Acquired thrombophilia in pregnancy. Study by questionnaire method in a group of pregnant women

Inherited and acquired thrombophilia are the main cause of thrombosis in pregnant women. A growing number of reports over the last few years have suggested that these disorders are also associated with an increased incidence of vascular pathologies resulting in poor gestational outcome. This article discusses recent data concerning thrombophilia and vascular placental pathology, and discusses available therapeutic modalities to prevent placental vascular thrombosis and maximize successful gestational outcome.

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TO REVIEW THE TIMING OF INTERVENTION WHICH WILL PROVIDE THE BEST OUTCOME IN HYPOTHYROIDISM IN PREGNANCY

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v3i4.209 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Dr. Archana Mohana ◽

Dr. Sujata Badoniya

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Thyroid Disease ◽

Fetal Outcome ◽

Thyroxine Therapy ◽

In Pregnancy

The Aim of this study is to Review the timing of intervention which will provide the Best Outcome in Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy. Hypothyroid pregnant women are appropriately managed with regular antenatal checkup and thyroxine therapy during pregnancy, a good maternal and fetal outcome can be achieved and congenital cretinism and other neuro developmental sequele in the offspring can be averted. Keywords: Intervention, Hyperthyroidism, Pregnancy & Thyroid disease.

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF IODINE METABOLISM IN PREGNANCY, SPORADIC GOITRE AND THYROTOXICOSIS

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0480014 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 14-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. A. Aboul-Khair ◽

J. Crooks

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Iodine Deficiency ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Iodine Uptake ◽

Thyroid Activity ◽

Deficiency State ◽

Iodine Metabolism ◽

Inorganic Iodine ◽

In Pregnancy

ABSTRACT Studies of iodine metabolism have been carried out in 15 pregnant women, 33 cases with sporadic goitre and 11 with thyrotoxicosis. A low plasma inorganic iodine was common to the three groups. In pregnancy and sporadic goitre the thyroid clearance of iodine was elevated and the absolute iodine uptake normal. A high thyroid clearance of iodine in thyrotoxicosis was associated with a high absolute iodine uptake. The results suggest that both pregnancy and sporadic goitre are physiological responses to an iodine deficiency state while the iodine deficiency state of thyrotoxicosis is secondary to increased thyroid activity.

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LEUCOCYTE METABOLISM IN PREGNANCY

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.xxxv0575 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol XXXV (IV) ◽

pp. 575-584 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C. Borel ◽

J. Frei ◽

A. Vannotti

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Phosphatase Activity ◽

Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽

Lactate Production ◽

Glucose Consumption ◽

In Pregnancy

ABSTRACT Enzymatic studies, on leucocytes of pregnant women, show an increase of the alkaline phosphatase activity and a decrease of the glucose consumption and lactate production, as well as of proteolysis. The oxygen consumption, with succinate as substrate, does not vary.

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Quantifying Pregnant Women’s Knowledge of Educational Components of Antenatal Care in Lesotho

Africa Journal of Nursing and Midwifery ◽

10.25159/2520-5293/4317 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tabeta Seeiso ◽

Mamutle M. Todd-Maja

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Maternal Mortality ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Geographic Location ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Danger Signs ◽

In Pregnancy

Antenatal care (ANC) literacy is particularly important for pregnant women who need to make appropriate decisions for care during their pregnancy and childbirth. The link between inadequate health literacy on the educational components of ANC and maternal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is undisputable. Yet, little is known about the ANC literacy of pregnant women in SSA, with most studies inadequately assessing the four critical components of ANC literacy recommended by the World Health Organization, namely danger signs in pregnancy; true signs of labour; nutrition; and preparedness for childbirth. Lesotho, a country with one of the highest maternal mortality rates in SSA, is also underexplored in this research area. This cross-sectional study explored the levels of ANC literacy and the associated factors in 451 purposively sampled women in two districts in Lesotho using a structured questionnaire, making recourse to statistical principles. Overall, 16.4 per cent of the participants had grossly inadequate ANC literacy, while 79.8 per cent had marginal levels of such knowledge. The geographic location and level of education were the most significant predictors of ANC literacy, with the latter variable further subjected to post hoc margins test with the Bonferroni correction. The participants had the lowest scores on knowledge of danger signs in pregnancy and true signs of labour. Adequate ANC literacy is critical to reducing maternal mortality in Lesotho. Improving access to ANC education, particularly in rural areas, is recommended. This study also provides important recommendations critical to informing the national midwifery curriculum.

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Overt and subclinical hypothyroidism among Bangladeshi pregnant women and its effect on fetomaternal outcome

Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin ◽

10.3329/bmrcb.v40i2.25183 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 52-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M Sharmeen ◽

PA Shamsunnahar ◽

TR Laita ◽

SB Chowdhury

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effects ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽

Thyroid Dysfunction ◽

Perinatal Outcomes ◽

Fetal Outcome ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Overt Hypothyroidism ◽

Adequate Treatment ◽

In Pregnancy

Objectives: Thyroid disorders are among the common endocrine problems in pregnant women. It is now well established that not only overt but subclinical thyroid dysfunction also has adverse effects on maternal and fetal outcome. There are few data from Bangladesh about the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy. With this background, this study aims to find out thyroid dysfunction (both overt and subclinical hypothyroidism) in pregnancy and its impact on obstetrical outcome.Methods: We studied the evaluation of 50 admitted pregnancies corresponding to 29 women with subclinical hypothyroidism and rest 21 was overt hypothyroidism. Detailed history and examination were performed. Apart from routine obstetrical investigations, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) estimation was done. Their obstetrical and perinatal outcomes were noted.Results: Overt hypothyroidism was significantly (p<0.05) higher in 25 to 44 years age group. However two and three abortions were significantly (p<0.05) higher in overt hypothyroidism patients. In sub clinical hypothyroidism 86.2% conceived firstly within 2 years and 66.7% in overt hypothyroidism patients conceived firstly in between 3 to 5 years after marriage. Overt hypothyroids were prone to have pregnancy-induced hypertension 42.9%, intrauterine growth restriction (P=0.001) and gestational diabetes (38.1%) as compared to subclinical cases. Neonatal complications were significantly more in overt hypothyroidism group. Mean TSH level was significantly (p<0.05) higher in overt hypothyroidism patients but mean FT4 level was almost similar in both groups. Majority of the patient underwent caesarean section in both groups due to associated medical and obstetrical complications. None of the babies showed hypothyroidism by cord blood tests. In this analysis our results showed that overt hypothyroidism among Bangladeshi pregnant women are associated with more maternal complication & adverse parental outcome than subclinical hypothyroidism. The adequate treatment of hypothyroidism during gestation minimizes risks and generally, makes it possible for pregnancies to be carried to term without complications. Significant adverse effects on maternal and fetal outcome were seen emphasizing the importance of routine antenatal thyroid screening.Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2014; 40 (2): 52-57

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Acceptability of single screening and treatment policy for the control of malaria in pregnancy: perceptions of providers and pregnant women from selected health facilities in Lindi region, Tanzania

Malaria Journal ◽

10.1186/s12936-021-03782-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chonge Kitojo ◽

Frank Chacky ◽

Emmanuel S. Kigadye ◽

Joseph P. Mugasa ◽

Abdallah Lusasi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Health Facilities ◽

Malaria In Pregnancy ◽

National Guidelines ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Main Challenge ◽

Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽

Experienced Pain ◽

Care Workers ◽

In Pregnancy

Abstract Background Tanzania started implementing single screening and treatment (SST) for all pregnant women attending their first antenatal care (ANC) visits in 2014, using malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and treating those who test positive according to the national guidelines. However, there is a paucity of data to show the acceptability of SST to both pregnant women and health care workers (HCWs), taking into consideration the shortage of workers and the added burden of this policy to the health system. This study assessed the perceptions and opinions of health service users and providers to determine the acceptability of SST policy. Methods Pregnant women and HCWs in eight health facilities in two districts of Lindi region (Kilwa and Lindi) were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires with open and close-ended questions. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected, including demographic characteristics, women’s experience, their perception on SST and challenges they face when receiving services for malaria offered at ANC. Experience of HCWs regarding the implementation of SST as part of routine services and the challenges encountered when providing ANC services for malaria in pregnancy (MIP) were also assessed. Results Of the 143 pregnant women interviewed, 97% viewed testing favourably and would wish to be tested for malaria again, while 95% were satisfied with services and reasons for testing during the first ANC visit. Nearly all (99%) would recommend their fellow pregnant women to be tested for malaria and all women recommended that the Ministry of Health should continue the SST strategy. This was despite the fact that 76% of the women experienced pain and 16% had anxiety as a result of finger prick. Sixteen HCWs (mostly nurses) were interviewed; they also viewed SST implementation favourably and reported feeling empowered to use RDTs for malaria screening. The main challenge identified by HCWs was that nurses are not allowed to prescribe anti-malarials to women who test positive and need to refer them to the outpatient department for treatment. Conclusion SST was considered an acceptable approach to control MIP by HCWs and pregnant women, and they recommended the continuation of the policy. In addition, consideration should be given to implementing a task-shifting policy to allow nurses to dispense anti-malarials to pregnant women.

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High burden of anemia among pregnant women in Tanzania: a call to address its determinants

Nutrition Journal ◽

10.1186/s12937-021-00726-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bruno F. Sunguya ◽

Yue Ge ◽

Linda Mlunde ◽

Rose Mpembeni ◽

Germana Leyna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Insecurity ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Gis Mapping ◽

Demographic And Health Surveys ◽

Health Coverage ◽

Nutritional Knowledge ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Anemia In Pregnancy ◽

In Pregnancy

Abstract Background Anemia in pregnancy is behind a significant burden of maternal mortality and poor birth outcomes globally. Efforts to address it need evidence on trends and its pertinent factors as they vary from one area to another. Methods We pooled data of 23,203 women of reproductive age whose hemoglobin levels were measured from two Tanzania Demographic and Health Surveys (TDHS). Of them, 2,194 women were pregnant. Analyses employed descriptive analyses to determine the burden of anemia, its characteristics, and severity; GIS mapping to determine the regional changes of anemia between 2005 and 2015; and logistic regression to determine the remaining determinants of anemia among pregnant women using Stata 15. Results The burden of anemia among pregnant women in Tanzania has remained unprecedently high, and varies between regions. There was no significant decline of anemia in general between the two periods after adjusting for individual, households, reproductive, and child characteristics [AOR = 0.964, 95% CI = 0.774–1.202, p = 0.747). Anemia is currently prevalent in 57% of pregnant women in Tanzania. The prevalence is more likely to be higher among women aged 15–19 years than those aged between 20–34 years. It is more likely to be prevalent among those within large families, with no formal education, food insecurity, lack of health insurance, had no antimalaria during pregnancy, and had low frequency of ANC attendance. On the other hand, delivery in a health facility may be potentially protective against anemia. Conclusions Anemia in pregnancy remained persistently high and prevalent among 57% of pregnant women in Tanzania. Efforts to address anemia are crucial and need to be focused in regions with increasing burden of anemia among pregnant women. It is imperative to address important risk factors such as food insecurity, strengthening universal health coverage, empowering women of reproductive age with education and especially nutritional knowledge and advocating for early antenatal booking, attendance, and facility delivery.

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Factors influencing stress, anxiety, and depression among Iranian pregnant women: the role of sexual distress and genital self-image

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-021-03575-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Afsaneh Keramat ◽

Mina Malary ◽

Mahmood Moosazadeh ◽

Nastaran Bagherian ◽

Mohammad-Reza Rajabi-Shakib

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Sexual Distress ◽

Self Image ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Severity Of Depression ◽

The Mean ◽

Distress Scale ◽

In Pregnancy

Abstract Background Pregnancy is a unique period with the increased likelihood of psychological changes and emotional disturbances such as depression, anxiety, and stress. In this study, we investigated the factors influencing depression, anxiety, and stress in pregnancy and identify their associations with Sexual Distress (SD) and Genital Self-Image (GSI). Methods This was a descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study performed using the two-stage cluster sampling method between September 2019 and January 2020. Overall, 295 pregnant women completed a demographics and obstetric information checklist, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSI), and Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised (FSDS-R). Results Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences in the mean scores of SD between the groups with varying degrees of depression, anxiety, and stress (P < 0.001) and in the mean score of GSI between the groups with varying degrees of depression (P = 0.01) and anxiety (P < 0.001). In multivariate linear regression analysis, higher (worse) depression, anxiety, and stress scores were found in women with more advanced age and higher SD scores; however, these scores were lower (better) in those with increased gestational age. Lower depression and anxiety scores were associated with moderate satisfaction with income, moderate satisfaction with BI in pregnancy, and lower stress and depression scores were linked to planned pregnancy. Higher (better) GSI score was a predictor of lower depression score, complication in a previous pregnancy was a predictor of higher stress score, and finally, fear of fetal abortion and being a housewife were predictors of a higher anxiety score. Conclusion Various factors contribute to the development of antenatal depression, anxiety, and stress. A positive correlation was found between SD and the severity of depression, anxiety, and stress, while a negative correlation was noted between GSI and the severity of depression and anxiety. Therefore, raising awareness regarding SD and GSI through screening and counseling sessions can have beneficial effects for mothers and their fetuses.

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