FEATURES OF FORMATION OF LANDSCAPE-ECOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK (LEK) OF RESORT CITY ZELENOGRADSK OF KALININGRAD REGION

Author(s):  
V.A. Leonova ◽  
◽  
T.S. Petrova ◽  

Kaliningrad Region (Konigsberg) is a semi-excave of Russia that does not have a common land border with its main territory, but is connected to it by sea. It reached our country as a result of the victory over Germany in 1945. This region bears the imprint of the historical and cultural development of East Prussia, has its own specificity in the development of natural landscapes and causes special professional interest in the development of the landscape and ecological framework (LEC) of the famous German resort city of Krantz (Zelenogradsk). The article gives some historical maps, on the basis of which an analysis of the development of natural landscapes and the formation of the LEK of the city of Krantz was made. It was also analyzed by the case of the element frame: urban planning and transport axes, types of the spatial structure of the city and two large landscape objects. Materials are given historical photographs, which show the promenade, buildings and structures, elements of urban landscaping. Materials is recalled about the reforestation of the dunes, information is given about the Plantage park and its elements, which are the green core of the modern city.

Author(s):  
Ирина Викторовна Белинцева

Статья посвящена сооружениям архитектора Карла Густава Ханса Хоппа (1890–1971), активно строившего в 1920-е годы в столице Восточной Пруссии Кенигсберге (совр. Калининград). Х. Хопп принадлежал к числу немногочисленных приверженцев авангарда, работавших в отдаленной консервативной провинции Германии. Созданные им сооружения маркируют центр города, сместившийся от территории бывшего кенигсбергского замка и возведенного на его месте в 1974 году Дома Советов (архитектор Ю. Шварцбрейм) на современную площадь Победы, занявшую место Восточной ярмарки. Как руководитель технического отдела ярмарки, игравшей важную роль в возрождении экономических связей между Германией и Россией, архитектор возвел в трудные годы после окончания Первой мировой войны целый ряд сооружений. Здания в стиле сдержанного экспрессионизма с элементами ар-деко – Торговый двор для фирм-участников ярмарки (современное здание мэрии) и Дом Техники (современный торговый центр «Эпицентр») определяют границы и образный строй центральной части столицы Калининградской области. Мастер придерживался радикальных новаторских взглядов на формальную природу современного ему художественного творчества, организовал в своей квартире-галерее выставку представительницы раннего экспрессионизма П. Модерзон-Беккер, дружил с автором исследования «Абстракция и вчувствование» В. Воррингером, преподававшим в 1928–1944 годах в Кенигсбергском университете. Монументальные строения архитектора украшают экспрессионистические работы скульптора Г. Брахерта (1890–1972). В конце 1920-х годов архитектор увлекся формальными приемами школы Баухаус и украсил Кенигсберг необычными для города зданиями (ремесленная школа для девушек, Парк-отель и другие). The article is devoted to the constructions of the architect Karl Gustav Hans Hopp (1890–1971), who was actively building in the 1920s in the capital of East Prussia Konigsberg (modern Kaliningrad). H. Hopp was one of the few adherents of the avant-garde who worked in the remote conservative province of Germany. The structures created by him mark the center of the city, which has shifted from the territory of the former Koenigsberg castle and built in its place in 1974 by the House of Soviets (architect J. Schwarzbreim) to the modern Victory Square, which took the place of the Eastern Fair. As the head of the Technical Department of the fair, which played an important role in the revival of economic relations between Germany and Russia, the architect erected a number of structures in difficult years after the end of the First World War. Buildings in the style of restrained expressionism with elements of Art Deco – Torgovy Dvor for the companies participating in the fair (modern city hall building) and the Technique House (modern shopping center “Epicenter”) determine the boundaries and the imagery of the central part of the capital of the Kaliningrad region. The master adhered to radical innovative views on the formal nature of contemporary art, organized in his apartment gallery an exhibition of the representative of early expressionism P. Moderson-Becker, was friends with the author of the study “Abstraction and Feeling” V. Warringer, who taught in Koenigsberg from 1928–1944 university. The monumental buildings of the architect are decorated with expressionist works of the sculptor G. Brachert (1890–1972). In the late 1920s, the architect became interested in the formal techniques of the Bauhaus school and decorated Koenigsberg with unusual buildings for the city (Craft School for Girls, Park Hotel and others).


Author(s):  
Viktoriia Hryshyna

The article examines the process of degradation of the landscape-ecological framework of the city due to the dominance of the human-centered approach to the urban recreational areas’ organization. Using the methods of cartographic analysis, full-scale photographic recording, synthesis and abstraction, a study of the recreational territories of Kharkov city was carried out and three main types of recreational objects development were identified: small recreational objects (up to 10 hectares), which completely lost the opportunity for sustainable development, self-creation and are completely dependent from human withdrawal; medium-sized district and city parks, which are being reorganized into urban parks and amusement parks with a high level of recreational load; large elements of the landscape-ecological framework, which are degrading due to the complete absence of the recreational organization of the territory. It was also determined that the main reasons for the loss of sustainable development by recreational facilities are: lack of a comprehensive strategy of the system of landscape and recreational areas development for the city; making situational decisions about the reconstruction of recreational facilities in the city; inconsistency of the park’s type within its place in the structure of the landscape-ecological framework of the city; preference for the organization of park areas with high recreational loads; irregular organization of recreational areas in the city. The main steps of the strategy for the integrated development of the city landscape-recreational system are proposed, which are as follows: determining the level of value of a recreational facility in the structure of the city landscape-ecological framework, assessing the sustainability of a recreational facility development at the present stage, predicting the types of recreational organization of territories, the prospective level of recreational load, and the level of domestication of the object in order to preserve its sustainable development in the future.


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-81
Author(s):  
Denys Kutsenko

AbstractThe paper analyzes the transformation of identity politics of Kharkiv local authorities after the Euromaidan, or Revolution of Dignity, the annexation of Crimea, and the War in Donbass. Being the second largest city in Ukraine and becoming the frontline city in 2014, Kharkiv is an interesting case for research on how former pro-Russian local elites treat new policies of the central government in Kyiv, on whether earlier they tried to mobilize their electorate or to provoke political opponents with using soviet symbols, soviet memory, and copying Russian initiatives in the sphere of identity.To answer the research question of this article, an analysis of Kharkiv city and oblast programs and strategies and of communal media were made. Decommunisation, as one of the most important identity projects of Ukrainian central authorities after 2014, was analyzed through publications in Kharkiv’s city-owned media as well as reports from other scholars. Some conclusions are made from the analysis of these documents: Kharkiv development strategy until 2020, Complex program of cultural development in Kharkiv in 2011–2016 (and the same for 2017–2021), The regional program of military and patriotic training and participation of people in measures of defense work in 2015–2017, Program of supporting civil society in 2016–2020 in Kharkiv region and the city mayor’s orders about the celebration of Victory Day (9 May), the Day of the National Flag (23 August), the Day of the City (23 August) and Independence Day (24 August) in 2010–2015.


2020 ◽  
Vol 961 (7) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
G.Y. Morozova ◽  
I.D. Debelaia

Protected areas are key elements of the green infrastructure and ecological framework of cities. They have multifunctional significance as centers of investment attractiveness. The percentage of protected zones in the city’s total area is an indicator of its sustainable development. Their total area in Khabarovsk is 567.8 ha (1.5% of the city area)


2011 ◽  
Vol 255-260 ◽  
pp. 1612-1616
Author(s):  
Yu Hui Xu ◽  
Jia Xu

Culture-led urban regeneration is an influential planning strategy in Western countries, which is to maintain the city character while enhancing the overall competitiveness of the city through the construction of cultural development to meet the urban environment of the new cultural needs. For the moment, the rapid development of social economy of Chongqing has accelerated its urbanization process. As one of the available land stock resources of urban, existing-blocks need updating to meet the new environmental requirements immediately because of physical and functional decline. So it is essential to consider the strategy of culture-led urban regeneration synthetically. It can not only maintain the social network structure and neighborhood relationship of the existing-blocks to continue urban context while improving its image, but also provide a sustainable competitive city. Taking existing-blocks in Chongqing as the main research object, analyze the current characteristics of the existing-blocks, then put forward the culture-led planning strategy from macro, micro and mid-scale to adapt the development of Chongqing existing-blocks by drawing on the experience at home and abroad.


Author(s):  
O.N. Baryshnikova ◽  
A.P. Olfert ◽  
A.G. Repko ◽  
Yu.I. Fatueva

On the example of the territory of the Altai Krai, the article traces the consequences of destruction of the natural landscapes structure, the creation of artificial elements of their ecological framework of agricultural landscapes, which currently needs restoration and optimization. The thesis is substantiated that the ecological frame of the Altai Krai territory should be as close as possible to the structure of its natural landscapes, which will ensure the productivity of farmland. The most important elements of the ecological framework of forest-steppe and especially steppe landscapes are forest belts, for the creation of which it is necessary to use elements of a water-erosion network, tree species that form a zonal type of vegetation. Creating a system of protective forest plantations in combination with ponds and terrace embankments can increase crop yields up to 25-50 centners per hectare. Landscape planning can serve as a tool for creating an ecological framework for a territory.


2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
N.V. Litvinenko ◽  
E.P. Evtushkova ◽  
Yu.E. Ogneva

In modern urban conditions with intensive industrial production affecting the life and health of people, the authorities of many cities have thought about holding activities aimed at improving the ecological component of the urban environment. One of such activities may be the creation or improvement of the ecological framework of the city. This article discusses the features of the ecological framework in the industrial city of Tobolsk. A number of tasks that are faced by the City Administration were formulated; those must be solved using sound reconstruction methods of urban territorial and functional structures. The role of the ecological framework of the urban area is considered as the possibility of avoiding the environmental problems’ emergence and preserving the ability of the territorial system as an independent land and property complex to develop.


2011 ◽  
Vol 374-377 ◽  
pp. 305-308
Author(s):  
Jun Tu

City is the carrier of endless flow, the continuity of architectural history context constitutes the collective memory of the people of the city. In the course of history, the continuity of architectural context of Guanzhong civil residence is developed by creativity and inherited by changing. The Guanzhong civil residence preserved the trace of time, trace of cultural development; experienced the life of people; witnessed the harmony of human, human and society, human and nature. This is the core of the continuity of architectural history context.


Author(s):  
Arthur Benjamin ◽  
Gary Chartrand ◽  
Ping Zhang

This chapter considers Eulerian graphs, a class of graphs named for the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler. It begins with a discussion of the the Königsberg Bridge Problem and its connection to Euler, who presented the first solution of the problem in a 1735 paper. Euler showed that it was impossible to stroll through the city of Königsberg, the capital of German East Prussia, and cross each bridge exactly once. He also mentioned in his paper a problem whose solution uses the geometry of position to which Gottfried Leibniz had referred. The chapter concludes with another problem, the Chinese Postman Problem, which deals with minimizing the length of a round-trip that a letter carrier might take.


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