Helicobacter pylori colonization and oral health in children

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a microaerophilic gram-negative bacterium infecting approximately one half of the world’s population. The oral cavity and dental plaque may be a reservoir for H. pylori infection. Diagnosis of H. pylori infection in children differs from that of adults. Although H. pylori has long been known to be detected in the oral cavity, the significance of such findings are controversial. Oral H. pylori may play an important role in re-infection of the gastric mucosa. The gold standard for eradicating H. pylori infection is standard triple therapy. The studies have shown promising results in the management of both oral and gastric H. pylori.

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Prevalence ofHelicobacter pylori vacAGenotypes andcagAGene in Dental Plaque of Asymptomatic Mexican Children

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2017/4923640 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alejandra Mendoza-Cantú ◽

Víctor Hugo Urrutia-Baca ◽

Cynthia Sofía Urbina-Ríos ◽

Myriam Angélica De la Garza-Ramos ◽

Martha Elena García-Martínez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Gastrointestinal Disease ◽

Oral Infection ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Mexican Children ◽

Asymptomatic Children ◽

Dyspeptic Symptoms ◽

H Pylori

The variability inHelicobacter pylori vacAandcagAgenes has been related to the progression of the gastrointestinal disease; also the presence ofH. pyloriin the oral cavity has been associated with periodontal disease in adults, but, in children without dyspeptic symptoms, little is known about this. We evaluated the prevalence ofH. pyloriand the presence ofvacA/cagAgenotypes in the oral cavity of Mexican children without dyspeptic symptoms. The gingival status was measured, and dental plaque samples (n=100) were taken. 38% of children were positive forH. pylori16S rRNA gene by qPCR. A significant association betweenH. pylorioral infection and gingival status was observed (P<0.001). In 34.6% (9/26) of mild gingivitis cases,s1m2genotype was found, whiles1m1was typed in 50% (3/6) of moderate gingivitis. ThecagAprevalence amongH. pylori-positive children was 80.8% (21/26), 83.3% (5/6), and 16.7% (1/6) of cases of mild gingivitis, moderate gingivitis, and nongingivitis, respectively (P<0.001). Thes1m1/cagA+ combinational genotype was the most detected in children with gingivitis. Our results suggest that the prevalence ofH. pyloriand detection ofvacA/cagAgenotypes-associated gastrointestinal disease in the oral cavity could be related to the progression of gingivitis in asymptomatic children.

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The influence of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy on the presence of H. pylori antigens in dental plaque and saliva

Progress in Health Sciences ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0009.5016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 19-24

Author(s):

DB. Namiot ◽

K. Leszczyńska ◽

A. Namiot ◽

A. Kemona ◽

R. Bucki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Eradication Therapy ◽

Oral Infection ◽

Helicobacter Pylori Eradication ◽

Immunological Method ◽

H Pylori ◽

Helicobacter Pylori Eradication Therapy

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of H. pylori antigens in the oral cavity (dental plaque and saliva) of patients undergoing systemic eradication therapy. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in 49 subjects with H. pylori stomach infection. H. pylori antigens in dental plaque and saliva were evaluated with immunological method. Results: In subjects with initial H. pylori oral infection, the presence of H. pylori antigens in the oral cavity 6 weeks after successful or unsuccessful H. pylori eradication therapy in the stomach was 47.0% and 50.0%, respectively. In subjects without initial oral infection with H. pylori, the presence of H. pylori antigens in the oral cavity 6 weeks after successful and unsuccessful eradication therapy in the stomach was 30.0% and 20.0%, respectively. Conclusions: The immunological method detecting H. pylori antigens in the dental plaque and saliva cannot be recommended to evaluate the efficacy of H. pylori eradication in the oral cavity.

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Gene structure of the Helicobacter pylori cytotoxin and evidence of its key role in gastric disease.

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.179.5.1653 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 179 (5) ◽

pp. 1653-1658 ◽

Cited By ~ 383

Author(s):

J L Telford ◽

P Ghiara ◽

M Dell'Orco ◽

M Comanducci ◽

D Burroni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Peptic Ulcer ◽

Gastric Mucosa ◽

Chronic Infection ◽

Gastric Disease ◽

Human Gastric Mucosa ◽

Gastric Lesions ◽

Gram Negative ◽

H Pylori ◽

Cytotoxin Gene

The gram negative, microaerophilic bacterium Helicobacter pylori colonizes the human gastric mucosa and establishes a chronic infection that is tightly associated with atrophic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric carcinoma. Cloning of the H. pylori cytotoxin gene shows that the protein is synthesized as a 140-kD precursor that is processed to a 94-kD fully active toxin. Oral administration to mice of the purified 94-kD protein caused ulceration and gastric lesions that bear some similarities to the pathology observed in humans. The cloning of the cytotoxin gene and the development of a mouse model of human gastric disease will provide the basis for the understanding of H. pylori pathogenesis and the development of therapeutics and vaccines.

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OralHelicobacter pylori: Can We Stomach It?

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine ◽

10.1177/154411130301400307 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 226-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

S.A. Dowsett ◽

M.J. Kowolik

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Human Stomach ◽

Future Research ◽

Gastric Disease ◽

Transmission Process ◽

Dental Profession ◽

H Pylori

Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common in man. The bacterium primarily resides in the human stomach, where it plays a significant role in gastric disease. If the spread of H. pylori is to be prevented, an understanding of the transmission process is essential. The oral cavity has been proposed as a reservoir for gastric H. pylori, which has been detected by culture and PCR in both dental plaque and saliva. This review will discuss the evidence for the role of the oral cavity in the transmission of gastric H. pylori. Moreover, the difficulties encountered in addressing this topic, possible directions for future research, and the implications for the dental profession are discussed.

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Structural basis of Lewisb antigen binding by the Helicobacter pylori adhesin BabA

Science Advances ◽

10.1126/sciadv.1500315 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (7) ◽

pp. e1500315 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Naim Hage ◽

Tina Howard ◽

Chris Phillips ◽

Claire Brassington ◽

Ross Overman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Gastric Mucosa ◽

Structural Model ◽

Tertiary Structure ◽

Structural Information ◽

Structural Basis ◽

Side Chain ◽

Negative Bacterium ◽

Network Of Hydrogen Bonds ◽

H Pylori

Helicobacter pylori is a leading cause of peptic ulceration and gastric cancer worldwide. To achieve colonization of the stomach, this Gram-negative bacterium adheres to Lewisb (Leb) antigens in the gastric mucosa using its outer membrane protein BabA. Structural information for BabA has been elusive, and thus, its molecular mechanism for recognizing Leb antigens remains unknown. We present the crystal structure of the extracellular domain of BabA, from H. pylori strain J99, in the absence and presence of Leb at 2.0- and 2.1-Å resolutions, respectively. BabA is a predominantly α-helical molecule with a markedly kinked tertiary structure containing a single, shallow Leb binding site at its tip within a β-strand motif. No conformational change occurs in BabA upon binding of Leb, which is characterized by low affinity under acidic [KD (dissociation constant) of ~227 μM] and neutral (KD of ~252 μM) conditions. Binding is mediated by a network of hydrogen bonds between Leb Fuc1, GlcNAc3, Fuc4, and Gal5 residues and a total of eight BabA amino acids (C189, G191, N194, N206, D233, S234, S244, and T246) through both carbonyl backbone and side-chain interactions. The structural model was validated through the generation of two BabA variants containing N206A and combined D233A/S244A substitutions, which result in a reduction and complete loss of binding affinity to Leb, respectively. Knowledge of the molecular basis of Leb recognition by BabA provides a platform for the development of therapeutics targeted at inhibiting H. pylori adherence to the gastric mucosa.

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Efficacy and gut dysbiosis of gentamicin-intercalated smectite as a new therapeutic agent against Helicobacter pylori in a mouse model

10.1101/2020.06.30.179911 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Su Jin Jeong ◽

Kyoung Hwa Lee ◽

Jie-Hyun Kim ◽

Soon Young Park ◽

Young Goo Song

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Gastric Mucosa ◽

Triple Therapy ◽

Eradication Rate ◽

Therapeutic Agent ◽

Fecal Microbiome ◽

Microbiome Composition ◽

Standard Triple Therapy ◽

H Pylori

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori eradication rate with conventional standard therapy is decreasing owing to antibiotic resistance, necessitating novel antibacterial strategies against H. pylori. We evaluated the efficacy of a gentamicin-intercalated smectite hybrid (S-GM)-based treatment, and analyzed fecal microbiome composition in H. pylori-infected mice.MethodologyTo evaluate anti-H. pylori efficacy, mice were divided into eight groups, and H. pylori eradication was assessed by Campylobacter-like organism (CLO) test and PCR assay of H. pylori in gastric mucosa. One week after H. pylori eradication, proinflammatory cytokine levels and atrophic changes in gastric mucosa were examined. Stool specimens were collected and analyzed for microbiome changes. The S-GM-based triple regimen decreased bacterial burden in vivo, compared with that in untreated mice or mice treated with other regimens. The therapeutic reactions in the CLO test from gastric mucosa were both 90% in standard triple therapy and S-GM therapy group, respectively. Those of H. pylori PCR in mouse gastric mucosa were significantly lower in standard triple therapy and S-GM therapy groups than in non-treatment group. Toxicity test results showed that S-GM therapy reduced IL-8 level and atrophic changes in gastric mucosa. Stool microbiome analysis revealed that compared with mice treated with the standard triple therapy, mice treated with the S-GM therapy showed microbiome diversity and abundant microorganisms at the phylum level.ConclusionOur results suggested that S-GM is a promising and effective therapeutic agent against H. pylori infection.Author summaryThe eradication rate on Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) showed decreasing trend due to antibiotic resistance, especially clarithromycin. Therefore, we made a smectite hybrid as a drug delivery system using aminoglycosides antibiotic-gentamicin, and applied it to the mouse stomach wall to confirm the localized therapeutic effect, and set the different treatment duration to verify the effect. As a result, it was confirmed that the therapeutic efficacy of gentamicin (GM)-intercalated smectite hybrid (S-GM) was not inferior to the existing standard triple therapy, based on amoxicillin and clarithromycin, and preserved the diversity of gut microbiome composition. Therefore, a S-GM treatment is expected to be a new alternative regimen to H. pylori infection.

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Efficacy and Gut Dysbiosis of Gentamicin-Intercalated Smectite as a New Therapeutic Agent against Helicobacter pylori in a Mouse Model

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics9080502 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 502

Author(s):

Su Jin Jeong ◽

Kyoung Hwa Lee ◽

Jie-Hyun Kim ◽

Soon Young Park ◽

Young Goo Song

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Gastric Mucosa ◽

Triple Therapy ◽

Therapeutic Agent ◽

Therapy Group ◽

Fecal Microbiome ◽

Microbiome Composition ◽

Standard Triple Therapy ◽

H Pylori

Helicobacter pylori eradication rate with conventional standard therapy is decreasing owing to antibiotic resistance, necessitating novel antibacterial strategies against H. pylori. We evaluated the efficacy of a gentamicin-intercalated smectite hybrid (S-GM)-based treatment and analyzed fecal microbiome composition in H. pylori-infected mice. To evaluate anti-H. pylori efficacy, mice were divided into eight groups, and H. pylori eradication was assessed by a Campylobacter-like organism (CLO) test and PCR assay of H. pylori in gastric mucosa. One week after H. pylori eradication, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and atrophic changes in gastric mucosa were examined. Stool specimens were collected and analyzed for microbiome changes. The S-GM-based triple regimen decreased bacterial burden in vivo, compared with that in untreated mice or mice treated with other regimens. The therapeutic reactions in the CLO test from gastric mucosa were both 90% in the standard triple therapy and S-GM therapy group, respectively. Those of H. pylori PCR in mouse gastric mucosa were significantly lower in standard triple therapy and S-GM therapy groups than in the non-treatment group. Toxicity test results showed that S-GM therapy reduced IL-8 level and atrophic changes in gastric mucosa. Stool microbiome analysis revealed that compared with mice treated with the standard triple therapy, mice treated with the S-GM therapy showed microbiome diversity and abundant microorganisms at the phylum level. Our results suggested that S-GM is a promising and effective therapeutic agent against H. pylori infection.

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Oral Cavity as an Extragastric Reservoir of Helicobacter pylori

ISRN Gastroenterology ◽

10.1155/2014/261369 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Arwa Al Sayed ◽

Pradeep S. Anand ◽

Kavitha P. Kamath ◽

Shankargouda Patil ◽

R. S. Preethanath ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

H Pylori ◽

The Impact

Background. Several studies were reported on the prevalence, and relationship between the existence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in oral cavity and in stomach of patients. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the existing literature on the presence of H. pylori in the oral cavity and its link to gastric infection, the existence of coinfection, and the impact of anti-H. pylori therapy on the dental plaque and vice versa. Method. Two authors independently searched the Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases for relevant studies. The articles were analyzed critically and all qualified studies were included. The search was carried out by using a combined text and the MeSH search strategies: using the key words Helicobacter, Helicobacter pylori, and H. pylori in combination with dental plaque, periodontitis, and oral hygiene. Results. The data was presented in 8 tables and each topic separately discussed. Conclusion. Based on the systematic review of the available literature on H. pylori infection and its presence in the oral cavity, it can be concluded that dental plaque can act as a reservoir, and proper oral hygiene maintenance is essential to prevent reinfection. Due to the diversified methods and population groups involved in the available literature, no concrete evidence can be laid down. Further studies are necessary to establish the role of H. pylori in the oral cavity and its eradication on preventing the gastroduodenal infection.

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Distribution of Helicobacter pylori and Periodontopathic Bacterial Species in the Oral Cavity

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines8060161 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 161

Author(s):

Tamami Kadota ◽

Masakazu Hamada ◽

Ryota Nomura ◽

Yuko Ogaya ◽

Rena Okawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽

Nested Pcr ◽

Dental Pulp ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

H Pylori ◽

The Relationship

The oral cavity may serve as a reservoir of Helicobacter pylori. However, the factors required for H. pylori colonization are unknown. Here, we analyzed the relationship between the presence of H. pylori in the oral cavity and that of major periodontopathic bacterial species. Nested PCR was performed to detect H. pylori and these bacterial species in specimens of saliva, dental plaque, and dental pulp of 39 subjects. H. pylori was detected in seven dental plaque samples (17.9%), two saliva specimens (5.1%), and one dental pulp (2.6%) specimen. The periodontal pockets around the teeth, from which dental plaque specimens were collected, were significantly deeper in H. pylori-positive than H. pylori-negative subjects (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major periodontopathic pathogen, was detected at a significantly higher frequency in H. pylori-positive than in H. pylori-negative dental plaque specimens (p < 0.05). The distribution of genes encoding fimbriae (fimA), involved in the periodontal pathogenicity of P. gingivalis, differed between H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative subjects. We conclude that H. pylori can be present in the oral cavity along with specific periodontopathic bacterial species, although its interaction with these bacteria is not clear.

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The rod-to-coccoid body transformation in cultures of Helicobacter pylori

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100160686 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 626-627

Author(s):

A. R. Crooker ◽

W. G. Kraft ◽

T. L. Beard ◽

M. C. Myers

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Growth Cycle ◽

Negative Bacterium ◽

Body Formation ◽

Coccoid Form ◽

Spiral Form ◽

Prolonged Culture ◽

H Pylori ◽

Upper Gastrointestinal

Helicobacter pylori is a microaerophilic, gram-negative bacterium found in the upper gastrointestinal tract of humans. There is strong evidence that H. pylori is important in the etiology of gastritis; the bacterium may also be a major predisposing cause of peptic ulceration. On the gastric mucosa, the organism exists as a spiral form with one to seven sheathed flagella at one (usually) or both poles. Short spirals were seen in the first successful culture of the organism in 1983. In 1984, Marshall and Warren reported a coccoid form in older cultures. Since that time, other workers have observed rod and coccal forms in vitro; coccoid forms predominate in cultures 3-7 days old. We sought to examine the growth cycle of H. pylori in prolonged culture and the mode of coccoid body formation.

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