scholarly journals The Development of the Idea of Adolescents’ Civic Education and Upbringing in Russian Pedagogy in the Second Half of the 20th Century — Early 21st Century

Author(s):  
М.Н. Певзнер ◽  
Е.В. Иванов ◽  
П.А. Петряков

Актуальность исследования объясняется потребностью современного общества в выпускниках вузов и школ, обладающих активной гражданской позицией, готовых к взаимодействию гражданского общества и правового государства. Воспитанию молодых людей, обладающих гражданскими качествами и социальной активностью, способствует система гражданского образования, основы которой закладывались в различные исторические периоды отечественной педагогической науки. Целью исследования является выделение и обоснование исторических этапов развития знания о становлении гражданского образования и воспитания в российской педагогической науке во второй половине XX — первые десятилетия XXI века. При проведении исследования использовались следующие методы: проблемно-сравнительный, историко-рефлексивный и системно-структурный анализ, метод систематизации и классификации на основе изучения научных источников, обобщение и синтез. Авторы статьи выдвигают гипотезу о том, что идея о гражданском образовании и воспитании в современных концепциях развивалась и трансформировалась во второй половине XX — первых десятилетий XXI века на различных исторических этапах под влиянием определенных общественно-политических факторов. Научная новизна исследования заключается в выделении и теоретическом обосновании исторических этапов развития знания о гражданском образовании и воспитании на основе разработанных авторами критериев; в определении системы и процесса гражданского образования и воспитания учащейся молодежи. Теоретическая значимость исследования состоит в расширении фонда знаний об особенностях развития идеи о гражданском образовании молодежи на различных исторических этапах с учетом общественно-политических факторов и научно-педагогических взглядов ученых на проблему гражданского образования. Практическая значимость заключается в том, что его результаты могут быть положены в основу проектирования современных концепций и моделей гражданского образования молодежи. В процессе изучения эволюции идеи о гражданском образовании авторами выделены этапы идейно-политического воспитания в русле коммунистической моноидеологии; демократизации и гуманизации образования; гражданско-патриотического воспитания на основе национальных традиций и ценностей. Систематизируя результаты исследования, авторы рассматривают гражданское образование как процесс и систему обучения и воспитания, направленную на формирование у обучающейся молодежи активной гражданской позиции и социальной активности на основе гражданско-правовых знаний и нравственных ценностей. В дальнейшем гражданское образование может быть исследовано как фактор формирования устойчивости молодежи к рискам и вызовам эпохи цифровизации. The relevance of the research is accounted for by the fact that modern society has urgent need for civic-minded school leavers and university graduates, who are ready to cooperate with civil society and constitutional state. The system of civic education, whose foundation has been laid by Russian educators of various historical periods, ensures the development of young people’s civic-mindedness and secures their social participation. The aim of the research is to identify and substantiate historical stages of gathering evidence about the formation of civic education and upbringing in Russian pedagogy in the second half of the 20th century — the first decades of the 21st century. The authors of the article use the following methods of investigation: comparative method, historical reflexivity method, systemic-structural method, method of systematization and classification, source analysis, generalization, synthesis. The authors of the article put forward a hypothesis that modern concepts of civic education and upbringing developed in the second half of the 20th century and the first decades of the 21st century under the influence of various social and political factors. The novelty of the research consists in an attempt to theoretically substantiate historical stages of gathering evidence and developing knowledge about civic education and upbringing on the basis of criteria developed by the authors. It also consists in an attempt to define the system and the process of civic education and upbringing of students. The research is theoretically significant, for it attempts to expand one’s knowledge about the development of the idea of young people’s civic education taking into consideration social and political factors and scholars’ views on the issue of civic education. The research is practically significant, for its results can be used to create modern concepts and models of young people’s civic education. Investigating the evolution of the ideas about civic education, the authors of the article single out some stages of ideological and political treatment within the framework of communist ideology, democratization, and humanization of education; civic and patriotic education on the basis of traditions and values. The article systematizes the results of the research, the authors treat civic education as a process and a system of education and upbringing which is aimed at the development of students’ civic mindedness and social participation on the basis of their knowledge of laws and their moral values. Civic education can be further investigated as a factor of ensuring young people’s ability to cope with risks and challenges of the digital era.

Afghanistan ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-194
Author(s):  
Warwick Ball

The Silk Road as an image is a relatively new one for Afghanistan. It appeals to both the pre-Islamic and the perceived Islamic past, thus offering an Islamic balance to previous identities linked to Bamiyan or to the Kushans. It also appeals to a broader and more international image, one that has been taken up by many other countries. This paper traces the rise of the image of the Silk Road and its use as a metaphor for ancient trade to encompass all contacts throughout Eurasia, prehistoric, ancient and modern, but also how the image has been adopted and expanded into many other areas: politics, tourism and academia. It is argued here that the origin and popularity of the term lies in late 20th century (and increasingly 21st century) politics rather than any reality of ancient trade. Its consequent validity as a metaphor in academic discussion is questioned


2018 ◽  
pp. 1274-1279
Author(s):  
Elena V. Olimpieva ◽  

The article reviews O. A. Shashkova’s ‘... Call the Mute Artifacts to Speech.’ Essays on the History of Archaeography of the 15th - Early 20th Century. Wide array of sources and broad geographical frameworks allow Shashkova to present emergence and development of Russian and European archaeography from the 15th to early 20th century intelligibly enough for educational purposes. A whole chapter is devoted to the manuscript tradition and publishing of sources before Gutenberg. When considering the formation of archaeographical tradition, the author uses comparative method. O. A. Shashkova offers a historical overview and analyzes theoretical and practical issues of archaeography. The reviewer notes the significance of the chosen topic due to a need to reconsider the development of publishing in light of modern views on archaeography and to make it accessible to students and non-professionals. She notes traditional academic approach of O. A. Shashkova to presentation of the development publication practices. The review considers the possibility of using the ‘Essays...’ in studying the history of archaeography and offers possible directions for a broader consideration of historical experience, in particular, of Novikov’s publication projects. The review notes the controversial nature of the author’s approach to systematization of her large historical material in order to consider issues concerning the study of archaeographical practices. It stresses that coverage of issues of development of methods of preparation of publications separately from its historical and practical aspects hinders successful mastering of the material by an untrained reader. It concludes that the publication has high practical value for specialists in archaeography and students.


2018 ◽  
pp. 98-108
Author(s):  
Vadim V. Kulachkov ◽  

The article studies documents from the State Archive of the Orel Region (GAOO) as an important source for studying the sense of justice of the Oryol gubernia peasants in early 20th century. Introduction of new archival materials allows to flesh out our knowledge and to produce a true-to-life picture of the Oryol peasants’ way of life. The peasant origins of the majority of the population necessitate a comprehensive study of peasant legal consciousness. Historical legacy is pertinent to present day, and forgetting its lessons is fraught with consequences. Evolution of modern Russian statehood hedges on its historical and legal traditions. The article studies documents in the fonds of public authorities, police, gendarmerie, courts, and prosecution offices. Introduction of new materials of public authorities, police, gendarmerie, courts, and prosecution offices into the scholarship promotes the analysis of the evolution of peasant legal sense in early 20th century. The chronological framework of the article is limited to the period from 1900 to 1917, its territorial framework is limited to the Oryol gubernia in its pre-revolutionary borders. The article studies reports, dispatches, and circular letters using the comparative method. The intensification of peasant protest was incidental to the first Russian revolution of 1905-1907 – the peasants hoped to force the government to settle the agrarian question, wherein lay the crux of their interests. As peasants of the Oryol gubernia suffered from shortage of arable land, antimonarchical sentiments gained momentum and translated a growing number of trials for contempt of the Emperor. Illegal literature spreading among the peasants, further radicalized them, and the authorities grew more and more hesitant in their assessment of peasant loyalty, which is quite intelligible in the archival documents. Thus, the use of new archival documents in addition to published materials promotes the scholarship on the peasant legal sense.


Author(s):  
B. M. Shustov

During the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, space hazards multiplied, the most urgent of which is space debris. Professionals working in space are exposed to this hazard daily and are aware of it as a problem. Furthermore, increasing attention is being paid to the unpredictable behavior of the Sun, which produces the so-called space weather. The asteroid-comet hazard is considered as potentially having the most catastrophic consequences. No manifestations of biological hazard have yet been observed, although as space activities develop, it is becoming increasingly important. The appropriate time scale for astrophysical hazards is many millions of years, so from a practical perspective, they have no importance. This article briefly describes the main types of space hazards. The author analyzes the results of research and practical work in the field, both worldwide and specifically in Russia. Comparative analysis leads to the clear conclusion that a national program must be developed for the study of space hazards and to respond to space threats. This article is based on a report made by the author at the meeting of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) on January 15, 2019.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2019/2 ◽  
pp. 5-39
Author(s):  
Darius Baronas

ANNOTATION. This article is the first attempt of the biographic research of Grand Duchess Uliana Algirdienė of Lithuania (d. 17/03/1392), based on the critical analysis of primary sources. It is also aimed at pointing out the reflection of the role of women in the pagan Lithuanian society. The research was carried out by means of the analytical and comparative method of historical source analysis with a view to separate as distinctly as possible the information derived from contemporary sources from the images imposed by later historiographic tradition. The article questions the stereotypes related to Uliana’s great political power in Lithuania’s political life that are well-established in modern historiography and present-day cultural memory. With this an attempt is made to draw attention to the problematic nature of information derived from historical sources as well as to more distinctly define the frames imposed by the political culture of pagan Lithuania which clearly marked the boundaries for the political activities of women representing the ruling dynasty. This article for the most part dwells on the issues related to the coverage of Algirdas and Uliana’s marriage and the period of their married life up to Algirdas’ death in 1377. KEYWORDS: Uliana, Algirdas, Simeon, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Moscow, Tver, Rus’, women


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 100206
Author(s):  
Connie A. Woodhouse ◽  
Rebecca M. Smith ◽  
Stephanie A. McAfee ◽  
Gregory T. Pederson ◽  
Gregory J. McCabe ◽  
...  

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