Does Firm Size Matter? The Impact of Homeownership on Business Start-up in Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-246
Author(s):  
Gaetano Lisi
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Size Matter ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Jel Classifications ◽  
Section Analysis

Abstract This paper is the first attempt to empirically test the relationship between homeownership and business start-up by putting emphasis on the characteristics of both homeowners and firms. It relies on the fact that the firm size is relevant when considering the relationship between homeownership (outright or with mortgage) and new enterprises (small-sized or medium- and large-sized). A cross-section analysis of Italy supports our hypothesis that firm size matters in estimating the actual effect of homeownership on business start-up: Homeownership has a negative effect on large-sized business start-up; in contrast, outright homeownership has a positive effect on small business start-up, whereas homeownership with mortgage payments has a negative effect only on small business start-up. Theoretical explanations are also provided. JEL Classifications: C31, L25, L26, M13, R21, R31 firm size, business start-up, homeownership

scholarly journals PENGARUH RELATIONSHIP MARKETING DAN RELATIONSHIP QUALITY TERHADAP LOYALITAS PELANGGAN DENGAN KEPUASAN PELANGGAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING PADA PRODUK PARFUM MULEGH DI PURWOKERTO

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilham Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Relationship Marketing ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Marketing Relationship ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

The research entitled �The Influence of Relationship Marketing and Relationship Quality Towards Customer Loyalty with Customer Satisfaction as The Intervening Variable on Mulleg Perfume Product in Purwokerto� aims to determine the impact of relationship marketing and relationship quality towards customer satisfaction and customer loyalty and to determine whether customer satisfaction could become the intervening variable. The hypothesis of this research is the relationship marketing has negative effect towards customer satisfaction, the relationship marketing has positive effect towards customer loyalty, the relationship quality has positively effect towards customer satisfaction, the relationship quality has positively effect towards the customer loyalty, and the customer loyalty could be able to mediate the influence of relationship marketing and relationship quality toward customer loyalty.� The analysis method that used on this research is the structural equation modeling.The results show that the relationship marketing has positive and significant effect towards customer satisfaction. It will increase the customer satisfaction of Mulleg Aromatic perfume product in Purwokerto. The relationship quality has positive and significant effect towards customer satisfaction, so it will increase the customer satisfaction of Mulleg Aromatic perfume product in Purwokerto. The relationship marketing has positive and significant effect towards customer loyalt. It will increase the customer loyalty of Mulleg Aromatic perfume product in Purwokerto. The relationship quality has positive and significant effect towards the customer loyalty. The Customer Satisfaction has positive and significant effect towards customer loyalty. The customer satisfaction could mediate the influence of relationship marketing towards the customer loyalty on Mulleg Aromatic perfume product in Purwokerto. The customer satisfaction could mediate the influence of relationship quality towards the customer loyalty of Mulleg Aromatic perfume product in Purwokerto.�Keywords : Relationship Marketing , Relationship Quality , Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty�

scholarly journals Domestic Debt and Economic Growth in Tanzania

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. p207
Author(s):  
Josephat Lotto ◽  
Catherine T. Mmari
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Domestic Debt ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

The main objective of this paper was to examine the impact of domestic debt on economic growth in Tanzania for the period 1990 to 2015 using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression method to estimate the effects. The study finds that there is an inverse but insignificant relationship between domestic debt and the economic growth of Tanzania as measured by GDP annual growth. The inverse relationship between domestic debt and GDP may be caused by different factors such as; increased trend in domestic borrowing, government lenders’ profile dominated by commercial banks and non-bank financial institutions which promotes the “crowding out” effect; the nature of the instruments used by the government ; the improper use of the domestic borrowed funds which may include funding budgetary deficits, paying up principal and matured obligations on debt, developing financial markets as well as fund other government operations. Other control variables relate with the GDP as predicted. For example, Inflation (INF) has a negative effect on the GDP growth rate, but the relationship is not statistically significant, while gross capital formation (GCF) has a positive statistically significant effect on GDP growth rate. Furthermore, foreign direct investment (FDI) showed a positive effect on the GDP growth rate and export (X) has a positive effect on GDP growth rate, and the relationship is statistically significant explaining that if a country applied an export-led growth economic strategy it enjoys the gains of participating in the world market. This means that an increase in export stimulates demand for goods which leads to increase in output, and as a country’s output increases, the economic performance also takes a similar trend. Finally, government expenditure (GE) had a negative effect on the GDP growth rate which may be explained by the increased government expenditures which are funded by either tax or borrowing. Therefore, what is required for countries like Tanzania is to have better debt management strategies as well as prudential financial management while maintaining to remain within the internationally acceptable debt level of 45% of GDP and maintain a GDP growth rate of not less than 5%. It is important for the country to realize from where to borrow from, the tenure, the risks involved and limitations to borrowing and thus set the right balance of combination of both kinds of debt. Another requirement is to properly utilize the borrowed funds. The central government’s objective should be to use the funds in more development-oriented projects that bring positive returns to the economic development.  The government should not only create a right environment and policies for investment to attract investment from domestic and foreign sources but also be cautious about the kind of investments that the foreign investors make.

scholarly journals The Impact of Hospital Specialization on Congestion and Efficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1475
Author(s):  
Sung-hun Park ◽  
Joong Ko ◽  
Eun-song Bae ◽  
Meehyang Chang ◽  
Daecheol Kim
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Hospital Size ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Hospital Beds ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Hospital Specialization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

The purpose of this study is to verify the existence of congestion in Korean hospitals, to identify the causes of congestion, and to suggest directions for efficiency improvement of hospitals. The result showed that congestion occurred in 71.90% of 1185 hospitals. In addition, it was found that hospital specialization has a negative effect on congestion. In other words, the higher the hospital specialization, the lower the overall congestion rate of the hospital. More specifically, the specialization of hospitals also showed a negative effect on congestion of nurses. On the other hand, hospital specialization was found to have a positive effect on the congestion of the number of doctors, but it does not have a significant effect on the congestion of hospital beds. It was also found that hospital size has an effect on the relationship between hospital specialization and congestion, but the location of the hospital and the type of ownership did not act as a moderator.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF INTERNAL FACTORS ON CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND ITS IMPACT ON FIRM VALUE: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM THE FOOD AND BAVERAGES INDUSTRY LISTED ON INDONESIAN STOCK EXCHANGE 2013-2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 173-191
Author(s):  
M.Noor Salim ◽  
Rina Susilowati
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

This research aims to analyze the effects of profitability (ROA), liquidity (CR), assets growth, and firm size towards capital structure (DER) and the impact on firm value (PBV).This research uses secondary data from yearly financial statement of food and baverages companies listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange for period 2013-2017. The research design uses descriptive quantitative research and causality. Sampling method uses purposive sampling method, with some predetermined criteria, the number of sample is 17 manufacturing companies. The analysis technique used is panel data regression. The research results shows that the profitability (ROA) and firm size partially have negative effect and not significant on capital structure (DER). The liquidity (CR) and assets growth partially have negative effect and significantly on capital structure (DER). Then the capital structure (DER) partially have positive effect but not significantly influences the firm value (PBV). The profitability (ROA) partially have positive effect and significant on firm value (PBV). The liquidity (CR) and assets growth partially have negative and significant effect on firm value (PBV), and firm size partially have negative and not significant effect on firm value (PBV). Simultaneously profitability (ROA), liquidity (CR), assets growth and firm size effect on capital structure (DER). On the other side, simultaneously profitability (ROA), liquidity (CR), assets growth and firm size have effect on firm value (PBV).

scholarly journals Pengaruh Firm Performance, Firm Size, Leverage, Investment Opportunities terhadap Good Corporate Governance

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 621
Author(s):  
Mouren Karnius Chandra ◽  
Yusbardini Yusbardini
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Good Corporate Governance ◽  
Investment Opportunities ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

This study examines the impact of firm performance, firm size, leverage, and investment opportunities to good corporate governance. The sample in this study are 10 company which listed on the index CGPI report from 2016 until 2018 who selected through purposive sampling method. The result of this study are firm performance has no significant effect on good corporate governance, firm size has a significant positive effect on good corporate governance, leverage has a significant negative effect on good corporate governance, and investment opportunities has no significant effect on good corporate governance.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Firm Performance, Firm Size, Leverage, dan Investment opportunities terhadap Good Corporate Governance. Sampel dari penelitian ini adalah 10 perusahaan yang terdaftar dalam laporan indeks CGPI periode 2016- 2018 yang ditentukan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah firm performance tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap good corporate governance, firm size memiliki pengaruh positif yang signifikan terhadap good corporate governance, leverage memiliki pengaruh negatif yang signifikan terhadap good corporate governance, dan investment opportunities tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap good corporate governance.

scholarly journals Investigating online shopping behaviour on mobile and fixed devices: The impact of scarcity and popularity cues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Tessa Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Moderating Role

<p>Smartphones have become ubiquitous in consumers’ lives and have been identified as an important online channel. However, consumers have indicated a preference for purchasing products through their fixed devices, such as computers, and few studies have investigated situations where consumers might indicate greater purchase intentions on their mobile devices. This research examines the influence of scarcity messages and popularity cues on purchase intention in the context of online shopping. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the differences between consumers using mobile and fixed devices.  Study one was a 3 (scarcity: limited quantity vs limited time vs no scarcity) x 2 (device: fixed vs smartphone) between-subjects design (N = 236). Study one found that in an online shopping context, limited-quantity scarcity messages (e.g. limited stock available) had a negative effect on purchase intention regardless of the consumer’s device. Furthermore, a consumer’s scepticism of advertising moderated the relationship. Perceived risk of online shopping was found to moderate the relationship between device and purchase intention.  Study two was a 2 (scarcity: limited quantity vs no scarcity) x 2 (popularity: ranking vs no ranking) x 2 (device: fixed vs smartphone) between-subjects design (N = 244). The study showed that a popularity cue had a positive effect on purchase intention. However, scarcity had no effect on purchase intention. Consumers in the smartphone conditions also had lower purchase intentions but this was not impacted by the inclusion of a scarcity message or popularity cue. Interestingly, credibility of the content did not moderate the relationships between scarcity and purchase intention, or popularity ranking and purchase intention.  These findings suggest that online scarcity messages do not increase purchase intention, in contrast to previous offline studies. The moderating role of scepticism on the scarcity message and purchase intention relationship indicates that consumers are suspicious of scarcity messages in an online context. However, it appears popularity cues enhance consumer purchase intentions online. Neither a scarcity message or a popularity cue increased purchase intention on a smartphone. The research demonstrates that scarcity messages are not as effective online as they have been shown to be in an offline context and that further research is required to understand how to increase consumer purchase intentions when shopping on a smartphone.</p>

scholarly journals FACTORS AFFECTING VOLUNTARY DISCLOSURE WITH CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AS MODERATING VARIABLES

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-88
Author(s):  
Eny Widayawati ◽  
Moch Dzulkirom ◽  
Ari Darmawan
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Voluntary Disclosure ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Moderating Variables ◽  
Good Corporate Governance ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose — The purpose of this research is to analyze and prove the influence of independent variables that are proxied by profitability, liquidity, firm size on voluntary disclosure, and moderated by corporate governance variables. Design/methodology/approach — The object of the research is the companies listed on the IDX from 2012 through 2016. This research uses a purposive sampling method involving 45 annual company reports and uses multiple regression and MRA (Moderated Regression Analysis) as a data analysis tool. Findings — The results of this research indicate that there is a significant positive effect between liquidity, firm size on voluntary disclosure, there is a significant negative effect between profitability and voluntary disclosure, and corporate governance moderates the relationship between profitability, liquidity, firm size, and voluntary disclosure. Practical Implications — Companies with high liquidity supported by good corporate governance will reduce voluntary disclosures due to the existence of independent commissioners whose positions are still less influential with the board of commissioners and board of directors, in the other hand, companies with low profitability supported by good corporate governance encourage managers to disclose company information more broadly to convince all stakeholders concerned. Originality/value —

scholarly journals The Influence of Budgeting System, Organizational Culture, and Firm Size to Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mochamad Muslih
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Budgeting Process

<p>There are inconsistencies in past research results regarding the impact of budgets on performance. Some studies concluded that budgeting process had significant effect on performance, but some studies didn’t. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of budgeting system on performance.<br />This research used quantitative research method. Organizational culture and firm size are added as control variables. The population of this research are companies listed at Bursa Efek Indonesia classified as LQ45. The samples of research are companies classified as LQ45 taken randomly.<br />The results showed the budgeting process has significant effect on firm performance but with different sign. It means that budgeting process gives negative effect to firm performance. Organizational culture and firm size have significant positive effect on firm performance.</p>

scholarly journals Investigating online shopping behaviour on mobile and fixed devices: The impact of scarcity and popularity cues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Tessa Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Moderating Role

<p>Smartphones have become ubiquitous in consumers’ lives and have been identified as an important online channel. However, consumers have indicated a preference for purchasing products through their fixed devices, such as computers, and few studies have investigated situations where consumers might indicate greater purchase intentions on their mobile devices. This research examines the influence of scarcity messages and popularity cues on purchase intention in the context of online shopping. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the differences between consumers using mobile and fixed devices.  Study one was a 3 (scarcity: limited quantity vs limited time vs no scarcity) x 2 (device: fixed vs smartphone) between-subjects design (N = 236). Study one found that in an online shopping context, limited-quantity scarcity messages (e.g. limited stock available) had a negative effect on purchase intention regardless of the consumer’s device. Furthermore, a consumer’s scepticism of advertising moderated the relationship. Perceived risk of online shopping was found to moderate the relationship between device and purchase intention.  Study two was a 2 (scarcity: limited quantity vs no scarcity) x 2 (popularity: ranking vs no ranking) x 2 (device: fixed vs smartphone) between-subjects design (N = 244). The study showed that a popularity cue had a positive effect on purchase intention. However, scarcity had no effect on purchase intention. Consumers in the smartphone conditions also had lower purchase intentions but this was not impacted by the inclusion of a scarcity message or popularity cue. Interestingly, credibility of the content did not moderate the relationships between scarcity and purchase intention, or popularity ranking and purchase intention.  These findings suggest that online scarcity messages do not increase purchase intention, in contrast to previous offline studies. The moderating role of scepticism on the scarcity message and purchase intention relationship indicates that consumers are suspicious of scarcity messages in an online context. However, it appears popularity cues enhance consumer purchase intentions online. Neither a scarcity message or a popularity cue increased purchase intention on a smartphone. The research demonstrates that scarcity messages are not as effective online as they have been shown to be in an offline context and that further research is required to understand how to increase consumer purchase intentions when shopping on a smartphone.</p>

scholarly journals PENGARUH STRUKTUR MODAL, UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, LIKUIDITAS TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN YANG DIMODERASI INFLASI

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Cindhy Dahlia
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Capital Structure ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
Data Regression ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence on the effect of capital structure, firm size, liquidity of financial performance and inflation as a moderating variable. The number of sample companies used in this study is 168 non financial companies period from 2012 to 2016. The results of this study indicate that on the capital structure have a significant negative effect of financial performance, firm size have a significant positive effect of financial performance, and liquidity have an non significant and positive effect of financial performance. Data were analyzed using panel data regression. Based on the analysis of regression panel data, we concluded that the inflation proved to have a pure moderating influence on the relationship between liquidity of the financial performance. Keyword: Capital Structure, Firm Size, Liquidity, Inflation, Financial performanceAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan bukti empiris mengenai pengaruh struktur modal, ukuran perusahaan, likuiditas terhadap kinerja keuangan yang dimoderasi oleh inflasi. Jumlah sampel perusahaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 168 perusahaan non keuangan tahun 2012-2016. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan struktur modal berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja keuangan, ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja keuangan, likuiditas berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja keuangan. Data yang dianalisis menggunakan regresi data panel. Berdasarkan analisis regresi data panel, dapat disimpulkan bahwa inflasi sebagai variabel pure moderating antara pengaruh likuditas terhadap kinerja keuangan.Keyword: struktur modal, ukuran perusahaan, likuiditas, inflasi, kinerja keuangan

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