scholarly journals The State of Cervical Cancer Screening and HPV Vaccination in Africa: In the Advent of Advanced Health Care

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 985-998
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Kwateng Drokow ◽  
Clement Yaw Effah ◽  
Clement Agboyibor ◽  
Gloria Selorm Akpabla ◽  
Kai Sun
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Cervical Cancer Incidence ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Screening Services

Cervical cancer if not detected and treated promptly can be lethal to females. In several advanced nations, the relevance of coordinated screening services has been implemented. Nevertheless, most developing nations have not implemented a nationwide screening and vaccination programme accessible to all women owing to inadequate screening and vaccination services coupled with vaccine scepticism, misconception concerning vaccination, and lack of awareness are causing an upsurge in Africa's cervical cancer cases. Cervical cancer could be greatly reduced if comprehensive screening services and HPV vaccination are implemented. In this review, we discussed the cervical cancer incidence in Africa, factors influencing the high rate of cervical cancer in Africa, screening and HPV vaccination programs and the potential intervention and recommendations to reduce the incident and mortality rates of cervical cancer in Africa. Also, we highlighted the disadvantages and advantages of widely accessible screening tests in Africa.

scholarly journals HPV-associated cancers

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-356
Author(s):  
Christoph Minichsdorfer
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Associated Lesions ◽  
Anal Cancer Screening

SummaryHuman papilloma virus (HPV) is a DNA virus consisting of approximately 8000 base pairs. HPV represents the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Around 200 different genotypes exist. They are distinguished into low- and high-risk genotypes, depending on the risk of such HPV-associated lesions undergoing malignant transformation. The high-risk genotypes include HPV 16 and 18, which are responsible for a variety of human cancers. The most common malignancies that are associated with HPV infection are cervical cancer, oropharyngeal cancer and anal cancer. Screening for HPV precursor lesions in women has led to a drastic reduction in cervical cancer morbidity and mortality in the last 30 years. Unfortunately no such screening tests are available for other HPV-associated malignancies. With the advent of HPV vaccination programs a marked decrease in the prevalence of HPV was reached in vaccinated individuals. However, since these programs were initiated around 2009 the full effect on the incidence of HPV-associated cancers cannot be fully estimated yet.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Utilization of Cervical Cancer Screening Services in Kenya: The Case of Nyeri County

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Gichogo Agnes Wangeci ◽  
David Macharia
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Screening Services

<span lang="EN-US">Globally, cervical cancer continues to be a major cause of mortality and morbidity among women with developing countries accounting for more than 86% of the deaths from the disease. In Kenya, cervical cancer ranks as the second most frequent cancer among women: regrettably, with 80% of the cases presented during the late stages of the disease when the scope of successful treatment is limited. An opportunity to prevent occurrence of cervical cancer exists through cervical cancer screening for early detection and treatment of precancerous lesions before these develop to cancer. However, only a negligible proportion of women benefit from cervical cancer screening services in developing countries, including Kenya. The purpose of this descriptive survey study was to determine the factors influencing utilization of cervical cancer screening services; and focused on the women seeking maternal and family planning services at Central Provincial General Hospital, Kenya. The study established that, as in most developing countries, utilization of cervical cancer screening services was low, regardless of the women’s education level, autonomy in decision making and even good family support. The low level of awareness on the need for screening services and the long waiting time at the clinic for those seeking the services were identified as the two key issues that negatively influenced the utilization of the screening services, It is therefore recommended that the Ministry of Health and other agencies, including individuals of good will, collaborate in designing and implementing awareness campaigns through the media and other appropriate avenues, including one-to-one encounters, targeting both men and women in the communities. It is also recommended that the male partners support their women in accessing this vital life-saving service.</span>

scholarly journals Cervical Cancer Screening Programs in Europe: The Transition Towards HPV Vaccination and Population-Based HPV Testing

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Chrysostomou ◽  
Dora Stylianou ◽  
Anastasia Constantinidou ◽  
Leondios Kostrikis
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Hpv Testing ◽  
Screening Programs

Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequently occurring cancer in women around the world and can affect them during their reproductive years. Since the development of the Papanicolaou (Pap) test, screening has been essential in identifying cervical cancer at a treatable stage. With the identification of the human papillomavirus (HPV) as the causative agent of essentially all cervical cancer cases, HPV molecular screening tests and HPV vaccines for primary prevention against the virus have been developed. Accordingly, comparative studies were designed to assess the performance of cervical cancer screening methods in order to devise the best screening strategy possible. This review critically assesses the current cervical cancer screening methods as well as the implementation of HPV vaccination in Europe. The most recent European Guidelines and recommendations for organized population-based programs with HPV testing as the primary screening method are also presented. Lastly, the current landscape of cervical cancer screening programs is assessed for both European Union member states and some associated countries, in regard to the transition towards population-based screening programs with primary HPV testing.

scholarly journals Factors influencing the acceptance of HPV vaccine among civil servants in Delta State Secretariat

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1227
Author(s):  
Uchechukwuka Nnemdi Okwe ◽  
Helen Chime ◽  
Ezekiel Uba Nwose
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
High Income Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background: The importance of cervical screening and HPV vaccination cannot be overemphasized. Yet, the level of uptake of HPV vaccination has never been evaluated among Secretariat personnel in Delta State of Nigeria. This part-of-four piece of study aimed to identify the barriers to the acceptance of HPV vaccination in Delta State, Nigeria.Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive survey method was adopted using a structured questionnaire. 285 participants were included. The structured questionnaire included questions on acceptance of HPV vaccination and the factors influencing acceptability. Statistical analysis included percentage proportions of respondents. Absolute and relative frequencies of the factors were also determined. Chi-squared analysis was performed based on dichotomy of participants based on yes/no response to being vaccinated.Results: Less than 8% of respondents have completed the HPV vaccination program. Low income earners have accepted the vaccination more than the high income group (p <0.003). Nature of work implying time constraints was an absolute factor. Accessibility is one of four factors that were significantly associated (p <0.002).Conclusions: Given the observation on nature of work and associated implication of time constraints and also inaccessibility as potentially major factors; it suffices to suggest that acceptance of HPV vaccination may be improved by expounding the days and sites of vaccination programs to be closer to the offices and scheduled around lunch-break times.

Trends of Gynecological Cancers in Turkey: Toward Europe or Asia?

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (8S) ◽  
pp. S1-S9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Gultekin ◽  
Irem Kucukyildiz ◽  
Mujdegul Zayifoglu Karaca ◽  
Selin Dundar ◽  
Guledal Boztas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Registry ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Gynecological Cancer ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Gynecological Cancers ◽  
Cervical Cancer Incidence ◽  
National Cancer Registry

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate nationwide gynecological cancer trends in Turkey.MethodsNational cancer registry data (2009–2013) of Turkish Ministry of Health were evaluated. Ovarian, cervical, endometrial, vulvar, vaginal, and tubal cancers are evaluated with respect to age of diagnosis, incidence rates within years, stage, histological distributions, and mortality rates. Data were collected from active cancer registry centers, which increased from 23% in 2009 to 47.5% coverage of the whole population by 2012, and mortality data (2010–2015) were obtained from the Turkish Statistical Institute.ResultsA total of 16,023 gynecological cancers were evaluated among 116,940 female patients with cancer (13.7%). Average incidence for gynecological cancers was 22.7 of 100,000, representing 8437 total new cases annually. Incidence changes within time were not statistically significant, when evaluated for each tumor type. Estimated risk of gynecological cancer development before the age of 80 years was 3.08% (95% confidence interval, 3.07–3.09). The most common gynecological cancers were uterine corpus cancers, which were followed by ovarian and cervical carcinomas. Ovarian and uterine cancer incidences were closer to European levels rather than Asian countries, whereas cervical cancer incidence was extremely low. Gynecological cancers constituted an important fraction of cancer-related mortality in women by comprising approximately 10.35% of cancer-related deaths. Mortality rates due to gynecological cancers did not show a statistically significant increase within years.ConclusionsThis is the first national cancer registry report to be published for gynecological cancers by the Turkish Governmental Department. As a result, Turkish gynecological cancer epidemiological data were consistent with the data obtained from European and developed countries rather than Asian countries, except for cervical cancer incidence, which is extremely low.

Trends of Gynecological Cancers in Turkey: Toward Europe or Asia?

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1525-1533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Gultekin ◽  
Irem Kucukyildiz ◽  
Mujdegul Zayifoglu Karaca ◽  
Selin Dundar ◽  
Guledal Boztas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Registry ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Gynecological Cancer ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Gynecological Cancers ◽  
Cervical Cancer Incidence ◽  
National Cancer Registry

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate nationwide gynecological cancer trends in Turkey.MethodsNational cancer registry data (2009–2013) of Turkish Ministry of Health were evaluated. Ovarian, cervical, endometrial, vulvar, vaginal, and tubal cancers are evaluated with respect to age of diagnosis, incidence rates within years, stage, histological distributions, and mortality rates. Data were collected from active cancer registry centers, which increased from 23% in 2009 to 47.5% coverage of the whole population by 2012, and mortality data (2010–2015) were obtained from the Turkish Statistical Institute.ResultsA total of 16,023 gynecological cancers were evaluated among 116,940 female patients with cancer (13.7%). Average incidence for gynecological cancers was 22.7 of 100,000, representing 8437 total new cases annually. Incidence changes within time were not statistically significant, when evaluated for each tumor type. Estimated risk of gynecological cancer development before the age of 80 years was 3.08% (95% confidence interval, 3.07–3.09). The most common gynecological cancers were uterine corpus cancers, which were followed by ovarian and cervical carcinomas. Ovarian and uterine cancer incidences were closer to European levels rather than Asian countries, whereas cervical cancer incidence was extremely low. Gynecological cancers constituted an important fraction of cancer-related mortality in women by comprising approximately 10.35% of cancer-related deaths. Mortality rates due to gynecological cancers did not show a statistically significant increase within years.ConclusionsThis is the first national cancer registry report to be published for gynecological cancers by the Turkish Governmental Department. As a result, Turkish gynecological cancer epidemiological data were consistent with the data obtained from European and developed countries rather than Asian countries, except for cervical cancer incidence, which is extremely low.

scholarly journals Human papillomaviruses: The cervical cancer saga in developing countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 819-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatimah Saeed Alhamlan ◽  
Mohammed N A AlAhdal ◽  
Ali S Al-Zahrani ◽  
Shaihana A Almatrrouk
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
National Level ◽  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer affecting women, with worldwide annual incidence and mortality rates of 528,000 and 266,000, respectively, according to the World Health Organization. It is well established that cervical cancer is predominantly caused by a persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of cervical cells. Increasing numbers of studies have investigated HPV and cervical cancer, contributing greatly to the global knowledge and unraveling some of the critical questions regarding HPV transmission, infection, and prevention. However, despite these studies, our knowledge is far from complete and much remains to be discovered. Although molecular detection and HPV prophylactic approaches have greatly advanced in recent years, approximately 85% of the global burden of mortality from cervical cancer still occurs in developing countries. Clinical and molecular epidemiological studies have demonstrated a need for developing countries in general to adopt cervical screening and vaccination programs. However, studies examining cervical cancer screening modalities and HPV prevalence as well as whether HPV vaccination programs should be implemented are lacking at the national level in some developing countries. Therefore, this review describes the current status of HPV in developing countries, presenting some of the existing challenges in implementing cervical screening and HPV vaccination programs.

scholarly journals Patterns of breast, prostate and cervical cancer incidence and mortality in Colombia: An administrative registry data analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Alexandra Hernández Vargas ◽  
Paula Ximena Ramírez Barbosa ◽  
Ana Milena Gil Quijano ◽  
Ana María Valbuena García ◽  
Lizbeth Acuña Merchán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cervical Cancer Incidence ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Abstract Background Cancer is widely recognized as a global public health problem. Breast, prostate and cervical cancer are among the most frequent types in developing countries. Assessing their incidence and mortality by regions and municipalities is important to guide evidence-based health policy. Our aim was to describe the incidence and mortality trends for breast, cervical and prostate cancer across regions and municipalities in Colombia during 2018. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis with data from people with breast, prostate or cervical cancer, reported to the National Administrative Cancer Registry during 2018. A descriptive analysis was performed. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were estimated at national, regional and municipal levels. Finally, we identify the regions and municipalities with significantly higher or lower incidence and mortality rates compared to national estimations. Results Breast cancer was the most frequent type among all new cases and deaths in Colombia. Breast, prostate and cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates were: 18,69 (CI 95%: 18,15–19,25) and 10,48 (CI 95%: 10,07–10,91); 11,34 (CI 95%: 10,90 − 11,78) and 7,58 (CI 95%: 7,22 − 7,96); 5,93 (CI 95%: 5,62 − 6,25) and 4,31 (CI 95%: 4,05 − 4,58), respectively. Eastern region had both, incidence and mortality rates, significantly lower than national for all types of cancer. By municipalities, there were a heterogeneous pattern. Nonetheless, Agua de Dios (Cundinamarca), had one of the highest incidence rates for all types. Conclusions We observed clear differences in cancer incidence and mortality across regions and municipalities, depending on each type of cancer. Our findings are important to improve screening coverage, early detection and treatment in the country.

scholarly journals Patterns of breast, prostate and cervical cancer incidence and mortality in Colombia: An administrative registry data analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Alexandra Hernández Vargas ◽  
Paula Ximena Ramírez Barbosa ◽  
Ana Milena Gil Quijano ◽  
Ana María Valbuena García ◽  
Lizbeth Acuña Merchán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cervical Cancer Incidence ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Abstract Background: Cancer is widely recognized as a global public health problem. Breast, prostate, and cervical cancer are among the most frequent types in developing countries. Assessing their incidence and mortality by regions and municipalities is important to guide evidence-based health policy. Our aim was to describe the incidence and mortality trends for breast, cervical, and prostate cancer across regions and municipalities in Colombia during 2018.Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis with data from people with breast, prostate, or cervical cancer, reported to the National Administrative Cancer Registry during 2018. A descriptive analysis was performed. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were estimated at national, regional, and municipal levels. Finally, we identify the regions and municipalities with significantly higher or lower incidence and mortality rates compared to national estimations. Results: Breast cancer was the most frequent type among all new cases and deaths in Colombia. Breast, prostate and cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates per 100,000 were: 18.69 (CI 95%: 18.15-19.25) and 10.48 (CI 95%: 10.07-10.91); 11.34 (CI 95%: 10.90-11.78) and 7.58 (CI 95%: 7.22-7.96); 5.93 (CI 95%: 5.62-6.25) and 4.31 (CI 95%: 4.05-4.58), respectively. Eastern region had both, incidence and mortality rates, significantly lower than national for all types of cancer. By municipalities, there was a heterogeneous pattern. Nonetheless, Agua de Dios (Cundinamarca), had one of the highest incidence rates for all types. Conclusions: We observed clear differences in cancer incidence and mortality across regions and municipalities, depending on each type of cancer. Our findings are important to improve screening coverage, early detection, and treatment in the country.

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