scholarly journals Raphael’s Genius as Reflected in V. A. Zhukovsky’s and A. S. Pushkin’s Works: to the Issue of W. H. Wackenroder’s Influence on Russian Literature

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-129
Author(s):  
К.А. Поташова
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
Moral Atmosphere ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Aesthetic Preferences

Новизна исследования связана с раскрытием уникальности синтеза вербального и визуального начал в художественном мышлении В. А. Жуковского и А. С. Пушкина посредством анализа механизмов встраивания живописного произведения в словесный образ. С опорой на анализ стихотворений «Недоконченная картина» А. С. Пушкина, «Преображение» С. П. Шевырёва, очерка В. А. Жуковского «Рафаэлева Мадонна» в сопоставлении с очерком В.-Г. Вакенродера «Видение Рафаэля» рассмотрено влияние эстетической системы Рафаэля на романтическую концепцию творчества художника, природы его вдохновения, заключающейся в ощущении Божественном присутствии. В статье определяется место эстетического очерка Жуковского «Рафаэлева Мадонна» в контексте развития романтического типа экфрасиса, основанного на замене описания визуального образа ассоциативным рядом, возникшим в процессе созерцания картины. Доказывается, что внимание романтиков к личности Рафаэля Санти обусловлено как общей духовно-нравственной атмосферой первой трети XIX века, так и глубоко личностным восприятием живописи В. А. Жуковским и А. С. Пушкиным. The theoretical novelty of the article consists in the investigation of the unique synthesis of verbal and visual aspects of V. A. Zhukovsky’s and A. S. Pushkin’s works. The comparative analysis of A. S. Pushkin’s “Unfinished Painting”, S. P. Shevyrev’s “Transfiguration”, V. A. Zhukovsky’s “The Sistine Madonna” and W. H. Wackenroder’s “Raphael’s Vision” focuses on the impact Raphael’s aesthetics produced on the romantic concept of a painter’s work, and spiritual inspiration. The article investigates Zhukovsky’s aesthetic essay “The Sistine Madonna” through the prism of ekphrastic works, association-based descriptions of a visual work of art. The article maintains that the romantic poets’ infatuation with Raphael Santi can be explained both by the spiritual and moral atmosphere of the first third of the 19th century and by V. A. Zhukovsky’s and A. S. Pushkin’s personal aesthetic preferences.

scholarly journals S.I. Vavilov — Reader of Soviet Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-287
Author(s):  
Alexander Y. Samarin
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
Negative Perception ◽  
Critical Attitude ◽  
Soviet Literature ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Aesthetic Preferences

The article analyzes the diary records of the outstanding Soviet physicist, Academician and President of the USSR Academy of Sciences Sergei Ivanovich Vavilov (1891—1951), dedicated to his reader’s perception of contemporary Soviet literature. Widely-read S.I. Vavilov collected his private library of 37 thousand volumes; he regularly visited bookstores, mainly antiquarian and second-hand bookshops. Despite the prevailing interest to the old books, S.I. Vavilov knew Soviet literature, used its images in his popular science works (S.A. Yesenin) and diary characteristics (I. Ilf and E. Petrov). The few diary entries with the assessments of the works of Soviet writers (A.N. Tolstoy, A.E. Korneychuk, K.I. Chukovsky, A. Bely, A.K. Vinogradov, V.V. Veresaev, M.A. Bulgakov, etc.) most commonly demonstrate critical attitude to them. It was defined by both his classical aesthetic preferences, formed in his youth on the material of Russian literature of the 19th century, and by his unflattering attitude to the Soviet reality, which Academician did not show publicly, allowing just certain statements in his private diaries. The generally negative perception of Soviet literature indicates that, contrary to the claims of some researchers, S.I. Vavilov was not a Stalinist and was quite sceptical of the socialist reality.

scholarly journals “Hero of Our Time” as Archetype of Plot and Images in “Enchanted Wanderer”

2021 ◽  
pp. 225-236
Author(s):  
V. G. Mekhtiev
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Critical View ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Demonic

The results of a comparative analysis of the novel “The Enchanted Wanderer” by N. S. Leskov and the novel “Hero of Our Time” by M. Yu. Lermontov are presented. Particular attention is paid to the image ofthe prince, parodic in relation to Pechorin and “superfluous people”, as well as the storyline of Ivan Flyagin, echoing the line of Maxim Maksimych. The novelty of the study is due to both the little study of the connections between Leskov the artist and the work of Lermontov, and the insufficient coverage of the issue of the historical existence of Lermontov’s novel. It is shown that stylistic tendencies that are stable for Russian literature of the 19th century differ among writers. Along with this, the question is raised about Leskov’s critical view of the Pechorin type; in his story in the foreground is the hero named Ap. Grigoriev “meek” as opposed to the demonic, “predatory” type. It is noted that in the plot of the novel “A Hero of Our Time” Maxim Makimych, personifying a folk character, takes a subordinate place, this is explained by Lermontov’s sympathy for a demonic personality. The author points out that in “The Enchanted Wanderer”, on the contrary, there is a change in the function of the hero; the prince turns into a marginal character, and the Russian righteous man takes the place of the plot center.

scholarly journals CONSTITUTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF SERBIA AND ROMANIA IN THE 19th CENTURY: THE INTERNAL NEEDS AND EXTERNAL INFLUENCES – A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

1970 ◽  
pp. 141-156
Author(s):  
SUZANA RAJIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Comparative Methods ◽  
External Factors ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
External Influences ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of two important factors in the process of the constitutional organization of Serbia and Romania during the 19th century: the external factors and internal socio-political circumstances. Therefore, the constitutional models, modes and types of implementation are an important part of this work. Using analytical and comparative methods, I will discuss the similarities and differences in the processes of constitutionalization in one part of the Balkans region.

scholarly journals Map of Impact of Natural Hazards

2016 ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Maria BOSTENARU DAN ◽  
◽  
Cristina Olga Gociman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
German Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Photographs ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates the mapping of the impact of natural hazards as included in several databases reviewed or created by the author. These are: - The database of the contribution of the session series “Natural hazards’ impact on urban areas and infrastructure”, convened and co-convened by the first author over 15 years at the European Geosciences General Assembly. - A database created from reviews of students supervised by the authors in frame of the course “Protection of settlements against risks” at the home university. - A collection of historical photographs from the 19th century on different natural and man-made hazards from the Canadian Centre for Architecture, the archive review of which has been performed by the first author and which will be subject of a book to be published about the time of the conference. -Two reviewed collections, one from the exhibition and book on “Images of disasters” (German research) and one on the book “Illustrated history of natural disasters” which include major disasters from the beginning of the mankind. In frame of the paper maps of the spread of data will be presented, created using both arcGIS online and GoogleMaps (see https://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=zpbbz3WgVMBs.k-3vhGj- -l1M&usp=sharing), comparing the source and the type of hazard, to see eventual overlappings between the databases.

scholarly journals Agrarian reforms of Russia at the turn of the XIX–XX centuries in the coverage of economists of the XX century

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-144
Author(s):  
I. K. Shcherbakova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Agrarian Reforms ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Different Parts

The article analyses the features of the development of agriculture in Russia at the end of the 19th century - the beginning of the 20th century. The paper studies and considers attempts to solve the agrarian issue in the specified period. The study considers the course and results of the reform of 1861, as well as economic reforms of the beginning of the 20th century. The author gives an assessment of these reforms, as well as the situation of the peasantry made by the leading economists of that time: N.D. Kondrat'ev, S.L. Maslov, A.V. Peshekhonov, A.V. Chayanov, and also analyses the measures aimed at alleviating the situation of the peasantry and solving the agrarian problems of that period. The research paper also presents a comparative analysis of the consequences of the 1861 reform, its impact on the solution of the agrarian issue in different parts of the Russian Empire, in particular in Poland after the Polish Uprising of 1863.

scholarly journals The Literary Portrait from Pushkin to Dostoevsky

2020 ◽  
pp. 86-104
Author(s):  
Elena V. Stepanian-Rumyantseva
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Human Personality ◽  
Literary Portraits ◽  
Existential Choice ◽  
Literary Portrait ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Physical Resemblance ◽  
As If

The article explores the peculiarities of literary portraits and studies the interconnections and contrasts between painted and written portraits. The recognizability of a portrait in pictorial art is attained not only through physical resemblance but also through “artistic deformations” that the author introduces to the appearance of the portrayed. In a literary portrait, identification is achieved both by verbal and plastic detailing and by addressing the reader’s inner experience and imagination. Traditionally, the literary portrait in the Russian literature of the 19th century is based mostly on plastic characteristics, comparisons, and color accents, and because of this, it is often defined as “pictorial”. However, portraits by Pushkin and Dostoevsky stand out as exceptionally original, as if created from a different material. Pushkin avoids detailing, instead, he presents a “suggestive” portrait, i.e., a dynamic outline of the personality. The reader’s imagination is influenced not by details, but rather by the dynamic nature of Pushkin’s characters. Dostoevsky does not inherit Pushkin’s methods, though he also turns to a dynamic principle in describing the heroes of his novels. When they first appear, he presents them as if from different angles of vision, and their features may often be in discord, which makes the reader sense a contradictory impact of their personalities, as well as of their portraits. This kind of portrait is a dynamic message, where the reader follows the hero along unexpected and contrasting paths that the author previously mapped for him. From the beginning to the very end of their works, these two classics of Russian literature present the human personality as a being in a state of life-long development, always changing and always free in its existential choice.

Losing the Thread

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Powell
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
American Civil War ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cotton Trade

Losing the Thread is the first full-length study of the effect of the American Civil War on Britain’s raw cotton trade and on the Liverpool cotton market. It details the worst crisis in the British cotton trade in the 19th century. Before the civil war, America supplied 80 per cent of Britain’s cotton. In August 1861, this fell to almost zero, where it remained for four years. Despite increased supplies from elsewhere, Britain’s largest industry received only 36 per cent of the raw material it needed from 1862 to 1864. This book establishes the facts of Britain’s raw cotton supply during the war: how much there was of it, in absolute terms and in relation to the demand, where it came from and why, how much it cost, and what effect the reduced supply had on Britain’s cotton manufacture. It includes an enquiry into the causes of the Lancashire cotton famine, which contradicts the historical consensus on the subject. Examining the impact of the civil war on Liverpool and its cotton market, the book disputes the historic portrayal of Liverpool as a solidly pro-Confederate town. It also demonstrates how reckless speculation infested and distorted the raw cotton market, and lays bare the shadowy world of the Liverpool cotton brokers, who profited hugely from the war while the rest of Lancashire starved.

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