Effect of low frequency electrical acupuncture stimulation to ciliao (B-32) on the peripheral circulation of lower legs. Comparison of Ciliao to the other acupuncture points.

This research evaluates the effect of physiological responses during electrical acupuncture (EA) stimulation on specific acupuncture points (APs: PC5 and PC6). A variety of special responses in the human body were determined by electroencephalogram (EEG), heart rate (HR) in an electrocardiogram (ECG), and skin impedance test for 2 groups, sham group as a control and a group under acupuncture stimulation. The total stimulation time in this study was set for 5 min since the effect of EA on all recorded parameters became stable within this period. According to the experiments, during EA stimulation of PC5 and PC6, the power spectrum of EEG showed that the number of low frequency waves was increased in all lobes. Heart rate variability measures of 10 subjects stimulation trials at PC6 and PC5 were compared to 10 subjects who received no stimulation treatment. In both the AP and the sham groups, the mean R-R interval increased significantly during EA stimulation. A comparison between the AP and non-AP group in terms of skin resistance measurement experiments revealed no difference in skin resistance. The results of this study verified that EA stimulation of APs (PC5, PC6) causes EEG changes, and ECG heart rate changes. However, from human skin impedance measurements, the beneficial effects were not sustained. These results may be helpful in the understanding of the mechanism underlying the effect of electrical acupuncture on PC6 and PC5.

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Nucleotide Variation at theCHALCONE ISOMERASELocus inArabidopsis thaliana

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/155.2.863 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 155 (2) ◽

pp. 863-872 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Helmi Kuittinen ◽

Montserrat Aguadé

Keyword(s):

Nucleotide Diversity ◽

Direct Relationship ◽

Selective Sweep ◽

Balancing Selection ◽

Neutral Theory ◽

Low Frequency ◽

The Other ◽

Nucleotide Variation ◽

Rapid Population Growth ◽

History Of

AbstractAn ~1.9-kb region encompassing the CHI gene, which encodes chalcone isomerase, was sequenced in 24 worldwide ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. and in 1 ecotype of A. lyrata ssp. petraea. There was no evidence for dimorphism at the CHI region. A minimum of three recombination events was inferred in the history of the sampled ecotypes of the highly selfing A. thaliana. The estimated nucleotide diversity (θTOTAL = 0.004, θSIL = 0.005) was on the lower part of the range of the corresponding estimates for other gene regions. The skewness of the frequency spectrum toward an excess of low-frequency polymorphisms, together with the bell-shaped distribution of pairwise nucleotide differences at CHI, suggests that A. thaliana has recently experienced a rapid population growth. Although this pattern could also be explained by a recent selective sweep at the studied region, results from the other studied loci and from an AFLP survey seem to support the expansion hypothesis. Comparison of silent polymorphism and divergence at the CHI region and at the Adh1 and ChiA revealed in some cases a significant deviation of the direct relationship predicted by the neutral theory, which would be compatible with balancing selection acting at the latter regions.

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Dynamics and Protein–Solvent Interactions of Hemoglobin in T and R Quaternary Conformation

Spectroscopy An International Journal ◽

10.1155/2002/495614 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 16 (3-4) ◽

pp. 227-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chiara Caronna ◽

Antonio Cupane

Keyword(s):

Quaternary Structure ◽

Dynamic Properties ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Helical Structure ◽

Blue Shift ◽

Peak Frequency ◽

The Other ◽

Solvent Interactions ◽

Reported Data ◽

Increasing Temperature

In this work we report the thermal behaviour of the amide I′ band of carbonmonoxy and deoxy hemoglobin in 65% v/v glycerolD8/D2O solutions and in the temperature interval 10–295 K. Following recent suggestions in the literature, we analyze the amide I′ band in terms of two components, one at about 1630 cm−1and the other at about 1650 cm−1, that are assigned to solvent‒exposed and buried α‒helical regions, respectively.For deoxy hemoglobin (in T quaternary structure) both components are narrower with respect to carbonmonoxy hemoglobin (in R quaternary structure), while the peak frequency blue shift observed, upon increasing temperature, for the component at about 1630 cm−1is smaller. The reported data provide evidence of the dependence of hemoglobin dynamic properties upon the protein quaternary structure and suggest a more compact α‒helical structure of hemoglobin in T conformation, with reduced population of low‒frequency modes involving the solvent and protein.

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Diversity of and Selection Acting on CylindrospermopsincyrBGene Adenylation Domain Sequences in Florida

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02252-10 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 77 (7) ◽

pp. 2502-2507 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Mete Yilmaz ◽

Edward J. Phlips

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Purifying Selection ◽

The United States ◽

The Other ◽

Cylindrospermopsis Raciborskii ◽

Adenylation Domain ◽

Other Hand ◽

Neutrality Tests ◽

The One

ABSTRACTAphanizomenon ovalisporumis the only confirmed cylindrospermopsin producer identified in the United States to date. On the other hand,Cylindrospermopsis raciborskiiis a prominent feature of many lakes in Florida and other regions of the United States. To see the variation in cylindrospermopsincyrBgene adenylation domain sequences and possibly discover new cylindrospermopsin producers, we collected water samples for a 3-year period from 17 different systems in Florida. Positive amplicons were cloned and sequenced, revealing that approximately 92% of sequences wereA. ovalisporum-like (>99% identity). Interestingly, 6% of sequences were very similar (>99% identity) tocyrBsequences ofC. raciborskiifrom Australia and ofAphanizomenonsp. from Germany. Neutrality tests suggest thatA. ovalisporum-likecyrBadenylation domain sequences are under purifying selection, with abundant low-frequency polymorphisms within the population. On the other hand, when compared between species by codon-based methods, amino acids of CyrB also seem to be under purifying selection, in accordance with the one proposed amino acid thought to be activated by the CyrB adenylation domain.

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The role of word frequencies in detecting unfamiliar terms and their effect on response quality

Psihologija ◽

10.2298/psi1504327s ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 327-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ana Slavec ◽

Vasja Vehovar

Keyword(s):

Low Frequency ◽

Drop Out ◽

The Other ◽

International Exchange ◽

Subjective Perception ◽

Exchange Students ◽

Text Corpora ◽

Drop Out Rate ◽

The University

Research into cognitive aspects of survey response has indicated unfamiliar terms as one of the psycholinguistic determinants of question comprehensibility problems. In this paper the estimates of wording familiarity based on text corpora for the English and Slovenian languages were used to detect potentially incomprehensible wordings in two web survey questionnaires for international exchange students at the University of Ljubljana, one for incoming (English) and the other for outgoing students (Slovenian). Two versions of the questionnaire were developed for each language, one with low-frequency (complex) and the other with high-frequency (improved) wordings, and compared in a split-ballot experiment. The results show a lower drop-out rate and a decreased subjective perception of difficulty for the improved language versions.

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The effects of additive on microstructure and electrical properties of batio3 ceramics

Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering ◽

10.2298/sjee0403089p ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 89-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Vesna Paunovic ◽

Ljiljana Zivkovic ◽

Ljubomir Vracar ◽

Vojislav Mitic ◽

Miroslav Miljkovic

Keyword(s):

Dielectric Constant ◽

Curie Temperature ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Dissipation Factor ◽

The Other ◽

Uniform Microstructure ◽

Average Grain Size ◽

Solid State Sintering ◽

Curie Temperatures

In this paper comparative investigations of microstructure and dielectric properties of BaTiO3 ceramics doped with 1.0 wt% of Nb2O5, MnCO3 and CaZrO3 have been done. BaTiO3 samples were prepared using conventional method of solid state sintering at 13000C for two hours. Two distinguish micro structural regions can be observed in sample doped with Nb2O5. The first one, with a very small grained microstructure and the other one, with a rod like grains. In MnCO3 and CaZrO3 doped ceramics the uniform microstructure is formed with average grain size about 0.5- 2?m and 3-5?m respectively. The highest value of dielectric permittivity at room temperature and the greatest change of permittivity in function of temperature were observed in MnCO3/BaTiO3. In all investigated samples dielectric constant after initially large value at low frequency attains a constant value at f = 6kHz. A dissipation factor is independent of frequency greater than 10 kHz and, depending of systems, lies in the range from 0.035 to 0.25. At temperatures above Curie temperatures, the permittivity of all investigated samples follows a Curie- Weiss law. A slight shift of Curie temperature to the lower temperatures, in respect of Curie temperature for undoped BaTiO3, was observed in all investigated samples.

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Depression-like state induced by low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to ventral medial frontal cortex in monkeys

10.1101/2021.05.21.445094 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shinya Nakamura ◽

Yodai Kishimoto ◽

Masaki Sekino ◽

Motoaki Nakamura ◽

Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui

Keyword(s):

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Frontal Cortex ◽

Mood Disorders ◽

Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Low Frequency ◽

The Other ◽

Medial Frontal Cortex ◽

Behavioral Activity ◽

Primate Model

The medial frontal cortex (MFC), especially its ventral part, has long been of great interest with respect to the pathology of mood disorders. A number of human brain imaging studies have demonstrated the abnormalities of this brain region in patients with mood disorders, however, whether it is critically involved in the pathogenesis of such disorders remains to be fully elucidated. In this study, we conducted a causal study to investigate how the suppression of neural activity in the ventral region of the MFC (vMFC) affects the behavioral and physiological states of monkeys by using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). By using low-frequency rTMS (LF-rTMS) as an inhibitory intervention, we found that LF-rTMS targeting the vMFC induced a depression-like state in monkeys, which was characterized by a reduced spontaneous behavioral activity, increased plasma cortisol level, impaired sociability, and decreased motivation level. On the other hand, no such significant changes in behavioral and physiological states were observed when targeting the other MFC regions, dorsal or posterior. We further found that the administration of an antidepressant agent, ketamine, ameliorated the abnormal behavioral and physiological states induced by the LF-rTMS intervention. These findings indicate the causal involvement of the vMFC in the regulation of mood and affect and the validity of the LF-rTMS-induced dysfunction of the vMFC as a nonhuman primate model of the depression-like state.

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Ion-cyclotron modes in weakly relativistic plasmas

Journal of Plasma Physics ◽

10.1017/s0022377800017633 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 371-379 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chandu Venugopal ◽

P. J. Kurian ◽

G. Renuka

Keyword(s):

Dispersion Relation ◽

High Frequency ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Dispersion Relations ◽

The Other ◽

Larmor Radius ◽

Relativistic Plasmas ◽

Ion Plasma ◽

Maxwellian Plasma ◽

Relativistic Dispersion

We derive a dispersion relation for the perpendicular propagation of ioncyclotron waves around the ion gyrofrequency ω+ in a weaklu relaticistic anisotropic Maxwellian plasma. These waves, with wavelength greater than the ion Larmor radius rL+ (k⊥ rL+ < 1), propagate in a plasma characterized by large ion plasma frequencies (). Using an ordering parameter ε, we separated out two dispersion relations, one of which is independent of the relativistic terms, while the other depends sensitively on them. The solutions of the former dispersion relation yield two modes: a low-frequency (LF) mode with a frequency ω < ω+ and a high-frequency (HF) mode with ω > ω+. The plasma is stable to the propagation of these modes. The latter dispersion relation yields a new LF mode in addition to the modes supported by the non-relativistic dispersion relation. The two LF modes can coalesce to make the plasma unstable. These results are also verified numerically using a standard root solver.

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Some Climatological Aspects of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO)

Journal of Climate ◽

10.1175/jcli-d-14-00744.1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 28 (15) ◽

pp. 6039-6053 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Donald M. Lafleur ◽

Bradford S. Barrett ◽

Gina R. Henderson

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Variability ◽

Cycle Length ◽

Decadal Variability ◽

Low Frequency ◽

The Other ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Atmospheric Response ◽

Convective Activity ◽

Madden Julian Oscillation ◽

Annual Basis

Abstract One of the most commonly used metrics for both locating the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) geographically and defining the intensity of MJO convective activity is the real-time multivariate MJO (RMM) index. However, a climatology of the MJO, particularly with respect to the frequency of activity levels or of consecutive days at certain activity thresholds, does not yet exist. Thus, several climatological aspects of the MJO were developed in this study: 1) annual and 2) seasonal variability in MJO intensity, quantified using four defined activity categories (inactive, active, very active, and extremely active); 3) persistence in the above-defined four categories; 4) cycle length; and 5) low-frequency (decadal) variability. On an annual basis, MJO phases 1 and 2 occurred more often, and phase 8 occurred less often, than the other phases throughout the year. Notable seasonality was also found, particularly in the frequency of extremely active MJO in March–May (8% of days) compared with June–August (only 1% of days). The MJO was persistent in time and across intensity categories, and all activity categories the following day had at least an 80% chance of maintaining their amplitudes. Implications of this climatology are discussed, including length of complete MJO cycles (the shortest of which was 17 days) and correlations between MJO amplitude and atmospheric response.

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Robust Passive-Active Mounts for Machinery and Equipment

Volume 1A: 16th Biennial Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise ◽

10.1115/detc97/vib-3774 ◽

1997 ◽

Author(s):

J. Hannsen Su

Keyword(s):

Resonant Frequency ◽

Vibration Isolation ◽

Vibration Suppression ◽

Low Frequency ◽

The Other ◽

Resonant Frequencies ◽

Vibration Magnitude ◽

Fixed End ◽

Degradation Problem ◽

Universal Application

Abstract Conventional vibration isolation mounts are not as effective as expected on a practical foundation whose resonant frequencies normally are within the bandwidth of interest. In addition, the low frequency enhancement is a characteristic of the passive mounts. Applying inertia actuators to the bottom attachment plate of the conventional mounts overcomes these shortcomings and enhances their performance significantly. This design concept has universal application since it is applicable to any dynamic system. It requires very little power and force capacity, i.e., a small percentage of the disturbance force, from the actuators to be effective for frequencies higher than the resonant frequency of the mount itself. The effectiveness of the proposed mounts for the machinery is demonstrated on the load transmissibility reduction at the foundation support (fixed end) due to disturbance from machinery above mounts. On the other hand, the vibration magnitude reduction of equipment above mounts due to disturbance from the foundation is used for evaluating the equipment isolation effectiveness. There is no stabilty or degradation problem when a number of the passive-active mounts are used on the same foundation. Furthermore, the more of this type of mounts used on a foundation the more effective the vibration suppression and the smaller actuator force requirement for each passive-active mount.

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