограниченный диапазон действующих лиц, присутствие хоров и групповой диалог, отход от психологической трактовки героя и других персонажей — всё это позволяет заключить, что целью Б. Джонсона было возрождение трагического с национальным содержанием в формах, предписанных античностью. Abstract. The object of analysis is the short-lived, yet unique genre of English dramatic history at the turn of the 16th–187th cc. Emerging in the early years of Elizabeth I’s reign, the history served as a secular replacement of medieval mysteries. The chief features linking histories with the familiar genre of the pre-Reformation tradition were as follows: (1) presence of stock characters; (2) transparent message to the broader audience (religious or national); (3) alternation of low and lofty scenes to provide variety and spectacular turns. At the top of its development, in the 1590s, the history obtained stability of content and diction in the series of William Shakespeare’s tetralogies, to which King John and All’s Trues served as a prologue and epilogue. It would be wrong to exclude Ben Jonson, in so many ways linked to Shakespeare’s work and fame, from participation in the genre practice. Even though he did not contribute dramatized chronicles of Britain’s past for the stage, he tried his hand in Roman tragedies and each conformed to at least two of the features above. In close reading of the surviving part of Ben Jonson’s Mortimer His Fall we distinguish an echo of Elizabethan central path in history, yet evidence of increased Classicist tendencies is much stronger, which suggests new grounds for dating this dramatic sketch.

The care of the royal tombs in english cathedrals in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries: the case of the effigy of King John at Worcester

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 365-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
S D Church
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Duty Of Care ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Short Discussion ◽  
The Road ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Burden Of Caring ◽  
King John

AbstractThe medieval history of the celebrated tomb of King John at Worcester is now well known. The works of Charles Alfred Stothard at the beginning of the nineteenth century, of William St John Hope in the early years of the twentieth century, and that of Jane Martindale at the end of that century, are highlights along the road of our understanding of the royal effigy in its medieval context. But all the while this work of comprehension was going on, those who had a duty of care over the tomb were engaged in a battle to offload that responsibility. The authorities at Worcester were not alone in wondering who should carry the burden of caring for royal monuments in English cathedrals. As early as 1841, the question of the care of royal tombs in Westminster Abbey had come under Parliamentary scrutiny. The deans and chapters at Canterbury and at Gloucester also sought government subvention for the care of the royal tombs in their cathedrals. The history of this debate about the care of royal sepulchral monuments forms the wider framework for the main theme of this article, which is an examination in detail of the ways in which King John’s tomb at Worcester was treated between 1872 and 1930. It reveals a remarkable story in which a catalogue of disastrous decisions came to give us the tomb and effigy as we have them today. The article concludes with a short discussion of the introduction of the 1990 Care of Cathedrals Measure which established the structures that currently exist (with subsequent amendments) for the preservation of Anglican cathedral churches in use.

Voices from the Far North: Pauper Letters and the Provision of Welfare in Sutherland, 1845–1900

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Jones ◽  
Steven King
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Far North ◽  
Clear Sense ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Official Sources ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fundamental Shift

AbstractThis article explores the changing relationship between paupers and the parish authorities in Tongue, in the far north of Scotland, between the passing of the Scottish New Poor Law in 1845 and the end of the nineteenth century. It does so by focusing on Scottish pauper letters and petitions for relief. Such sources, though relatively abundant in the archives, have so far been ignored by welfare historians. The article begins with a discussion of the trials of Tongue's poor crofting community in the early years of the century, the impact of widespread land clearance, and the dislocation of long-established communities. Following on from this, through a close reading of pauper appeals alongside other official sources the authors demonstrate that, despite persistent hardship and inadequate resources, the relationship between paupers and the parish authorities changed markedly over the period. An attitude of supplication and entreaty, rooted in Highland traditions of deference and reflective of a rigid social hierarchy, gave way to a clear sense of entitlement and an expectation that paupers' appeals would—indeed, must—be heard toward the end of the century. This fundamental shift mirrored, and was profoundly influenced by, wider agitation among crofting communities for change.

The Death of John Comyn: What Was Going On?

2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-224
Author(s):  
Alexander Grant
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Intended Audience ◽  
Government Documents ◽  
Hard Evidence ◽  
Political Compromise ◽  
King John

The aim of this article is to explore in depth what was ‘going on’ - as opposed to simply what ‘happened’ - when John Comyn was killed by Robert Bruce in Dumfries on 10 February 1306, in one of the most dra-matic and pivotal events in Scotland's history. It divides into two parts. The first considers the main medieval sources. These were of course all written after the event, and so are invariably coloured by hindsight and what is nowadays called ‘spin’; hence they are not ‘true’ accounts but constructed narratives. Their treatment here aims to elucidate what each author was trying to present to his intended audience. The article deals with, in turn: the narratives in the English government documents produced in the killing's aftermath; the near-contemporary English chronicle narrratives; the rather later Scottish chronicle narratives; some additional Scottish narra-tives found within certain poems; and finally the lay-authored Scalacronica, which has a significantly different perspective from other English chroni-cles. In general, the narratives are revealingly complex; despite their slants, they are far from being exercises in crude propaganda. And, significantly, the Scottish chronicles (especially Wyntoun) and Scalacronica give emphasis to the fact that the victim of the killing, John Comyn, was the nephew of King John Balliol and grandson of Dervorguilla, lady of Galloway, and thus was a leading member of the senior Scottish royal line. Moreover, close reading of ‘The Scottish poem’ in Liber Extravagans (appended to Bower's Scotichronicon) reveals a contemporary plea for John Comyn to become king of Scots. In the second half of the article, the implications of this ‘Comyn-for-king’ concept are pursued. None of the standard accounts of the period pays serious attention to Comyn's royal descent; discussions of the killing invariably focus on Robert Bruce. Therefore an attempt is made here - despite the understandable absence of hard evidence - to consider the killing more from the victim's point of view. It is argued that, after the de facto collapse of Balliol kingship in 1303-4, John Comyn (because of his own lineage) would never have accepted Robert Bruce (whose line of descent had been declared inferior in 1292) as king. Consequently, political compromise between the two men was obviously out of the question. Therefore, although none of the chronicle narratives can be taken at face value, their consistent presenta-tions of the killing as premeditated are possibly valid after all, despite the denials of the main modern studies. And although (because of the problem of evidence) it is impossible to achieve certainty over this ques-tion, what does become clear is that Comyn's claim to the throne is the crucial factor for understanding what was going on when he was killed.

scholarly journals 'Sweetness and light belong to us’: The Maoriland Worker and Proletarian Poetics

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dougal McNeill ◽  
Alistair Murray
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Poetry And Poetics ◽  
Labour Movement ◽  
Political Project

 Documenting the publication of poetry in The Maoriland Worker, this essay considers the place of poetry and poetics in the Worker’s history and its political project. What was the place of literature in the early years of the New Zealand labour movement? What sorts of texts circulated, and how were they received and interpreted by socialist journalists and critics? Combining quantitative analysis with close reading, this essay offers the Worker as a case study in early New Zealand labour movement literary culture.Correspondence about this article may be directed to Dougal McNeill at [email protected]

scholarly journals Drowning in Documents: Action, Documentation, and Factography in Early Work by the Collective Actions Group

ARTMargins ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yelena Kalinsky
Keyword(s):  
Early Years ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Collective Actions ◽  
Artistic Practice ◽  
Moscow Conceptualism ◽  
Conceptual Performance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Live Action

This article traces a provisional history of the early years of the conceptual performance art group Collective Actions through an examination of three critical terms—action, documentation, and factography—that came to figure prominently in the group's definition of its aesthetic project. A close reading of several of the group's actions and key theoretical texts from this period (1976–1981) reveals a dialectic of performance and documentation wherein the photographic and textual recording of actions, first carried out for purely pragmatic purposes, begins to acquire an independent aesthetic dimension that challenges the primacy of the live action. This shifting understanding of action—away from the ephemeral, spatio-temporal event and toward an aesthetics of documentation and factographic discourse—became a form of self-institutionalization that revealed fault lines in the artistic positions and ambitions of the Moscow Conceptualist circle. The article therefore attempts to locate the specific stakes of performance as an artistic practice within Moscow Conceptualism at the turn of the 1980s.

The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽  
EUDALD CORTINA ORERO
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

Image quality vs data obtainment in biological electron microscopy

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 42-43
Author(s):  
J. E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Fluorescent Screen ◽  
Embedding Medium

In the early years of biological electron microscopy, scientists had their hands full attempting to describe the cellular microcosm that was suddenly before them on the fluorescent screen. Mitochondria, Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, and other myriad organelles were being examined, micrographed, and documented in the literature. A major problem of that early period was the development of methods to cut sections thin enough to study under the electron beam. A microtome designed in 1943 moved the specimen toward a rotary “Cyclone” knife revolving at 12,500 RPM, or 1000 times as fast as an ordinary microtome. It was claimed that no embedding medium was necessary or that soft embedding media could be used. Collecting the sections thus cut sounded a little precarious: “The 0.1 micron sections cut with the high speed knife fly out at a tangent and are dispersed in the air. They may be collected... on... screens held near the knife“.

Early Years Care and Education in Europe

2001 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-380
Author(s):  
S Wolfendale
Keyword(s):  
Early Years

Ben Jonson

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Barton
Keyword(s):  
Ben Jonson
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