OralHelicobacter pylori: Can We Stomach It?

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Dowsett ◽  
M.J. Kowolik
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Human Stomach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gastric Disease ◽  
Transmission Process ◽  
Dental Profession ◽  
H Pylori

Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common in man. The bacterium primarily resides in the human stomach, where it plays a significant role in gastric disease. If the spread of H. pylori is to be prevented, an understanding of the transmission process is essential. The oral cavity has been proposed as a reservoir for gastric H. pylori, which has been detected by culture and PCR in both dental plaque and saliva. This review will discuss the evidence for the role of the oral cavity in the transmission of gastric H. pylori. Moreover, the difficulties encountered in addressing this topic, possible directions for future research, and the implications for the dental profession are discussed.

scholarly journals Oral Cavity as an Extragastric Reservoir of Helicobacter pylori

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arwa Al Sayed ◽  
Pradeep S. Anand ◽  
Kavitha P. Kamath ◽  
Shankargouda Patil ◽  
R. S. Preethanath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
The Impact

Background. Several studies were reported on the prevalence, and relationship between the existence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in oral cavity and in stomach of patients. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the existing literature on the presence of H. pylori in the oral cavity and its link to gastric infection, the existence of coinfection, and the impact of anti-H. pylori therapy on the dental plaque and vice versa. Method. Two authors independently searched the Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases for relevant studies. The articles were analyzed critically and all qualified studies were included. The search was carried out by using a combined text and the MeSH search strategies: using the key words Helicobacter, Helicobacter pylori, and H. pylori in combination with dental plaque, periodontitis, and oral hygiene. Results. The data was presented in 8 tables and each topic separately discussed. Conclusion. Based on the systematic review of the available literature on H. pylori infection and its presence in the oral cavity, it can be concluded that dental plaque can act as a reservoir, and proper oral hygiene maintenance is essential to prevent reinfection. Due to the diversified methods and population groups involved in the available literature, no concrete evidence can be laid down. Further studies are necessary to establish the role of H. pylori in the oral cavity and its eradication on preventing the gastroduodenal infection.

scholarly journals Helicobacter pylori colonization and oral health in children

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
Vasile Valeriu LUPU ◽  
◽  
Gabriela PĂDURARU ◽  
Anca ADAM ◽  
Ana-Maria DĂBULEANU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Negative Bacterium ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Standard Triple Therapy ◽  
H Pylori

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a microaerophilic gram-negative bacterium infecting approximately one half of the world’s population. The oral cavity and dental plaque may be a reservoir for H. pylori infection. Diagnosis of H. pylori infection in children differs from that of adults. Although H. pylori has long been known to be detected in the oral cavity, the significance of such findings are controversial. Oral H. pylori may play an important role in re-infection of the gastric mucosa. The gold standard for eradicating H. pylori infection is standard triple therapy. The studies have shown promising results in the management of both oral and gastric H. pylori.

scholarly journals Prevalence ofHelicobacter pylori vacAGenotypes andcagAGene in Dental Plaque of Asymptomatic Mexican Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Mendoza-Cantú ◽  
Víctor Hugo Urrutia-Baca ◽  
Cynthia Sofía Urbina-Ríos ◽  
Myriam Angélica De la Garza-Ramos ◽  
Martha Elena García-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Oral Infection ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Mexican Children ◽  
Asymptomatic Children ◽  
Dyspeptic Symptoms ◽  
H Pylori

The variability inHelicobacter pylori vacAandcagAgenes has been related to the progression of the gastrointestinal disease; also the presence ofH. pyloriin the oral cavity has been associated with periodontal disease in adults, but, in children without dyspeptic symptoms, little is known about this. We evaluated the prevalence ofH. pyloriand the presence ofvacA/cagAgenotypes in the oral cavity of Mexican children without dyspeptic symptoms. The gingival status was measured, and dental plaque samples (n=100) were taken. 38% of children were positive forH. pylori16S rRNA gene by qPCR. A significant association betweenH. pylorioral infection and gingival status was observed (P<0.001). In 34.6% (9/26) of mild gingivitis cases,s1m2genotype was found, whiles1m1was typed in 50% (3/6) of moderate gingivitis. ThecagAprevalence amongH. pylori-positive children was 80.8% (21/26), 83.3% (5/6), and 16.7% (1/6) of cases of mild gingivitis, moderate gingivitis, and nongingivitis, respectively (P<0.001). Thes1m1/cagA+ combinational genotype was the most detected in children with gingivitis. Our results suggest that the prevalence ofH. pyloriand detection ofvacA/cagAgenotypes-associated gastrointestinal disease in the oral cavity could be related to the progression of gingivitis in asymptomatic children.

The influence of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy on the presence of H. pylori antigens in dental plaque and saliva

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
DB. Namiot ◽  
K. Leszczyńska ◽  
A. Namiot ◽  
A. Kemona ◽  
R. Bucki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Eradication Therapy ◽  
Oral Infection ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Eradication ◽  
Immunological Method ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Eradication Therapy

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of H. pylori antigens in the oral cavity (dental plaque and saliva) of patients undergoing systemic eradication therapy. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in 49 subjects with H. pylori stomach infection. H. pylori antigens in dental plaque and saliva were evaluated with immunological method. Results: In subjects with initial H. pylori oral infection, the presence of H. pylori antigens in the oral cavity 6 weeks after successful or unsuccessful H. pylori eradication therapy in the stomach was 47.0% and 50.0%, respectively. In subjects without initial oral infection with H. pylori, the presence of H. pylori antigens in the oral cavity 6 weeks after successful and unsuccessful eradication therapy in the stomach was 30.0% and 20.0%, respectively. Conclusions: The immunological method detecting H. pylori antigens in the dental plaque and saliva cannot be recommended to evaluate the efficacy of H. pylori eradication in the oral cavity.

scholarly journals Medium pH-dependent redistribution of the urease of Helicobacter pylori

2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Hong ◽  
Kouichi Sano ◽  
Shinichi Morimatsu ◽  
David R. Scott ◽  
David L. Weeks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Intracellular Transport ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Gastric Disease ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Gold Particles ◽  
Outer Portion ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Extracellular Environment

Helicobacter pylori is an aetiological agent of gastric disease. Although the role of urease in gastric colonization of H. pylori has been shown, it remains unclear as to where urease is located in this bacterial cell. The purpose of this study was to define the urease-associated apparatus in the H. pylori cytoplasm. H. pylori was incubated at both a neutral and an acidic pH in the presence or absence of urea and examined by double indirect immunoelectron microscopy. The density of gold particles for UreA was greatest in the inner portion of the wild-type H. pylori cytoplasm at neutral pH but was greatest in the outer portion at acidic pH. This difference was independent of the presence of urea and was not observed in the ureI-deletion mutant. Also, the eccentric shift of urease in acidic pH was not observed in UreI. After a 2 day incubation period at acidic pH, it was observed that the urease gold particles in H. pylori assembled and were associated with UreI gold particles. Urease immunoreactivity shifted from the inner to the outer portion of H. pylori as a result of an extracellular decrease in pH. This shift was urea-independent and UreI-dependent, suggesting an additional role of UreI in urease-dependent acid resistance. This is the first report of the intracellular transport of molecules in bacteria in response to changes in the extracellular environment.

scholarly journals Oral microbiota and Helicobacter pylori in gastric carcinogenesis: what do we know and where next?

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Zahra Bakhti ◽  
Saeid Latifi-Navid
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Transmission ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Prevention Methods

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies causing death worldwide, and Helicobacter pylori is a powerful inducer of precancerous lesions and GC. The oral microbiota is a complex ecosystem and is responsible for maintaining homeostasis, modulating the immune system, and resisting pathogens. It has been proposed that the gastric microbiota of oral origin is involved in the development and progression of GC. Nevertheless, the causal relationship between oral microbiota and GC and the role of H. pylori in this relationship is still controversial. This study was set to review the investigations done on oral microbiota and analyze various lines of evidence regarding the role of oral microbiota in GC, to date. Also, we discussed the interaction and relationship between H. pylori and oral microbiota in GC and the current understanding with regard to the underlying mechanisms of oral microbiota in carcinogenesis. More importantly, detecting the patterns of interaction between the oral cavity microbiota and H. pylori may render new clues for the diagnosis or screening of cancer. Integration of oral microbiota and H. pylori might manifest a potential method for the assessment of GC risk. Hence it needs to be specified the patterns of bacterial transmission from the oral cavity to the stomach and their interaction. Further evidence on the mechanisms underlying the oral microbiota communities and how they trigger GC may contribute to the identification of new prevention methods for GC. We may then modulate the oral microbiota by intervening with oral-gastric bacterial transmission or controlling certain bacteria in the oral cavity.

scholarly journals Distribution of Helicobacter pylori and Periodontopathic Bacterial Species in the Oral Cavity

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Tamami Kadota ◽  
Masakazu Hamada ◽  
Ryota Nomura ◽  
Yuko Ogaya ◽  
Rena Okawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
The Relationship

The oral cavity may serve as a reservoir of Helicobacter pylori. However, the factors required for H. pylori colonization are unknown. Here, we analyzed the relationship between the presence of H. pylori in the oral cavity and that of major periodontopathic bacterial species. Nested PCR was performed to detect H. pylori and these bacterial species in specimens of saliva, dental plaque, and dental pulp of 39 subjects. H. pylori was detected in seven dental plaque samples (17.9%), two saliva specimens (5.1%), and one dental pulp (2.6%) specimen. The periodontal pockets around the teeth, from which dental plaque specimens were collected, were significantly deeper in H. pylori-positive than H. pylori-negative subjects (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major periodontopathic pathogen, was detected at a significantly higher frequency in H. pylori-positive than in H. pylori-negative dental plaque specimens (p < 0.05). The distribution of genes encoding fimbriae (fimA), involved in the periodontal pathogenicity of P. gingivalis, differed between H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative subjects. We conclude that H. pylori can be present in the oral cavity along with specific periodontopathic bacterial species, although its interaction with these bacteria is not clear.

scholarly journals Adhesion of Helicobacter Species to the Human Gastric Mucosa: A Deep Look Into Glycans Role

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Matos ◽  
Irina Amorim ◽  
Ana Magalhães ◽  
Freddy Haesebrouck ◽  
Fátima Gärtner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Human Stomach ◽  
Gastric Disease ◽  
Human Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Peptic Ulcers ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
Glycan Receptors ◽  
H Pylori

Helicobacter species infections may be associated with the development of gastric disorders, such as gastritis, peptic ulcers, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and gastric carcinoma. Binding of these bacteria to the gastric mucosa occurs through the recognition of specific glycan receptors expressed by the host epithelial cells. This review addresses the state of the art knowledge on these host glycan structures and the bacterial adhesins involved in Helicobacter spp. adhesion to gastric mucosa colonization. Glycans are expressed on every cell surface and they are crucial for several biological processes, including protein folding, cell signaling and recognition, and host-pathogen interactions. Helicobacter pylori is the most predominant gastric Helicobacter species in humans. The adhesion of this bacterium to glycan epitopes present on the gastric epithelial surface is a crucial step for a successful colonization. Major adhesins essential for colonization and infection are the blood-group antigen-binding adhesin (BabA) which mediates the interaction with fucosylated H-type 1 and Lewis B glycans, and the sialic acid-binding adhesin (SabA) which recognizes the sialyl-Lewis A and X glycan antigens. Since not every H. pylori strain expresses functional BabA or SabA adhesins, other bacterial proteins are most probably also involved in this adhesion process, including LabA (LacdiNAc-binding adhesin), which binds to the LacdiNAc motif on MUC5AC mucin. Besides H. pylori, several other gastric non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacters (NHPH), mainly associated with pigs (H. suis) and pets (H. felis, H. bizzozeronii, H. salomonis, and H. heilmannii), may also colonize the human stomach and cause gastric disease, including gastritis, peptic ulcers and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. These NHPH lack homologous to the major known adhesins involved in colonization of the human stomach. In humans, NHPH infection rate is much lower than in the natural hosts. Differences in the glycosylation profile between gastric human and animal mucins acting as glycan receptors for NHPH-associated adhesins, may be involved. The identification and characterization of the key molecules involved in the adhesion of gastric Helicobacter species to the gastric mucosa is important to understand the colonization and infection strategies displayed by different members of this genus.

scholarly journals Whole-Genome Sequencing and Comparative Genomics of Three Helicobacter pylori Strains Isolated from the Stomach of a Patient with Adenocarcinoma

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 331
Author(s):  
Montserrat Palau ◽  
Núria Piqué ◽  
M. José Ramírez-Lázaro ◽  
Sergio Lario ◽  
Xavier Calvet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Outer Membrane Proteins ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Flagellar Biosynthesis ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Restriction Modification

Helicobacter pylori is a common pathogen associated with several severe digestive diseases. Although multiple virulence factors have been described, it is still unclear the role of virulence factors on H. pylori pathogenesis and disease progression. Whole genome sequencing could help to find genetic markers of virulence strains. In this work, we analyzed three complete genomes from isolates obtained at the same point in time from a stomach of a patient with adenocarcinoma, using multiple available bioinformatics tools. The genome analysis of the strains B508A-S1, B508A-T2A and B508A-T4 revealed that they were cagA, babA and sabB/hopO negative. The differences among the three genomes were mainly related to outer membrane proteins, methylases, restriction modification systems and flagellar biosynthesis proteins. The strain B508A-T2A was the only one presenting the genotype vacA s1, and had the most distinct genome as it exhibited fewer shared genes, higher number of unique genes, and more polymorphisms were found in this genome. With all the accumulated information, no significant differences were found among the isolates regarding virulence and origin of the isolates. Nevertheless, some B508A-T2A genome characteristics could be linked to the pathogenicity of H. pylori.

scholarly journals Systems Modeling of the Role of Interleukin-21 in the Maintenance of Effector CD4+ T Cell Responses during Chronic Helicobacter pylori Infection

mBio ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adria Carbo ◽  
Danyvid Olivares-Villagómez ◽  
Raquel Hontecillas ◽  
Josep Bassaganya-Riera ◽  
Rupesh Chaturvedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Interleukin 21 ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Deficient Mice

ABSTRACTThe development of gastritis duringHelicobacter pyloriinfection is dependent on an activated adaptive immune response orchestrated by T helper (Th) cells. However, the relative contributions of the Th1 and Th17 subsets to gastritis and control of infection are still under investigation. To investigate the role of interleukin-21 (IL-21) in the gastric mucosa duringH. pyloriinfection, we combined mathematical modeling of CD4+T cell differentiation within vivomechanistic studies. We infected IL-21-deficient and wild-type mice withH. pyloristrain SS1 and assessed colonization, gastric inflammation, cellular infiltration, and cytokine profiles. ChronicallyH. pylori-infected IL-21-deficient mice had higherH. pyloricolonization, significantly less gastritis, and reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines compared to these parameters in infected wild-type littermates. Thesein vivodata were used to calibrate anH. pyloriinfection-dependent, CD4+T cell-specific computational model, which then described the mechanism by which IL-21 activates the production of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and IL-17 during chronicH. pyloriinfection. The model predicted activated expression of T-bet and RORγt and the phosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT1 and suggested a potential role of IL-21 in the modulation of IL-10. Driven by our modeling-derived predictions, we found reduced levels of CD4+splenocyte-specifictbx21androrcexpression, reduced phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3, and an increase in CD4+T cell-specific IL-10 expression inH. pylori-infected IL-21-deficient mice. Our results indicate that IL-21 regulates Th1 and Th17 effector responses during chronicH. pyloriinfection in a STAT1- and STAT3-dependent manner, therefore playing a major role controllingH. pyloriinfection and gastritis.IMPORTANCEHelicobacter pyloriis the dominant member of the gastric microbiota in more than 50% of the world’s population.H. pyloricolonization has been implicated in gastritis and gastric cancer, as infection withH. pyloriis the single most common risk factor for gastric cancer. Current data suggest that, in addition to bacterial virulence factors, the magnitude and types of immune responses influence the outcome of colonization and chronic infection. This study uses a combined computational and experimental approach to investigate how IL-21, a proinflammatory T cell-derived cytokine, maintains the chronic proinflammatory T cell immune response driving chronic gastritis duringH. pyloriinfection. This research will also provide insight into a myriad of other infectious and immune disorders in which IL-21 is increasingly recognized to play a central role. The use of IL-21-related therapies may provide treatment options for individuals chronically colonized withH. pylorias an alternative to aggressive antibiotics.

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